• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2020

The goal of the study is to understand the role of social norm in purchase decisions where demand is revealed in the form of multiple-discreteness. Consumers are socially engaged in various activities through the expectation from others in their community. Actions or decisions are likely to reflect this influence. This implicit or explicit social norm is revealed as the rules, regulations, and standards that are understood, shared, endorsed, and expected by group members. When consumers' decisions are in distance from the norm, they come to face discomfort such as shame, guilt, embarrassment, and anxiety. These pressure act as a constraint as opposed to utility in their decision making. In this study, the effect of social norms on consumer demand is captured via multiple constraint model where constraints are not only from budget equation but also from psychological burden induced by the deviation from the norm. The posterior distributions of model parameters were estimated via conjoint study allowing for heterogeneity via hierarchical Bayesian framework. Individual characteristics such as age, gender and work experience are also used as covariates for capturing the observed heterogeneity. The empirical results show the role of social norm as constraint in consumers' utility maximization. The proposed model accounting for social constraint outperforms the standard budget constraint-only model in terms of model fit. It is found that people with longer job experience tend to be more robust and resistant to the deviation from the norm. Incorporating social norm into the utility model allows for another means to disentangle the reason for no-purchase as 'not preferred' and 'not able to buy'.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1769-1784
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• 2008

The group Hameo (M, $\omega$) of Hamiltonian homeomorphisms of a connected symplectic manifold (M, $\omega$) was defined and studied in [7] and further in [6]. In these papers, the authors consistently used the $L^{(1,{\infty})}$-Hofer norm (and not the $L^{\infty}$-Hofer norm) on the space of Hamiltonian paths (see below for the definitions). A justification for this choice was given in [7]. In this article we study the $L^{\infty}$-case. In view of the fact that the Hofer norm on the group Ham (M, $\omega$) of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms does not depend on the choice of the $L^{(1,{\infty})}$-norm vs. the $L^{\infty}$-norm [9], Y.-G. Oh and D. McDuff (private communications) asked whether the two notions of Hamiltonian homeomorphisms arising from the different norms coincide. We will give an affirmative answer to this question in this paper.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.1000-1014
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• 2013

This study identifies the determinants that influence attitude toward and the intention to use mobile shopping services through fashion applications (apps) based on the technology acceptance model. In addition, gender and age group differences were examined. Data were collected from subjects who have used smartphone fashion related apps; subsequently, a total of 327 data were analyzed. About 46% of respondents were males, with a mean age of 34.4 years that ranged from 20 to 49 years old. Multiple regression models were developed based on the research model. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived risks (security risk and quality risk), fashion involvement, and fashion app attributes (product attributes and service attributes) were employed as predictors of attitudes towards mobile shopping. Attitudes towards mobile shopping and subjective norms with the aforementioned variables measured the intention to use. Attitudes towards mobile shopping were predicted by perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, and service attributes. Attitudes toward mobile shopping and subjective norms were the most important predictors of the intention to use. Gender differences were found in that service attributes were significant for attitudes towards mobile shopping only in the male model. Age differences were also found and perceived usefulness was the most important predictor of attitudes toward mobile shopping among those in their 20's; however, perceived enjoyment was the most important among those in their 30's and 40's. Quality risk was only significant to explain intention to use among those in their 40's. The findings of this study are useful to understand the possibility of the adoption of mobile shopping though fashion apps and provide basic insight into market segmentation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.575-586
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• 2019

이 연구는 발달장애인을 돌보는 장애인공동생활가정 종사자 6명을 대상으로 발달장애인의 성문제 행동에 관한 이들의 인식을 총체적으로 이해하여, 장애인복지실천 현장에 필요한 유용한 논의점을 제시하기 위해 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구 방법을 활용하여 자료를 분석 하였다. 분석 결과, 발달장애인의 성문제 행동과 성인식 2가지 본질주제로 분류할 수 있었고, 성문제 행동은 '성적 욕구를 과도하게 표출하는 존재', '성범죄로 연결될 수 있는 부적절한 성행동' 2개의 하위주제로, 성인식에서는 발달장애인 성문제에 대한 '적절한 해결방안의 부재', '성적 매력을 갖기에는 불리한 조건', '좌절된 성', '딜레마의 문제', '비장애인과 다르지 않는 성', '연애와 성관계는 OK, 임신과 결혼은 NO' 라는 6개의 하위 주제로 총 8개의 하위주제를 도출할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 장애인공동생활가정 종사자들은 성인기 발달장애인의 성문제 행동에 대한 적절한 해결 방안이 없다는 것에 대한 문제의식을 가지고 있으며, 발달장애인의 성규범을 강화하고 재생산해내는 주요 주체로서의 역할에 기여하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이들은 발달장애인의 성규범과 관련하여 가치관 혼란도 함께 경험하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 발달장애인 성에 대한 종사자들의 고정관념적 시각에 관해 되짚어보고, 그들의 성을 바라보는 시각에 관하여 담론형성의 장과 발달장애들의 성을 지원하기 위한 대책마련에 관한 보다 실효성 있는 장애인공동생활가정 종사자의 상담 및 교육프로그램이 필요하다는 것을 제언하였다.

• 인지과학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-160
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• 2018

본 논문은 도덕 판단에서 나타나는 도덕-인습 구분에 관한 최근의 논쟁들을 개관하고 그 함의를 검토하고자 한다. 전통적인 도덕 판단에 대한 연구들은 규범 위반에 대한 판단에서 타인의 규범 위반 행위에 대한 평가와 함께 위반한 규범의 도덕-인습 차원에서의 분류를 함께 고려해왔다. Kohlberg와 Piaget의 인지 발달 이론을 발전시킨 Turiel(1983)은 도덕 원칙이 인습과 명확하게 구별된다고 보고 도덕-인습 구분의 기준을 제시하였다. 도덕은 보살핌과 정의의 영역에 특수하며, 보편성/객관성을 지닌다는 것이다. 이러한 관점은 전통적인 도덕 심리학에서 일반적으로 받아들여져 왔으나 최근 들어 지속적인 도전을 받아왔다. 본 논문에서는 도덕-인습 구분 기준에 대한 비판을 도덕 감정 이론(moral sentimentalism)과 도덕 지역주의(moral parochialism), 도덕 다원주의(moral pluralism)로 구분하여 살펴본다. 도덕 감정 이론은 도덕 판단에서 정서의 역할을 강조하며 도덕과 인습이 정서-비정서 차원의 연속선상에 혼재할 수 있다고 제안한다. 도덕 지역주의는 인류학과 비교문화 심리학의 연구 결과들을 바탕으로, 규범 위반 행위가 집단의 유지와 집단 내 개인의 존속에 의미가 있는 경우에만 규범 위반에 대한 부정적 평가와 처벌 의사가 강하게 형성될 수 있기 때문에 도덕 위반에 대한 판단도 인습에 대한 판단만큼이나 상대적일 수 있다고 주장한다. 도덕 다원주의에서는 문화와 개인차에 따라서 다양한 종류의 도덕적 직관이 존재할 수 있다는 점에서 보살핌과 정의의 차원만 도덕에 해당한다는 가정에 의문을 제기한다. 이러한 새로운 관점들은 기존의 합리주의적 도덕 발달 이론에서 가정하였던 도덕-인습의 구분이 사람들이 실제로 규범 위반을 판단하는 양상을 적절하게 반영하지 않을 수도 있음을 시사하며 체계적인 후속 연구의 필요성을 제안한다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.70-93
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• 2019

The contemporary educational system in South Korea is built on high-stakes standardised tests, a manifestation of the national project of social reconstruction and reform. One recent outcome is the emergence of an unfamiliar yet ubiquitous phenomenon: the "pig mum"; a Korean parent who is fully involved in organising, scheduling and managing the educational process from primary to secondary school for a group of children in a neighbourhood. Based on a quasimixed method utilizing a survey of a group of students and parents, this pilot study explores the "pig mum" phenomenon and its linkage to education policy. The authors conclude that the current educational policy fails to achieve the ideals it professes to value. This creates deep and negative societal norms that endanger a growing generation of students by creating a parallel private education market environment where "pig mums" thrive.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe health problems and psychosocial adaptation in children with cancer and to determine the relationship between these two variables. Method: The data were collected from parents of 61 children with cancer, aged 4-11 years at one university hospital in Seoul. The instruments for this study were the Korea Child Behavior Check List (KCBCL) and a physical symptom checklist developed by the researchers. Result: The major health problems were coughing, sleeping disturbances, fatigue and weakness. The total behavior problem score for children in the cancer group was higher than the score for those in the norm group. The scores on the scales for withdrawal, somatic complaints, social immaturity, and internalizing problems were higher in the children with cancer compared to normative findings. Scores on social and school competence in the cancer group were lower than the norms for healthy children. The relationship between health problems and psychosocial adaptation was significant in the subscales of withdrawal, anxiety/depression, internalizing problems and social involvement in the off therapy group. Conclusions: This study shows the various areas that need further study in caring for children with cancer.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.622-636
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of self-image congruence on attitudes toward purchase intentions of children's clothing via the Behavioral Intention Model. The empirical study was conducted via on-line survey and data were collected from mothers with children aged 6 to 10 years. A total of 593 respondents answered the questionnaire and 574 usable data were statistically analyzed. SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, Chi-square test, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted based on three dimensions brand images of children's wear. Respondents were divided into four groups: elegant image group, multiple image group, ordinary image group, and childlike image group. Characteristics of consumers and clothing evaluative criteria that mothers considered important differed significantly across groups. Moreover, based on these groups, each dimension of self-congruence had different effects on brand attitude. Brand attitude and subjective norms had different effects on purchase intentions. In conclusion, levels of self-congruence and factors influencing purchase intention varied according to brand images of children's wear.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.391-407
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• 1990

This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards and to observe the nature of anatomic fit in the internal structural relationship of the craniofaciodental complex of the normal Korean by means of Moyers' method. Lateral cephalograms of 143 males and 144 females with normal occlusion and acceptable profile from 6 to 25 years of age, which were consisted of 5 groups that were 6 year-, 9 year-, 12 year-, 15 year- and adult-group were obtained. Data were gathered by traced digitizing the cephalograms and were statistically analyzed. The findings can be summerized as follows. 1. Norms of Korean males, females and both sexes in each group were established. 2. There was little significant sexual dimorphism in the form of craniofacial skeleton of all age groups. 3. The height and length of craniofacial skeleton was alike in each sexes in the 6 year-, 9 year- and 12 year-group, whereas it was larger in male than in female in the 15 year- and adult-group. 4. There were no significant sexual differences in the internal structural relationship of the craniofacial skeleton in all age groups.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

불법다운로드에 대한 사회적 규범과 불법다운로드 이용의향 간의 관계를 다룬 선행연구들은 혼재된 연구 결과를 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구결과들의 불일치 원인을 조절요인 때문으로 판단하고, 저작권법에 대한 이용자 태도와 콘텐츠 구매 시 가격중요성이 수행하는 조절적 역할을 확인해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 사회적 규범을 주관적 규범과 집단적 규범으로 나누고, 이들 각각의 규범 인식과 불법다운로드 이용의향 간 관계에서 저작권법 태도와 콘텐츠 가격 중요성 각각이 수행하는 조절적 역할 가설들을 설정하였다. 가설검증 결과, 총 4개 조절효과 가설 중 주관적 규범과 저작권법 태도간의 상호작용을 다룬 가설은 기각되고, 나머지 3개 가설은 채택할 수 있었다. 즉 불법다운로드에 대해 긍정적으로 생각하는 집단규범이 강할수록 불법다운로드 이용의향은 증가하지만 저작권법에 대해 긍정적 태도를 가질수록 그 영향력은 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 불법다운로드에 대해 긍정적인 주관적 규범과 집단적 규범 각각이 불법다운로드 이용의향에 미치는 영향력은 콘텐츠 구매 시 가격을 중요하게 인식할수록 증가함을 확인하였다.