• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.40-41
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• 2005

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to test the effects of a full body massage on labor pain and delivery stress reaction for primipara during labor. Method: This study employed a quasi- experimental method(nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design). The subjects of this study were 57 primipara hospitalized at the U OB & GYN hospital in Inchon from November 1. 2001 to July 31, 2002. 28 women were assigned to the experimental group and 29 to the control group. The experimental group was given 20 minutes full body massage for each of three delivery phases. The control group was given conventional delivery care. The levels of labor pain were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale and the expression scores of the labor pain and the levels of delivery stress reaction were measured by pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, and State-Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), t-test, $X^2$- test, simple ANCOVA with SPSS program. Result: There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.370, p=.693), but significant time effects were found for subjective labor pain(F=3.840, p=.028). There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.112, p=.894), but significant group effects were found for objective labor pain(F=12.299, p=.001). There was no interaction effect between time and group for PR(F=.172, p=.843), RR(F=.626, p=.539), SBP(F=.089, p=.915), DBP(F=.748, p=.479), but significant group effects were found for SBP(F=7.547, p=.008). The level of status anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(F=11.787, p=.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the full body massage has partially positive effect on labor pain and delivery stress reaction. Therefore this study suggested that the full body massage might be used clinically to help primipara during labor.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.259-266
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• 1999

In case that pile cap is in direct contact with underlying soil, the bearing mechanism for pile groups, including direct bearing effect of cap and its induced influence on pile-soil-cap interaction, should be properly considered. In this paper, the effects of pile caps on behaviors of pile groups in sandy soils were investigated by model tests, which consist of tests on 3 by 3 pile groups with/without contact on subsoil, single pile with/without contact and cap as a shallow foundation. Also, the influences of pile spacing in group piles on contact effects were investigated. The test results showed that the load carrying capacity of pile cap was large enough not to be ignored. However, the interaction effects due to contact between cap and subsoils were not revealed obviously in working load range. And in the design of pile groups, the bearing effect of pile cap when contacted with subsoils, can be reflected by simply summing up load settlement behaviors of each cap and group piles without contact.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2009

This paper describes an extension of viscoelastic Group Interaction Modelling (GIM) to predict the relaxation response of linear, branched and cross-linked structures. This model is incorporated into a Monte Carlo percolation grid simulation used to generate the topological structure during the isothermal cure of a gel, so enabling the chemorheological response to be predicted at any point during the cure. The model results are compared to experimental data for an epoxy-amine systems and good agreement is observed. The viscoelastic model predicts the same exponent power-law behaviour of the loss and storage moduli as a function of frequency and predicts the cross-over in the loss tangent at the percolation condition for gelation. The model also predicts the peak in the loss tangent which occurs when the glass transition temperature surpasses the isothermal cure temperature and the system vitrifies.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.301-309
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• 2009

This study focuses on event-driven social media (EDSM), which supports the production of unique cultural items of small groups by satisfying the conflicting desires of distinctiveness and assimilation that small groups possess. EDSM is a system which promotes the production of idioculture through small group interaction by using an actual event in which people participate in small groups. By setting up an EDSM system in a university festival in which 10,000 to 15,000 people gather in small groups, idioculture production was tested for approximately eight hours and a half. Interaction records gathered from the test, as well as focus group interview data garnered soon after were used to analyze usage patterns of EDSM, types of idiocultures produced, and resulting factors of user experience. Through this, considerations upon designing future EDSM were proposed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2004

The interaction between anion and zwitterionic surfactants was investigated by means of surface tension, NMR spectroscopy, and fluorescence studies. These systems are N-tetradecyloxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl betaine ($C_{14}$, TDB), N-octadecyloxymethyl-N,Ndimethyl betaine ($C_{18}$, ODB), and sodium dodecylethoxy sulfate (SDE). These systems show a composition dependency in micellar properties. When the molar fraction of TDB and ODB was about 0.6, the cmc values of these systems showed minima, whereas the solubilized amount of a water insoluble dye, NMR line width showed maxima. These changes comes from the intramolecular complexes formed in the mixed micelles. The complexes are due to the electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged head groups of betaine and sodium dodecylethoxy sulfate. A comparison of betaine and SDE alkyl methylene group line widths to those of n-methyl group indicates that the interior of the micelle in the restricted region is more immobile than the head group.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interaction patterns and the commonly accepted norms of reaching a consensus among small-group children when solving open-ended problems. In conclusion, open-ended problems have various strategies or different acceptable answers, so they give children learning opportunities to compare the answers and to participate in communication. And more valuable interaction patterns come from 'measuring','classifying' problems and open-ended problems with implicit solution. Therefore, teachers might as well consider the relation between problems and interaction patterns when they pose open-ended problems in a small-group study setting. They are expected to empower children to have sociomathematical norms of reaching a consensus un der indirect and supportive guidance.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.83-103
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• 2008

In the new web based learning environment which has recently emerged, a variety of new learning objectives and teaching methods suited to this learning environment have been adopted. Recently, web based project-based learning methods have received a great deal of attention from those wishing to improve learning performance. The objective of this study is to identify the impact of characteristics of communication media and instruction behavior on collaborative interaction and project performance through web based group projects. The characteristics of communication media were divided into richness, flexibility, and ease of use, and the characteristics of instruction behavior were divided into support and expression, which are independent variables. Collaborative interaction as a mediate variable, was divided into information sharing and negotiation. Project performance was the dependent variable. To verify the proposed research model empirically, an experiment was conducted in which learners participated in on-line and off-line courses with group projects. The group project was conducted virtual product development(VPD), and designed a web-site about the VPD. At the end of the project, a survey was conducted. Of the 270 students, 239 responded. The students were assigned to groups of 3 or 4 members, and represented different genders and levels of computer competence. The reliability, validity, and correlation of research variables were analyzed using SPSS 14.0, and the measurement model and the structural goodness-of-fit of the research model were verified through SEM analysis using Lisrel 8.54. We found important results as follows; First, richness and ease of use has positive impacts on each of sharing information and negotiation. This suggests that richness and ease of use are useful in sharing information which is related to the task and agreeing in opinions among group members. However, flexibility has not positive impacts on sharing information and negotiation. This implies that there is no great difference in performance of PC and information literacy of user. Second, support and expression of instructor have positive impacts on sharing information and negotiation. This indicates that instructors play an important role in encouraging learners to participate in the project and communicating with them, sharing information related to the project, making a resonable decision and finally leading them to improve a project performance. Third, collaborative interaction has a positive impact on project performance. This result shows that if the ability to share information and negotiate among students was improved then a project performance would be improved as well. Recently, in the state of revitalized web based learning, it is opportune that web-based group project is practically conducted, and the impact of characteristics of communication media and characteristics of instruction behavior on sharing information, negotiating among group members and improving a project performance is verified. On the basis of these results, we propose that forms of learning, such as web based project, could be one of solution which is to enforce interaction among learners, and ultimately improve learning performance. Moreover web-based group project is able to make up for a weakness which makes it difficult to make interpersonal relations or friendship among learners in computer mediated communication or web based learning.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

이 연구는 온라인 토론활동에 대한 학습분석 기반 대시보드 유형이 학습자들의 그룹토론에 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위해 수행되었다. 대학생 51명을 대상으로 참여도와 상호작용 대시보드를 제공한 집단과 토론주제와 메시지유형 대시보드를 제공한 집단으로 나누어 실험연구를 실시하였다. 먼저 온라인 토론활동에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 컴퓨터 쓰기에 대한 태도, 자기성찰 동기 수준에 대한 사전검사를 실시하였다. 이후 온라인 그룹토론 3회를 실시하였고, 참여도와 상호작용 데이터는 온라인 토론 시스템을 통해 자동으로 수집하였으며, 사후검사를 통해 학습성과 데이터를 수집하였다. 연구 결과 토론주제와 메시지유형 대시보드를 제공 받은 집단 B의 참여도 수준(M=47.56, SD=2.37)이 참여도와 상호작용 대시보드를 제공받은 집단 A의 참여도 수준(M=38.13, SD=2.21) 보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 대시보드 유형이 상호작용과 학습성과에는 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 참여도와 상호작용에 대한 정보만 제공받은 집단보다 토론내용에 대한 질적 정보가 포함된 토론주제와 메시지유형 대시보드를 제공받은 집단이 토론에 대한 동기부여를 통해 참여도가 높게 나타난 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 학습자 특성변인을 고려하지 않고 대시보드 유형에 따른 효과만 검증하고자 하였는데, 선행연구에 의하면, 학습자 특성이 대시보드 활용에 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 추후 연구에서는 학습자 특성에 따른 대시보드 효과에 관한 연구를 수행할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제59호
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• pp.27-53
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• 2018

본 연구는 가족관련 요인과 고령친화환경 요인이 가족 내 세대교류에 미치는 영향력에 대해 중년층과 고령층을 비교하여 확인하고, 이를 바탕으로 고령화와 함께 심화되는 가족 내 세대 교류 단절에 대한 대안을 제시하고자 이루어졌다. 이를 위하여 한국연구재단 지원사업인 "2014 고령화 사회에 대한 인식 조사"의 자료를 사용하였으며, 그 중 18세 이상의 성인자녀가 있는 45-64세 연구대상자 260명, 65세 이상의 연구대상자 399명을 각각 중년층과 노년층으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 가족관련 요인, 고령친화환경 요인과 두 연령집단의 가족 내 세대 교류와의 관계를 분석하기 위해 t-test와 다중회귀분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 가족관련 요인은 두 연령집단에서 모두 영향력을 보였으나 중년층에서는 친밀감이, 노년층에서는 가족주의가 각각 통계적으로 더 높은 유의미성을 나타냈다. 또한 고령친화요인 중에서는 노년층에서 세대통합에 대한 인식만이 유의미하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 가족 내 세대교류 관계의 향상을 위한 함의를 제시하였다.