• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.531-540
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• 1998

To examine water pollution status of agricultural water source of greenhouse area in Gyeongnam, the ground water quality was investigated six times at five areas in Gyeongnam from October in 1995 to March in 1996. pH of ground water were generally in the range of 5.9∼7.6. But a site in Changnyeong area was out of the range In 6.0∼8.5 which is water quality standard for agriculture. COD of ground water was below 2.8mg/l. NH4+-N contents in ground water was very low in all areas and the average of NO3'-N contents in Changnyeong and Chinju area was high with 13.2 and 11.5mg/l respectively. Hardness, SO42- and EC of ground water In Hmm were higher than any other area. Fe and Mn contents of ground water in Kimhae were higher than any other area with 7.17 and 0.95wt, respectively. Heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn of ground waker were below water Quality standard far agriculture but some sites were over. Between COD and SS in ground water were not correlated with rInG.338,'but between COD and NH4+, -N were positively correlated. And EC was positively correlated with Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-. Ground water pollution status of agricultural water source of greenhouse area in Gyeongnam was genrrally high in order of Sacheon < Chinju < Hmn < Kimhae < Changnyeong.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2020

Water quality demonstrates physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. The quality of surface and groundwater is currently an important concern with population growth and industrialization. Over exploitation of water resources due to demand is causing the deterioration of surface water and ground water. Periodic water quality testing must be carried out to protect our water resources. The present research analyses the spatial variation of surface water and groundwater in and around the lakes of Hyderabad. Twenty-Seven lakes and their neighboring bore water samples are obtained for water quality monitoring. Samples are evaluated for specific physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Cl, SO₄, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Total Hardness (TH). The spatial variation of water quality parameters for the 27 lakes and groundwater were analysed. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were carried out to determine comparative study of lake and ground water. The study found that most of the lakes were polluted and this had an impact on surrounding ground water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.303-306
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• 2003

This survey was carried out to investigate the chemical characteristics of ground water for livestock purpose and to estimate the influence of ground water quality by livestock farming. Water samples were collected three times in 2000, and analyzed for theirs chemical compositions using Korean Standard Methods for Water Quality. The EC of ground water was from 0.214 to 0.474 dS/m. $NO_3-N$ contamination range was from 3.56 to 11.81. The $SO_4{^{2-}}$ was $4.31{\sim}69.37mg/L$ and CI was $12.75{\sim}41.46mg/L$. The data of ground water quality indicated suitable quality for livestock. Also, the concentration of heavy metals in the sample could not make damage to the animals. The $NO_3-N$ concentration of the water by times are as follows: October (8.19 mg/L) > July (7.65 mg/L) > April (4.04 mg/L) with no significant differences during the livestock farming period. The average quality of groundwater for livestock is good for its purpose, and it was showed there was few influence by livestock farming.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

Recently water demand is increasing as the industry prospers. The increase of water demand is followed by the increase of wastewater discharge which pollutes rivers and ground water extensively. These rivers, reservoirs and ground water are sources for drinking water and their contamination affects the quality of water supply and other potable water. In Korea there are 776 water treatment plants which supply drinking water from main rivers or reservoirs. Rivers are the biggest water source for drinking water is being contaminated, the innovation of treatment process is needed. The construction and operation of water supply facilities is under the control of the Ministry of Construction and the water supply offices of cities and provinces. However, drinking water quality is under the control of the bureau of sanitation in the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. There are 33 items in drinking water quality standards of Korea. Trihalomethanes, Selenium, Diazinone and other three of pesticides have been included lately, The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is planning to enhance. the level of $VOC_S$(Vola-tile Organic Compounds) standard. Drinking water quality standard is the goal to protect the quality of supply water and ground water. In order to protect the source water from domestic or industrial water, technological improvement and adequate investment should be urgently made. The ultimate goal of drinking water quality is safety and health of consumers. The more stringent the standard are, the better the water quality will be. As the drinking water quality standards become more stringent this year, various and positive solutions by the authorities concerned must be prepared.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1827-1831
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• 1969

Resulties of research on the capacity of ground water of 994 concrete-pipe-wells and 97 infiltration-gallerys in ground-water-developement-works region executed from March to Julyin 1969, in Choong Chung Nam Do, and research on the quality of ground water for 88 wells for home-use around of River Geum Area, are as fellows: (1) Thickness of aquifer is no more than 2.85m averagely even at river-overflowed plain, alluvial plain and valley plain area that are estimated to contain ground water mostly. And so, it is guessed that ground water capacity is not much especially. (2) Soil of aquifer of the above area is sand or gravel and it is estimated to be good for ground water developement and its mean permeability coefficient is bout $2.5{\times}10^{-3}$(m/sec), and its porosity is about 33.9%. (3) The quality of ground water is good for irrigation water exception of delta plain area. Warm water plan is to need for irrigation water when water temperature is less than 19 degrees below zero. (4) Prospect of ground water developement, judging from quality and quantity, expects to lay infiltration gallery under the ground at river bed in order to utilize under-flow-water of river bed, river-overflowed plain, alluvial plain and valley plain that ground level is less than 50m. (5) Collectable water volume of under-flow-water of river bed is about 450 to $750m^3/day$ to be able to irrigate 3ha to 5ha of the cultivated land in case that infiltration gallery length is 50m and its depth is about 5m. (6) Collectable water volume at river-overflowed plain, alluvial plain and valley plain area, is estimated $150m^3/day$ to be able to irrigated 1ha of the cultivated land.

• Proceedings of the KSEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.235-248
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• 2002

Ground water development skill growth and life circumstances improvement increase ground water use. So managerial difficulties and various problems about ground water occur. Poor ground water management organization, lack of management person, thoughtless development add ground water pollution and lack of water volume. And local excessive developments or abandoned well occur. This paper presents ground water management system model making use of GIS and helps effective management by realizing necessary analysis functions in ground water management system and ground management methods. Local information of ground water recorded and development data, site examination data made D/B. And linearment analysis data making use of a satellite image data, hydraulic test data, the quality of water examination data, these local characteristic values made out thematic maps and making use of these data can form elementary data of ground water modeling It makes easy to understand environmental development conditions and pollution source conditions about new ground water development location, linearment growth, DRASTIC, the quality of water examination. Ground water management system making use of these functions can choose right location of ground water.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.382-393
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• 2000

The principal indicators contributing to water qualities was screened by factor analyses, based on the monitored chemical parameters of water quality for various water resources from 1995 to 1999 in the small agricultural catchments of the Han River Basin. Water samples of streams, groundwaters, and reservoirs were taken four times a year from upper (Daegwanryong), middle (Dunnae and Chunchon) and lower (Guri) reaches of Han River Basin. In these areas, the respective type of farming practiced was alpine agriculture and livestocks raising, typical upland and paddy cultivation, and intensive cropping in the plastic film house. Water quality was monitored for twenty-one water quality parameters, including pH, EC, SS, T-N, T-P, COD, cations, anions, and heavy metals. pH, EC and COD of the stream waters were suitable for the Korea irrigation water quality guidelines. However, T-N and T-P concentrations of water samples in four catchments far exceeded the irrigation water guideline. Concentrations of canons and heavy metals in Wangsuk stream in Guri area were higher than those in streams in other areas. Factor analysis revealed that significant correlation was observed for 81 pairs out of 231 water quality indicators of stream water among the $21\;{\times}\;21$ cross correlation matrix of stream water quality indicators. The first factor accounted for 27.01% of the total variation in stream water quality indicators, and high positive factor loadings were shown on EC, K, Na, $NH_4\;^+-N$, $PO_4\;^{3-}$, $SO_4\;^{2-}$, and COD. Fifty-three water quality indicator pairs were significant out of 190 ground water quality parameters. The first factor accounted for 28.54% of the total variation in ground water quality indicators, and high loadings were revealed on EC, Ca, Mg, K, Na, $NH_4\;^+-N$, and $SO_4$. Twenty-nine pairs of reservoir water quality indicators were significant out of 66 pairs. The first factor accounted for 37.06% of the total variation in reservoir water quality indicators, and high loadings were shown on EC, Mg, K, Na, SS, T-P, Cl, and COD. These results demonstrate that EC was the first factor contributing to water quality.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 1999

This study was performed to suggest the basic data and plans for the establishment of safe water supply plans in simple water supply piped system in the rural areas. In 4 different places, 24 points of water sources 36 points of taps from water sources were sampled. Of the whole 60 points, 55 points were ground water and 5 points were surface water. 14 items were measured for the analysis of water quality on each samples. The measured items were analyzed again by statistical method ; cluster analysis and principle components analysis. The results of this study are as followed. 1) In water quality analysis on water sources, 4 items, bacteria, E.coli, NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. Of 24 points, 20 points(83%) on bacteria, 1 point(4%) on NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. 2) In water quality analysis on near and remote taps, 4 items, bacteria, E.coli, NH3-N and Fe , exceed the standard. Of 36 points, 20 points (81%) on bactria, 1 pint(3%) on NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. 3)Cluster analysis on water quality shows the differences by the kinds of water sources, geographical characteristics and distance from water sources. 4) Principle components analysis on ground water shows that Factor 1 and Factor 3 are natural fluctuation by the content of soil. Also, Factor 2 and Factor 4 are penetration of pollutants to underground. Therefore, it is needed to take deeper ground water in order to prevent from pollution in the areas which have ground water as water source . 5) Principle components analysis on surface water shows that Factor 1 is penetration of vacteria from surface to water source when rainfalls. Also, Factor 2 is fluctuation of water quality by the geographical characteristics. Therefore, the counterplans against non-point pollution source must be taken. Filtration and disinfection facilities are needed in the areas which have surface water as water source.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2002

A study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in water quality of watershed in the Agricultural Environment Promotion Zone. Samples collected were 12 GW (ground water), 2 IW (irrigation water), 2 SW (stream water) in An-Dong City, 4 GW, 6 IW, 11 SW in Young-Yang Gun, and sampling was conducted separately during dry and rainy season. In the ground water, EC and ionic species, except pH, were higher than those in stream water, and especially $NO_3-N$ concentration exceeded the limitation of drinking water. Concentration of ions decreased as the sampling depth was far from the soil surface. During a rainy season, the concentrations of $NO_3-N$ and K in the stream water were slightly higher than those during season. COD was lower during dry season in Yong-Yang, while the trend was contrasted to An-Dong. These results suggest that ground water was polluted by fertilization and compost while streamwater was polluted by loss of soil and organic during the rainy season. Principal chemical components related with changing water quality were EC, $NO_3^-$, Ca, Mg, Na, $Cl^-$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^-$ in ground water, whereas $NH_4-N$, K, Mg, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^-$ in stream water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.28-44
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• 1993

Remediation actions in uncontrolled landfill site should be conducted after the investigation of contamination status and potential health risk or damage. Based on the above, proper control measures should be established and operated. Also continuous monitoring should be followed. In this study, the status of ground water contamination around Nanji Landfill Site was investigated. Monitoring wells were installed around the landfill and ground water was sampled once a month and analyzed. Water quality of each monitoring well was different depending on the horizontal and vertical distance from the landfill, and the seasonal leachate characteristics were not significantly changed because percolating water stayed long time in the deep waste layer. It was predicted that major multivalent cations were mainly precipitated as metal carbonate form, and chemical mass balances (CMBs) could be applied for the apportionment of leachate contamination to ground water quality of surrounding areas of Nanji Landfill. Parameters required to estimate pollutant flux to the receptor near landfill were listed and discussion to get these parameters was made. Finally, based on the above data, control measures of ground water contamination were suggested and discussed.