• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2016

This study is a basic research to suggest user-centered healthcare environmental color, which aims to analyze tendency of color consciousness and preference depending on the user characteristics (generation, gender, residential area, and environment). For this purpose, this study constructed an analysis tool through the literature review with regard to environmental color of healthcare facility and influential factors of color preference. Besides, an online survey regarding general usage and satisfaction, health related color consciousness, and color preference tendency of healthcare facility was conducted targeting from 20s to 60s, total 1,500 persons. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The usage and satisfaction of healthcare facilities were higher for older generation and accessible urban area. (2) The respondents were aware that color and health are related, recognizing 'green' as healthy and stress relieving color. Besides, 'natural' and 'clear' was the highest in health related color image. 'Light' which relates to vitality was high as well for older generation. (3) In the color preference tendency survey, hue PB was generally the most highly preferred, in details, younger generation preferred B and R while older generation preferred G. The survey also showed high value and chroma were preferred, while female and younger generation preferred high value of 9.0 and low chroma close to achromatic color, which presented older generation preferred vivid color.

• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2020

Hospital architecture must be planned as a therapeutic space. Numerous studies have proven that exposure to nature has a healing effect. However, research on the architecture itself about this issue is still insufficient. This study analyzed Le Corbusier's Venice hospital project and its architectural configurations with nature. Le Corbusier had been interested in blurring the interior/exterior line to draw nature inside. In his projects, nature was conceived in an abstract sense as "something green." However, in the hospital project, natural elements including vegetation, the lagoon, and light, and the landscape scenery they created, were considered in the harmony of the architectural space. The architectural spaces with courtyards, pilotis, and roof gardens provided views and direct access to nature, and in the interior spaces, the connections to these external spaces and the permeation of views of nature and sunlight were incorporated. Many spaces provided the possibility to actually encounter nature, with a variety of indoor/outdoor space configurations rather than a merely passive placing of some natural elements. This project is considered to be an important reference for contemporary hospital architecture, since the architectural space and nature connected through various spatial configurations also in healthcare programs. As Le Corbusier emphasized, sunlight, vegetation, and also architectural space should be an essential factor in therapeutic hospital architecture planning.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2011

This study was carried out in order to reduce the amount of underground water which is used in the double layered single span plastic greenhouse for retaining heat. For this research, two plastic green houses of the double layered single span plastic greenhouse were installed. There was equipped of internal small tunnel for keeping warm air in the interior of the house. Then the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air was fitted with PVC duct of 50 cm in diameter filled with subsurface water. The surplus solar energy in the greenhouse was stored in the water in the PVC duct. Four FCUs (Fan Coil Unit), which has the capacity of 8,000 kcal per hour, were installed in the middle of the house, and a circulation motor in heat storage water tank was operated from 10:30 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. in order to circulate water between the water tank and the FCUs. Consequently about 5 degrees celsius could be maintained in the interior of the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air with the external temperature of lower than minus 5 degrees celsius. It appeared that the alteration of an internal temperature of the house was flexible depending on the sunlight during daytime. To prevent the water freezing, mixing antifreezing liquid in the water or operating FCU continuously was needed. Also, in order to use the surplus solar thermal energy on plastic green house of water curtain system efficiently, storing the surplus heat during daytime simultaneously finding a method of using water curtain systematic underground water happened to be important. As a result of this research, when the house's interior temperature is below zero the operation of FCU appeared to be impossible. Considering the amount of water used in the house with water-curtain-heating system is 150~200 ton per day, using the system mentioned in this research showed that reducing the underground water more than 80% in order to maintain the internal temperature as the level of 5 degree celsius at the extreme temperature of minus 5 degrees celsius.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to figure out the preference features on design components of shop facade on the basis of the questionnaire survey on short-term memory and sensory memory of human right after an image experiment. As for a preceding research, this study examined the design features of facade into tangible elements and intangible elements, and also classified them into physical, aesthetical, marketing and symbolic components in detail. And, it extracted 5 representative elements in preceding studies including shape, material, pattern, color and sign, which is the standard of a questionnaire survey and preference analysis. The subjects of the experiment were 30 men and women who were over 20 years old majoring interior design. They were exposed to 20 images with 10 seconds respectively through a video, and were asked to respond the questionnaire promptly. The findings of preference analysis of design components of facade including shape, material, pattern, color and sign are as follows. Firstly, shape was the most interesting and attracting component, and designs applied with shape of objects such as 'web', 'drawer', 'wheel' and 'button' obtained high preference. Secondly, as for material, block, steel, exposed concrete board attracted higher preference as memorable materials than other materials. Material was affected by shape, pattern and color. Thirdly, pattern was the most lasting element. Designed pattern had higher preference than simple pattern. Fourthly, as for color, red and green with strong stimulation and attention attained priority having long lasting memory. Fifthly, when visiting a shop, sign out of 5 elements of shape, material, pattern, color and sign drew attention the most. As for the preference of location of sign, 'center top' was the most noticeable. The findings of this study could be utilized for facade design, and also could be used for commercialization considering highly preferred components, and top preference aspects of such elements. advised that to give an impression to customers is important to make a successful design for sales marketing, which, in turn, would lead customers to revisit the shop.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.284-292
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• 2009

The stack-effect in high-rise buildings in winter causes many problems such as difficulties in opening or closing doors, infiltration, energy loss, noise and fire protection. Stack effect is influenced by temperature difference between the interior and exterior of building and the height of building. As an attenuation method for stack effect, the architectural methods are generally used. However, as though architectural methods were fully adopted, the problems are reported as ever in tall building. In this study, a new method to reduce stack effect will be suggested. As an active control method against the stack effect, E/V shaft natural cooling method is suggested. In this paper, the concept of E/V shaft natural cooling system and its reduction performance of stack effect by simulation and field measurement will be reported.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

An attempt has been made here to study the propagation of SH-type surface waves in an elastic medium, which is initially stressed and heterogeneous and has a point source inside the medium. The upper portion of the composite medium is a sandy layer. It is situated on an initially stressed heterogeneous half-space, whose density, rigidity and internal friction are function of depth. The analysis has been carried out by using Fourier transform and Green's function approach. The phase velocity has been investigated for several particular situations. It has been shown that the results of the study agree with those the case of Love wave propagation in a homogeneous medium in the absence of the sandy layer, when the initial stress is absent. In order to illustrate the validity of the analysis presented here, the derived analytical expression has been computed numerically, by considering an illustrative example and the variances of the concerned physical variables have been presented graphically. It is observed that the velocity of shear wave is amply influenced by the initial stress and heterogeneity parameters and the presence of the sandy layer. The study has an important bearing on investigations of different problems in the earth's interior and also in seismological studies.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1995

This paper is concerned with the design of optimal surface heating patterns that result in focusing acoustic energy inside a subsurface target volume at a specified target time. The surface of the solid is heated by an incident laser beam which gives rise to shear and compressional waves propagating into the solid. The optimal heating design process aims to achieve the desired energy focusing at the target with minimal laser power densities and minimal system disturbance away from the target. The optimality conditions are secured via the conjugated gradient method and by the finite element method along with using the half-space Green's function matrix. Good quality energy focusing is achived with the optimal designs reflecting the high directivity of the photothermally generated shear wave patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.131-132
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• 2023

Recently, the construction industry has seen the emergence of interior and exterior finishes using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and colored concrete products using precast concrete (PC). However, the excessive amount of pigment used for coloring reduces the strength of the concrete. There is a need to improve the durability and chromaticity of colored concrete, and further analytical studies on the properties of colored concrete are also required. Therefore, in this paper, colored ultra-high strength cement composites (C-UHSCC) containing red and green inorganic pigments were prepared, and the compressive strength and color of the specimens were measured according to the age, and the correlation between strength and color was analyzed by simple linear regression analysis using R² value. The results showed that the red color was highly correlated with L^* and a^*, and the green color was highly correlated with a^*. These results can be considered for various concrete formulations, but research is needed to suggest the optimal pigment mixing ratio for proper strength and color development.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.257-266
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• 2024

Due to seismically deficient details, existing reinforced concrete structures have low lateral resistance capacities. Since these building structures suffer an increase in axial loads to the main structural element due to the green retrofit (e.g., energy equipment/device, roof garden) for CO₂ reduction and vertical extension, building capacities are reduced. This paper proposes a machine-learning-based methodology for allowable ranges of axial loading ratio to reinforced concrete columns using simple structural details. The methodology consists of a two-step procedure: (1) a machine-learning-based failure detection model and (2) column damage limits proposed by previous researchers. To demonstrate this proposed method, the existing building structure built in the 1990s was selected, and the allowable range for the target structure was computed for exterior and interior columns.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.593-604
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• 2011

This study examines potential growth and different perspectives on green-walls, which are being re-evaluated recently. The aim is to identify the viewer preferences concerning the walls by collecting a wide spectrum of information to create an interior design related comprehensive and intellectual database. Also based on this proposition, choosing a green surface of indoor wall as a specific example stimulus, identifying a relationship betweeationsviewer's preference factors. The relationship will formulate detailed and absolute qualities, which will reach potential areas that the green walls can be widely applied in. As a result of a factor analysis, the viewers classified into the 3 factors as is pleasant, gorgeous and rich about the stimulus. Preferred key factors, which are closely related to emotional image language, were; cool, tidy, comfortable and beautiful. The common factors in preferred design stimulus, in order of importance are color>elements>image/form/plants. Specific levels of design factors according to relevance are contrast>furniture> modern>central/creeper foliage plants. In the meantime, this study is leading the process of quantitative measurement of green-walls to a new design direction and it is critical to consistently experimenting to back up the theory with solid evidence.