• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2017

본 연구는 젖산균 첨가제 접종이 억새 사일리지 사료가치, 품질 및 미생물상의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 억새 사일리지의 사료가치는 젖산균 첨가제 접종구와 무접종구간에 크게 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 억새 사일리지의 젖산함량은 젖산균 첨가제 접종구가 현저하게 높은 경향을 보였으나(p<0.05) 초산은 젖산균 첨가제 접종구가 약간 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그리고 억새 사일리지의 젖산균 수는 무접종구에 비해 젖산균 첨가제 접종구에서 현저하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 야생 억새 사일리지 제조시 젖산균 첨가제 접종에 의해 사일리지의 품질이 향상되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.332-336
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• 2017

본 연구는 젖산균 첨가제 처리가 호밀 사일리지 사료가치, 품질 및 미생물상의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 호밀 사일리지의 사료가치는 젖산균 첨가제 처리와 무처리구간에 크게 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 호밀 사일리지의 젖산함량은 젖산균 첨가제 처리구가 현저하게 높은 경향을 보였으나(p<0.05) 초산은 젖산균 첨가제 접종구가 약간 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그리고 호밀 사일리지의 젖산균 수는 무접종구에 비해 젖산균 첨가제 접종구에서 현저하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 호밀 사일리지 제조시 젖산균 첨가제 접종에 의해 사일리지의 품질이 향상되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.788-796
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• 2017

Objective: In order to improve fermentation quality of natural grasses, their silage preparation and fermentation quality in meadow steppe (MS) and typical steppe (TS) were studied. Methods: The small-scale silages and round bale silages of mixed natural grasses in both steppes were prepared using the commercial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants Chikuso-1 (CH, Lactobacillus plantarum) and cellulase enzyme (AC, Acremonium cellulase) as additives. Results: MS and TS contained 33 and 9 species of natural grasses, respectively. Stipa baicalensis in MS and Stipa grandi in TS were the dominant grasses with the highest dry matter (DM) yield. The crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber and water-soluble carbohydrate of the mixed natural grasses in both steppes were 8.02% to 9.03%, 66.75% to 69.47%, and 2.02% to 2.20% on a DM basis, respectively. All silages treated with LAB and cellulase were well preserved with lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia-N content, and higher lactic acid and CP content than those of control in four kinds of silages. Compared with CH- or AC-treated silages, the CH+ AC-treated silages had higher lactic acid content. Conclusion: The results confirmed that combination with LAB and cellulase may result in beneficial effects by improving the natural grass silage fermentation in both grasslands.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2018

Cold, salt and heat are the most critical factors that restrict full genetic potential, growth and development of crops globally. However, clarification of genes expression and regulation is a fundamental approach to understanding the adaptive response of plants under unfavorable environments. In this study, we applied an annealing control primer (ACP) based on the GeneFishing approach to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Italian ryegrass (cv. Kowinearly) leaves under cold, salt and heat stresses. Two-week-old seedlings were exposed to cold ($4^{\circ}C$), salt (NaCl 200 mM) and heat ($42^{\circ}C$) treatments for six hours. A total 8 differentially expressed genes were isolated from ryegrass leaves. These genes were sequenced then identified and validated using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. We identified several promising genes encoding light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein, alpha-glactosidase b, chromosome 3B, elongation factor 1-alpha, FLbaf106f03, Lolium multiflorum plastid, complete genome, translation initiation factor SUI1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. These genes were potentially involved in photosynthesis, plant development, protein synthesis and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. However, this study provides new insight regarding molecular information about several genes in response to multiple abiotic stresses. Additionally, these genes may be useful for enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance in fodder crops as well a crop improvement under unfavorable environmental conditions.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

In vitro culture and radiation techniques were used for obtaining mutants tin tall fescue. Endophyte free and friendly tall fescue cultivars Kentucky-31 and Jesup were used for induction of genetic variability through in-vitro mutagenesis. Mature seeds was used for callus induction on 6 mg/L 2,4-D. Actively growing and compact callus was treated with three different doses of gamma rays (10 Gy, 30 Gy and 50 Gy). Maximum proliferation and plantlets regeneration growth was observed in control and minimum at 10 Gy. Furthermore, the maximum number of tiller in the irradiated population was observed in 10 Gy. The treatments 30 Gy and 50 Gy exhibited negative impact on the tillering potential of the tall fescue plant. The object of this study was to develop protocols for mutation breeding in tall fescue through radiation techniques.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2002

중국측 백두산의 청석봉 서쪽사면에 발달한 고산초원(고산툰드라)의 식생을 표고에 따라 조사하였다. 고산초원에서 자생하는 식물은 30종, 2아종, 3변종이었다. 표고 1,800m에서 2,l00m 사이에는 총 25종의 식물이 출현하였으며 화살곰취, 박새, 꿩의 다리의 피도계급이 높았다. 2,l00m에서 2,l00m 사이에서는 총 29종의 식물이 출현하였으며 들쭉나무와 노랑만병초가, 2,l00m에서 2,600m까지는 총 21종의 식물이 출현하였으며 노랑만병초의 피도계급이 가장 높았다. 본 조사지역에서 자생하는 식물의 생활형은 총 35종 중에서 지표식물 7종, 반지중식물 27종, 지중식물 1종이었다. 개화한 식물은 총 19종이며 화살곰취, 박새, 꿩의 다리, 금매화, 애기금매화, 개감채는 개화절정기였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2015

An experiment was carried out to determine the homofermentative activity of Lactobacillus plantarum KCC-10 and KCC-19 on the ensiling of whole crop barley (WCB). The crude protein in the silages was slightly higher in the KCC-10 and KCC-19 treatments compared to the control, but there was no significant difference between the two inoculant-treated silages. Nutrient parameters such as acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility in L. plantarum KCC-10 and KCC-19 treated silages did not differ from those in the control silage. The lactic acid content increased in KCC-10 and KCC-19 treated silage when compared with the control silage but the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid produced in KCC-10 and KCC-19 treated silages were similar with the control silage. Further, the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in KCC-10 treated silage demonstrated a significant increase when compared to the control. Especially, KCC-19 treated silage showed greater lactic acid bacterial growth potential. Other microbes such as yeast and fungi were not detected in KCC-10 and KCC-19 treated WCB silages. Hence, this study suggests that the addition of L. Plantarum KCC-10 and KCC-19 to the WCB silage can improve fermentation quality for the production of high-quality silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

The present study analyzes the role of Lactic Acid Bacteria Mixture (LBM) on improving rye silage quality. Rye of four different stages (Booting, Heading, Flowering, and Late flowering) was collected and silage was prepared. The nutrient profile analysis of experimental silage groups showed no significant changes between control and LBM inoculation. Interestingly, the pH of rye silage in LBM treatments showed significant reduction than control (p<0.05) in all stages of rye silage. However, lowest pH (3.69) resulted on booting stage among other stages of rye. Subsequently significant lactic acid production was noted in all stages of LBM inoculation than control. Conversely maximum lactic acid production of (5.33%DM) was noted at booting stage followed by (4.86%DM) in heading stage. Further the lactic acid bacterial (LAB) count in LBM inoculated group showed significant increase than control. Similarly, the silage of booting stage group registered maximum LAB population ($63.7{\times}10^6CFU/g$) after that heading stage ($32.3{\times}10^6CFU/g$). Further significant reduction in yeast growth and no fungal growth was noted in all LPM treatment groups. Hence, LBM inoculants could be a better additive for improving rye silage quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.815-825
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• 2019

Objective: To effectively use corn stover resources as animal feed, the changes in microbial population and chemical composition of corn stover during field exposure, and their silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility were studied. Methods: Corn cultivars (Jintian, Jinnuo, and Xianyu) stovers from 4 random sections of the field were harvested at the preliminary dough stage of maturity on September 2, 2015. The corn stover exposed in the field for 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 d, and their silages at 60 d of ensiling were used for the analysis of microbial population, chemical composition, fermentation quality, and in vitro digestibility. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized $3{\times}6$ [corn stover cultivar $(C){\times}exposure$ d (D)] factorial treatment design. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS ver. 9.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Aerobic bacteria were dominant population in fresh corn stover. After ensiling, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) became the dominant bacteria, while other microbes decreased or dropped below the detection level. The crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) for fresh stover were 6.74% to 9.51% and 11.75% to 13.21% on a dry matter basis, respectively. After exposure, the CP and WSC contents decreased greatly. Fresh stover had a relatively low dry matter while high WSC content and LAB counts, producing silage of good quality, but the dry stover did not. Silage fermentation inhibited nutrient loss and improved the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility. Conclusion: The results confirm that fresh corn stover has good ensiling characteristics and that it can produce silage of good quality.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2022

Fescues, which are widely cultivated as grasses and forages around the world, are often naturally infected with the endophyte, Epichloë. This fungus, transmitted through seeds, imparts resistance to drying and herbivorous insects in its host without causing any external damage, thereby contributing to the adaptation of the host to the environment and maintaining a symbiosis. However, some endophytes, such as E. coenophialum synthesize ergovaline or lolitrem B, which accumulate in the plant and impart anti-mammalian properties. For example, when livestock consume excessive amounts of grass containing toxic endophytes, problems associated with neuromuscular abnormalities, such as convulsions, paralysis, high fever, decreased milk production, reproductive disorders, and even death, can occur. Therefore, pre-inoculation with non-toxic endogenous fungi or management with endophyte-free grass is important in preventing damage to livestock and producing high-quality forage. To date, the diagnosis of endophytes has been mainly performed by observation under a microscope following staining, or by performing an immune blot assay using a monoclonal antibody. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic method is gaining importance in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and healthcare given the method's advantages. These include faster results, with greater accuracy and sensitivity than those obtained using conventional diagnostic methods. For the diagnosis of endophytes, the nested PCR method is the only available option developed; however, it is limited by the fact that the level of toxic alkaloid synthesis cannot be estimated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a triplex real-time PCR diagnostic method that can determine the presence or absence of endophyte infection using DNA extracted from seeds within 1 h, while simultaneously detecting easD and LtmC genes, which are related to toxic alkaloid synthesis. This new method was then also applied to real field samples.