• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2015

This paper reports the effect of a refractory crucible type on the microstructure of duplex stainless steel (DSS) cast with the addition of gadolinium using air-induction melting. Grade 4A DSSs with 1 wt% of gadolinium (Gd) were fabricated in various crucibles including alumina ($Al_2O_3$), magnesia (MgO), calcia (CaO) coated with yttria ($Y_2O_3$) and graphite. The standard free energies of the formation of calcium and yttrium oxide were lower than those of gadolinium oxide and other crucible elements based oxide. The yield of Gd in DSS using $Al_2O_3$, MgO, CaO-coated $Y_2O_3$ and graphite was 5, 19, 83 and 96%, respectively. As Gd yield increased, the amount of Gd-based inclusions increased, the size of the inclusions were reduced, and the inclusions became evenly distributed.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2014

This paper reports the effect of adding reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a conductive material to the composition of an electrode for capacitive deionization (CDI), a process to remove salt from water using ionic adsorption and desorption driven by external applied voltage. RGO can be synthesized in an inexpensive way by the reduction and exfoliation of GO, and removing the oxygen-containing groups and recovering a conjugated structure. GO powder can be obtained from the modification of Hummers method and reduced into RGO using a thermal method. The physical and electrochemical characteristics of RGO material were evaluated and its desalination performance was tested with a CDI unit cell with a potentiostat and conductivity meter, by varying the applied voltage and feed rate of the salt solution. The performance of RGO was compared to graphite as a conductive material in a CDI electrode. The result showed RGO can increase the capacitance, reduce the equivalent series resistance, and improve the electrosorption capacity of CDI electrode.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2011

Hummers와 Offeman 방법을 이용하여 흑연으로부터 graphene oxide(GO)를 합성하였다. Hydrazine hydrate를 사용하여 GO를 환원시켜 reduced graphene oxide (RGO)를 합성하였으며, 말단에 amine이 치환된 유기화제를 사용하여 관능기화 그래핀을 합성하였다. 합성된 GO, RGO, 그리고 관능기화 그래핀의 구조를 확인하기 위하여 FTIR과 $^{13}C$ NMR를 이용하였다. 합성된 시료들의 안정성, 모폴로지 및 다양한 유기용매 내에서의 분산도를 각각 조사하였다. AFM 사진으로부터 GO와 RGO는 한층 또는 두층 두께의 그래핀으로 이루어졌으며, 관능기화 그래핀들의 평균두께는 약 2.26~3.30 nm임을 알았다. 관능기화 그래핀들의 열 안정성은 RGO보다 낮았다. 관능기화 그래핀들은 용액상태에서 흑연의 특성 피크가 관찰되지 않는 것으로 보아 클로로포름과 톨루엔에 좋은 분산성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2007

전기화학적으로 용량이 큰 활물질을 얻기 위한 수단으로 니들 코크스를 $NaClO_3$과 70 wt%의 $HNO_3$으로 구성된 수용액을 이용하여 산화처리를 하였다. $NaClO_3$/니들 코크스의 질량비가 7.5배인 수용액에서 산화 처리한 결과, 니들 코크스는 산화흑연 구조로 상변이가 일어나고, 또한 산소의 함유량의 증가와 함께 층간거리는 $6.9{\AA}$으로 확대되었다. 한편, 산화 니들 코크스의 전기이중층 커패시터용 분극 전극으로서의 전기화학적 특성은 acetonitrile의 용매에 각각 1.2 M의 TEABF4 (tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate)와 $TEABF_4$ (triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate)의 전해질이 함유된 유기용액을 각각 사용하여 조사하였다. 1.2 M $TEABF_4$/acetonitrile의 전해액을 사용한 커패시터 셀은 1.2 M $TEABF_4$/acetonitrile의 전해액을 사용한 커패시터 셀에 비해 전극저항은 $0.05{\Omega}$로 낮았고, 2 전극 기준으로 0~2.5 V에서 측정한 용량 및 부피 당 용량은 32.0 F/g와 25.5 F/mL으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 이러한 전기화학적 거동을 천연흑연 구조에서의 층간 거리와 전해질의 양이온 크기와의 상관관계로 논의하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.181-187
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• 1995

The effet of glass fiber and graphite on the wear properies in tin-bronze alloy matrix composites was studied by a pin-on-disk type wear testing machine. The results obtained from the wear test were analized by SEM observations of worn surfaces of pins and disks and EPMA composition measurments. The amount of wear was devreased as increasing the content of glass fiber in matrix, since the alloy matrix was reinforced by glass fibers. The wear mechanism of the matrix specimen without glass fibers was proved as the contact area delamination. Oxide layer formed on sliding surface led to the increasing wear resistance. Specimens containing graphite particles showed an lubrication effect to counter disks.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2012

Graphene oxide, which is exfoliated by oxidant from graphite, is the material for solving the problem of mass production and positioning. We made graphene oxide based devices by dielectrophoresis, studied and controlled factors which can affect the characteristic of graphene oxide channel. Graphene oxide channel assembled by dielectrophoresis can be constructed differently by various frequency options. We confirmed the change of gate characteristics and I-V characteristics in the range from 80K to 300K temperature.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2013

In this paper we are presenting a architecture of Co ion decorated graphene oxide as an electrode for supercapacitor application. Graphene oxide, which is exfoliated by oxidant from graphite, is the material for solving the problem of mass production and coating on the surface of working electrode. The $Co^{2+}$ ions are coated by using layer by layer(LBL) method on graphene oxide foam. The metal ion decorated graphene oxide shows enhanced capacitance performance when tested as supercapacitor electrode, showing the specific capacitance of $827Fg^{-1}$.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.600-605
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• 2022

V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ 촉매를 담지하여 그래핀(graphene) 기반 세라믹필터를 제조하였으며, 이를 활용하여 질소산화물(NO_x)의 제거실험을 수행하였다. 산화그래핀(graphene oxide, GO)은 흑연(graphite)을 이용하여 Hummer's method에 의해 제조하였고 환원제로 히드라진(N2H4)을 통해 환원 산화그래핀(reduced graphene oxide, rGO)을 제조하였다. 제조된 그래핀을 세라믹필터 표면에 유-무기 하이브리드 원리를 이용하여 코팅하였으며, 여기에 광촉매물질을 담지하였다. 광촉매물질은 바나듐(V), 텅스텐(W), 티타늄(Ti)를 사용하여 sol-gel법에 의해 코팅 후 350 ℃ 소성 공정을 통하여 광촉매담지 세라믹필터를 제조하였다. UV광을 제조된 필터에 조사하여 NO_x의 제거 실험을 수행하였으며, NO_x의 제거 효율은 기존의 세라믹필터보다 GO 및 rGO가 코팅된 경우가 우수하였다. 이는 코팅된 그래핀에 의한 흡착성의 향상 때문으로 판단되며, 그래핀의 농도가 증가함에 따라 보다 높은 NO_x의 제거효율을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2015

Transition metal oxide nanocrystalline materials are playing major role in energy storage application in this scenario. Nickel oxide is one of the best antiferromagnetic materials which is used as electrodes in energy storage devices such as, fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical capacitors, etc. In this research work, nickel oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion route in presence of organic fuels such as, glycine, glucose and and urea. The prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles were calcined at 600℃ for 3 h to get phase pure materials. The calcined nanoparticles were preliminarily characterized by XRD, particle size analysis, SEM and EDAX. To prepare nickel oxide electrode materials for application in supercapacitors, the calcined NiO nanoparticles were mixed with di-methyl-acetamide and few drops of nafion solution for 12 to 16 h. The above slurry was coated in the graphite sheet and dried at 50℃ for 2 to 4 h in a hot air oven to remove organic solvent. The dried sample was subjected to electrochemical studies, such as cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance analysis and chrono-coulometry studies in KOH electrolyte medium. From the above studies, it was found that nickel oxide nanoparticles prepared by combustion synthesis using glucose as a fuel exhibited resulted in low particle diameter (42.23 nm). All the nickel oxide electrodes have shown better good capacitance values suitable for electrochemical capacitor applications.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.175.2-175.2
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• 2014

Graphene (G) has been modified with palladium, copper, and manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs), and their catalytic applications have been studied in C-C coupling reactions and methylmercaptan (CH3SH) decomposition reactions. In this research, graphite oxide (GO) sheets were exfoliated and oxidized from graphite powder and impregnated with metal precursors including Pd2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+. The thermal treatments of the metal impregnated GO in preferred gas environments produced Pd NPs on graphene (Pd/G), PdO NPs on GO (PdO/GO), and CuOx and MnOx NPs on graphene (CuOx/MnOx/G). In case of Pd/G and PdO/GO, the TEM images show that, although the mean size of the Pd NPs changed significantly before and after the C-C coupling reaction, that of the PdO NPs didn't, implying that the PdO/GO was superior to Pd/G in terms of the recyclability. Also, we demonstrate that the CuOx/MnOx/G exerts the excellent catalytic efficiency in CH3SH decomposition reaction comparing with conventional catalysts. The chemical and electronic structural changes were investigated using XRD and XPS.