• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2019

This study examines the problem of incorrect usage of grammatical terms that are quite common in English grammar teaching process and suggests ways to revise and improve the errors. Parts of speech and sentence elements are indispensable for any grammatical explanation. These grammatical terms are a core part of the grammar, but they are frequently used without being verified correctly and interchangeably with no distinction. These terms refer to different things, and when they are used interchangeably, they cause confusion in the establishment of grammar cognition. In result, there is a crucial need to discuss and improve the definitions of the grammatical terms defined in the English teaching process for proper improvement in effective English education.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.74-82
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide a multi-modular account of double accusative constructions in Korean in the framework of Autolexical Grammar. The grammar views syntactic, semantic, and morphological structures of sentences as modules which are generated simultaneously and independently. Unlike syntactocentric theories, this paper analyzes semantic characteristics of double accusatives through function-argument (F/A) structure along with roles structure (RS) and information structure (IS). In F/A structure of double accusatives, the first accusative becomes an argument of a predicate, unlike the possessive, which is an argument of a relational noun. Furthermore, the first accusative of double accusatives takes the role of patient in RS, which allows it to become the subject of a passive sentence. On the other hand, the second accusative, which is originally the possessee, becomes a focal area in IS. Therefore, the purpose of double accusatives is twofold: one is to turn the possessor into an independent argument of a predicate which takes patient role, and the other is to turn the possessee into a focus. Such semantic characteristics of double accusatives can be expressed by means of multi-dimensional structures of F/A structure, RS, and IS of Autolexical Grammar, which allows an integrated account of the phenomenon.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to test whether or not the AI chatbot is effective in acquiring target grammar for Korean EFL college students: prepositions and articles. A quasi-experiment was conducted with 46 first-year students taking part in a required English course. They were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental and control groups (23 students for each, respectively). The experimental group was engaged in six chat sessions with a chatbot over 6 weeks. A pretest and a posttest were used to examine the effectiveness of the chatbot by comparing any changes made in error frequencies of the target grammar in participants' English compositions. The results show that after a conversation with the chatbot, the experimental group significantly reduced the mean of omission errors in both prepositions and articles. To have a great effect in other error categories, chatbot feedback needs to be improved to reduce short responses or inaccurate utterances of students and induce them to actively participate in the conversation.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.291-309
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• 2005

It hasn't been long time since English language was introduced in Korea. At the end of the 18th century the importance of the way of using English properly started to be recognized as Chosun (former country in Korean peninsula) began to conclude a treaty with foreign countries. A lot of Koreans could learn the western culture by the acquired knowledge of English. One of the main factors opening the secluded nation to the world was the member of missionary from outside of Korea. As the number of missionaries increased those who already came to Korea found the necessity of wiring a sort of guidebook of Korean language for the newly dispatched missionaries. The book $\ulcorner$Korean English Grammar$\lrcorner$(written by Horace Grant Underwood in 1890), was the first one that linguistically compared the part of speech and the clausal structures of Korean and English. The revised one of the same book was written by the son, Horace Horton Underwood, in 1914. The revised one newly included the phonetic aspect of Korean language. In this paper the phonetic part of the book will be considered carefully in order to find how recent phonetic methodology has been applied to account for the Korean phonetic features.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Korean grammar checkers typically detect context-dependent errors by employing heuristic rules; these rules are formulated by language experts and consisted of lexical items. Such grammar checkers, unfortunately, show low recall which is detection ratio of errors in the document. In order to resolve this shortcoming, a new error-decision rule-generalization method that utilizes the existing KorLex thesaurus, the Korean version of Princeton WordNet, is proposed. The method extracts noun classes from KorLex and generalizes error-decision rules from them using the Tree Cut Model and information-theory-based MDL (minimum description length).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.411-420
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• 2002

The left-associative grammar model (LAG) has been applied successfully to the morphologic and syntactic analysis of various european and asian languages. The algebraic definition of the LAG is very well suited for the application to natural language processing as it inherently obeys de Saussure's second law (de Saussure, 1913, p. 103) on the linear nature of language, which phrase-structure grammar (PSG) and categorial grammar (CG) do not. This paper describes the so-called Loom-LAGs (LLAG) -a specialization of LAGs for the analysis of natural language. Whereas the only means of language-independent abstraction in ordinary LAG is the principle of possible continuations, LLAGs introduce a set of more detailed language-independent generalizations that form the so-called loom of a Loom-LAG. Every LLAG uses the very smut loom and adds the language-specific information in the form of a declarative description of the language -much like an ancient mechanised Jacquard-loom would take a program-card providing the specific pattern for the cloth to be woven. The linguistic information is formulated declaratively in so-called syntax plans that describe the sequential structure of clauses and phrases. This approach introduces the explicit notion of phrases and sentence structure to LAG without violating de Saussure's second law iud without leaving the ground of the original algebraic definition of LAG, LLAGS can in fact be shown to be just a notational variant of LAG -but one that is much better suited for the manual development of syntax grammars for the robust analysis of free texts.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 2015

Gap parsing is an algorithm for parsing incomplete input strings which include some gaps. Gap parsing is different from conventional parsing, and as known results, one-gap parsing algorithms for arbitrary context-free grammar and LL(1) grammar have $O(n^3)$ and $O(n^2)$ time complexity, respectively. This paper presents a one-gap parsing algorithm for extended PLR(1) grammars. Extended PLR(1) grammars are the class of grammars smaller than LR(1) but much larger than LL(1). The one-gap parsing algorithm of the grammar class is shown to have the time complexity of $O(n^2)$, which is equal to the complexity of one-gap parsing algorithms for LL(1) grammars.

• CELLMED
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2015

Literatures and experimental studies have shown that Prunella has an effect on anti-hypertension, however, its components are complicated, so that it is still difficult to clear the specific roles of its various components in blood pressure regulation in. So we decide to systematically study the anti-hypertension mechanism of Prunella. We integrated multiple databases and constructed molecular interaction network between the chemical constituents of Prunella Vulgaris and hypertension based on entity grammar systems model. The network has 262 nodes and 802 edges. Then we infer the interactions between chemical compositions and disease targets to clarify the anti-hypertension mechanism. Finally, we found Prunella could influence hypertension by regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation, blood vessel development and vasoconstriction, etc. Thus this study provides reference for drug development and compatibility, and also gives guidance for health care at a certain extent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.958-963
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• 2008

Korean language has different structural properties which are controlled by semantic constraints of verbs. Also, most of Korean sentences are complex sentences which consisted of main clause and embedded clause. Therefore it is difficult to describe appropriate syntactic grammar or constraint for the Korean language and the Korean parsing causes various syntactic ambiguities. In this paper, we suggest how to describe CFG-based grammar using sentence patterns as syntactic constraint and solve syntactic ambiguities. To solve this, we classified 44 sentence patterns including complex sentences which have subordinate clause in Korean sentences and used it to reduce syntactic ambiguity. However, it is difficult to solve every syntactic ambiguity using the information of sentence patterns. So, we used semantic markers with semantic constraint. Semantic markers can be used to solve ambiguity by auxiliary particle or comitative case particle.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

In implicit learning tasks, human participants learn grammatical letter strings better than random letter strings. After learning grammatical letter strings, participants were able to judge the grammaticality of new letter strings that they have never seen before. EPAM (Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer) IV, a rote learner without any rule abstraction mechanism, was used to simulate these results. The results showed that EPAM IV with a within-item chunking function was able to learn grammatical letter strings better than random letter strings and discriminate grammatical letter strings from non-grammatical letter strings. The success of EPAM IV in simulating human performance strongly indicated that recognition memory based on chunking plays a critical role in implicit learning.