• 폴리머
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2006

전자선 전조사를 이용하여 PE/PP와 PET 복합섬유 기재에 스티렌을 그래프트 공중합하여 복합양이온 교환 섬유를 합성하였다. 공중합체의 그래프트율은 스티렌 단량체의 농도가 80%일때 123%이었으며 설폰화율은 스티렌 농도 70%에서 3.3 mmol/g 이었으며 그 이후에서는 큰 변화가 없었다. 또한 섬유의 인장강도는 기재에 비해 모두 낮게 나타났으며, 공중합체보다 이온교환 섬유의 인장강도가 최대 $0.206kgf/mm^2$ 로 낮게 나타났다 이온교환 섬유의 칼슘 및 마그네슘 이온에 대한 흡착파과 시간은 pH, 온도가 증가할수록 길어졌으며, 혼합 용액의 경우 단일 용액에 비해 마그네슘의 흡착파과가 늦게 나타났다. 한편 칼슘 및 마그네슘에 대한 반응속도 상수는 각각 0.012, 0.011 L/mg.h 이었으며, 최대 이온교환 흡착용량은 각각 47.06, 42.83 mg/g, 활성화 에너지는 각각 2,169, 1,534 J/mol 이었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

Objective : In order to develop a novel nerve guidance channel using porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) for nerve regeneration, we investigated the possibility of SIS, a tissue consisting of acellular collagen material without cellular immunogenicity, and containing many kinds of growth factors, as a natural material with a new bioactive functionality. Methods : Left sciatic nerves were cut 5 mm in length, in 14 Sprague-Dawley rats. Grafts between the cut nerve ends were performed with a silicone tube (Silicon group, n=7) and rolled porcine SIS (SIS group, n=7). All rats underwent a motor function test and an electromyography (EMG) study on 4 and 10 weeks after grafting. After last EMG studies, the grafts, including proximal and distal nerve segments, were retrieved for histological analysis. Results : Foot ulcers, due to hypesthesia, were fewer in SIS group than in Silicon group. The run time tests for motor function study were 2.67 seconds in Silicon group and 5.92 seconds in SIS group. Rats in SIS group showed a better EMG response for distal motor latency and amplitude than in Silicon group. Histologically, all grafts contained some axons and myelination. However, the number of axons and the degree of myelination were significantly higher in SIS group than Silicon group. Conclusion : These results show that the porcine SIS was an excellent option as a natural biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration since this material contains many kinds of nerve growth factors. Furthermore, it could be used as a biocompatible barrier covering neural tissue.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2006

방사선 동시조사에 의해 폴리올레핀 복합 섬유 표면에 고관능성 아민화 이온교환섬유를 합성하였다. 총 조사선량이 증가할수록 그래프트율도 증가하였으며 GMA 농도 50%에서 그래프트율은 최대 365%로 최대 값을 나타내었다. 또한 그래프트 반응은 극성용매에서 일어나며 Mohr's salt, 황산의 함량 $1.0\times10^{-3}M$, 0.1 M에서 그래프트율은 최대 190% 이었다. 아민화 반응은 아민화제의 종류에 따라 각기 다르게 나타났으며 메틸아민의 경우 반응성이 가장 좋았으며 트리에틸아민의 반응성이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이온교환섬유의 함수율과 이온 교환용량은 아민화율이 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며 비표면적은 그래프트 반응과 아민화 반응이 진행됨에 따라 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2018

Prussian blue is known as a superior material for selective adsorption of radioactive cesium ions; however, the separation of Prussian blue from aqueous suspension, due to particle size of around several tens of nanometers, is a hurdle that must be overcome. Therefore, this study aims to develop granule type adsorbent material containing Prussian blue in order to selectively adsorb and remove radioactive cesium in water. The surface of granular activated carbon was grafted using a covalent organic polymer (COP-19) in order to enhance Prussian blue immobilization. To maximize the degree of immobilization and minimize subsequent detachment of Prussian blue, several immobilization pathways were evaluated. As a result, the highest cesium adsorption performance was achieved when Prussian blue was synthesized in-situ without solid-liquid separation step during synthesis. The sample obtained under optimal conditions was further analyzed by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry, and it was confirmed that Prussian blue, which is about 9.7% of the total weight, was fixed on the surface of the activated carbon; this level of fixing represented a two-fold improvement compared to before COP-19 modification. In addition, an elution test was carried out to evaluate the stability of Prussian blue. Leaching of Prussian blue and cesium decreased by 1/2 and 1/3, respectively, compared to those levels before modification, showing increased stability due to COP-19 grafting. The Prussian blue based adsorbent material developed in this study is expected to be useful as a decontamination material to mitigate the release of radioactive materials.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

Bt-cotton germplasm, consisting of 75 genotypes was evaluated against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) under high inoculum pressure in the field and using graft inoculation in glasshouse by visual symptom scoring assessments. None of the tested genotype was found disease free under both evaluation tests. Under field conditions in 2011, 3 genotypes were found resistant, 4 moderately resistant, 3 tolerant, 2 moderately susceptible and one susceptible; in 2012, 3 genotypes were tolerant, 7 moderately susceptible, 5 susceptible and 38 highly susceptible; in 2013, one was moderately susceptible and 51 were highly susceptible with varying degree of percent disease index (PDI) and severity index (SI). However, through graft evaluation in glasshouse, none of the graft inoculated plant was symptomless. All tested genotypes showed disease symptoms with SI values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, and latent period between 12 and 14 days. Of the 75 genotypes evaluated using graft inoculation, 11 were found susceptible with SI values of 5.0 to 5.4 while remaining 64 were highly susceptible with SI values of 5.5 to 6.0. Inoculated plants of all tested genotypes exhibited severe disease symptoms within 10 days after the appearance of initial symptoms. No reduction in SI value was observed until the end of the experiment i.e., 90 days after grafting. Information generated under the present study clearly demonstrates that no sources of resistance to CLCuD are available among the tested Bt-cotton genotypes. So, a breeding programme is needed to introgress the CLCuD-resistance from other resistant sources to agronomically suitable Bt-cotton genotypes.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.338-344
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• 1998

게나 새우 등의 갑각류의 껍질에서 주로 얻어지는 생체적합성이 뛰어난 천연고분자인 chitosan에 음이온 수용성의 함인계 단량체인 mono(2-methacryloyl oxyethyl) acid phosphate를 그라프트 중합시켜 새로운 유도체인 chitosan-g-MAP을 합성하였다. 그라프트중합에서 개시제로는 ceric ammonium nitrate을 사용하여 개시제의 농도, 단량체의 농도, 반응온도, 반응시간에 따른 그라프트율, 단량체의 그라프트효율 및 단량체의 총전환율의 변화를 조사하여 최적조건을 규명하였다. 그라프트율은 개시제농도 3.5$\times$$10^{-3}$ M, 단량체농도 0.19 M, 반응온도 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 반응시간 4시간이 최적조건 이었다. Chitosan의 유리 아민의 함량과 그라프트된 단량체의 종류에 따른 항균성을 Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum 및 Trichophyton violaceum에 대하여 조사한 결과, pH 5.75에서 가장 우수한 항균능이 발현되고, 항균제의 농도에 따른 영향에서는 변형chitosan은 C. albicans와 T. violaceum에 대하여 100%의 우수한 항균력을 나타낸 반면, 탈아세틸화도가 다른 DA70과 DA-90인 chitosan은 T. rubrum균에 대해서만 변형 chitosan 보다 우수한 항균성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.793-803
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• 2000

Procedures for treatment of molar furcation invasion defects range from open flap debridement, apically repositioned flap surgery, hemisection, tunneling or extraction, to regenerative therapies using bone grafting or guided tissue regenerative therapy, or a combination of both. Several clinical evaluations using regenerative techniques have reported the potential for osseous repair of treated furcation invasions. Regenerative treatment of maxillary molars are more difficult due to the multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances therefore, purpose of this study was to evaluated histologically self-curing glass-ionomer cement and light-curing glass-ionomer cement as a barrier in the treatment of a bi-furcated maxillary premolar. Five adult beagle dogs were used in this experiment. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiosteal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, degree II furcation defect was made on maxillary third(P3), forth(P4) and fifth(P5) premolar. 2 month later experimental group were self-curing glassionomer cement and light-curing glassionomer cement. After 4, 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by vascular perfusion. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with Gomori's trichrome staining. Results were as follows. 1. In all experiment group, there were not epithelial down growth and glass ionomer cement were encapsulated connective tissue. 2. In 4 weeks experiment I group slighly infiltrated inflammatory cells but not disturb the new bone or new cementum formation. 3. In 8 weeks, experiment groups I, II were encapsulated fine connective tissue. 4. Therefore glass-ionomer cement filling to the grade III maxillary furcations with multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances were possible clinical methods and this technique is useful method for Maxillary furcation involvement.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene)을 산화, 환원 방법으로 중합할 때 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)이 최종 에멀젼의 물성에 미치는 영향과 pH의 변화가 최종 에멀젼의 물성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 실험 결과 PVOH의 분자량이 에멀젼 성질에 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 분자량이 낮은 PVOH 이용 시는 점도가 낮은 제품을 얻었고, 분자량이 큰 PVOH를 이용 시는 높은 점도의 제품을 얻었다. 그러나 pH를 변화 시키면서 중합한 제품의 최종 성질은 PVOH에 대하여 다른 결과를 얻었다. 일반적으로 중합도가 높고 부분 검화물의 PVOH를 이용한 poly(vinyl acetate) 에멀젼 최종점도는 상대적으로 매우 높은 점도를 유지하는 데 비하여, VAE 에멀젼에서는 높은 pH에서 합성 시에는 낮은 에멀젼의 점도를 얻었다. 이것은 에멀젼 합성 중에 PVOH의 분자량의 저하에 의한 영향으로 판단된다. pH가 증가 할수록 그라프트율이 감소하고, 분자량이 감소하면서 점도가 낮아진다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

Background: Patients with secondary deformities associated with unilateral cleft lip and nose might also suffer from nostril stenosis due to a lack of tissue volume in the nostril on the cleft side. Here, we used full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) to reduce nostril stenosis and various methods for skin volume augmentation. We compared the changes in the symmetry of both nostrils before and after surgery. Methods: From February 2016 to January 2020, 34 patients underwent secondary cheiloplasty and open rhinoplasty for secondary deformities of the unilateral cleft lip and nose with nostril stenosis. FTSG was used on the nostril floor, nasal columella, and alar inner lining. The measured nasal profile included the nostril surface, nostril circumference, width of the nostril floor, and distance from the alar-facial groove to the nasal tip. The "overlap area," which was defined as the largest overlapping area when the image of the cleft nostril was flipped to the left and right and overlaid on the image of the normal side nostril, was also calculated. The degree of symmetry was evaluated by dividing the value of the cleft side by that of the normal side of each measured profile and expressed as "ratios." Results: The results of all profile ratios, except for the nostril floor width, became significantly close to 1, which represents full symmetry. The overlap area ratio improved from 62.7% to 77.3%, meaning that the length and width of the nostril as well as the overall shape became similar (p< 0.05). Conclusion: When performing cleft rhinoplasty with nostril stenosis, FTSG is useful to achieve symmetry in the nostril size and shape. Skin grafting is simpler to perform than the other types of local flap, and the results are generally satisfactory.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.2220-2231
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• 2018

Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized on $MgO{\cdot}SiO_2$ hybrid grafted with amine, thiol, cyano, phenyl, epoxy and carbonyl groups. The products were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, low-temperature $N_2$ sorption and elemental analysis. Additionally, the degree of coverage of the oxide material surface with different functional groups and the number of surface functional groups were estimated. The Bradford method was used to determine the quantity of immobilized enzyme. The largest quantity of enzyme (25-28 mg/g) was immobilized on the hybrid functionalized with amine and carbonyl groups. On the basis of hydrolysis reaction of p-nitrophenyl palmitate to p-nitrophenol, it was determined how the catalytic activity of the obtained biocatalysts is affected by pH, temperature, storage time, and repeated reaction cycles. The best results for catalytic activity were obtained for the lipase immobilized on $MgO{\cdot}SiO_2$ hybrids with amine and carbonyl groups. The biocatalytic system demonstrated activity above 40% in the pH range 4-10 and in the temperature range $30-70^{\circ}C$. Lipase immobilized on the $MgO{\cdot}SiO_2$ systems with amine and epoxy groups retains, respectively, around 80% and 60% of its initial activity after 30 days of storage, and approximately 60-70% after 10 reaction cycles.