• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2018

We aimed to understand the molecular changes in host cells that accompany infection by the seasonal influenza A H1N1 virus because the initial response rapidly changes owing to the fact that the virus has a robust initial propagation phase. Human epithelial alveolar A549 cells were infected and total RNA was extracted at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h post infection (h.p.i.). The differentially expressed host genes were clustered into two distinct sets of genes as the infection progressed over time. The patterns of expression were significantly different at the early stages of infection. One of the responses showed roles similar to those associated with the enrichment gene sets to known 'gp120 pathway in HIV.' This gene set contains genes known to play roles in preventing the progress of apoptosis, which infected cells undergo as a response to viral infection. The other gene set showed enrichment of 'Drug Metabolism Enzymes (DMEs).' The identification of two distinct gene sets indicates that the virus regulates the cell's mechanisms to create a favorable environment for its stable replication and protection of gene metabolites within 8 h.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2000

Effect of aging treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 7N01 Al alloy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, microhardness measurement and tensile test. Maximum hardness(125.7Hv) and tensile strength(447.3MPa) were obtained from the specimen aged at $120^{\circ}C$ for 32hrs. The major precipitation hardening phase was confirmed as coherent $MgZn_2({\eta}^{\prime})$ phase. Microhardness changes after peakaged condition showed very large decrease upon increased aging time. This result was attributed to the high transformation rate from coherent ${\eta}^{\prime}$ to incoherent ${\eta}$. It was found that the precipitation sequence of 7N01 Al alloy was GP zone${\rightarrow}$metastable spherical hcp $MgZn_2({\eta}^{\prime}){\rightarrow}$ equilibrium rodlike hcp $MgZn_2({\eta})$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권4B호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 전자선 묘화 장비를 이용하여 게이트 길이가 0.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하인 밀리미터파용 전력 PHEMT 소자를 제작하고 DC 특성과 주파수 특성 그리고 전력 특성을 측정하고 분석하였다. PHEMT의 제작에 사용된 단위공정은 저 저항 오믹 접촉, 에어 브릿지 및 후면 가공 공정기술 등을 이용하였다. 제작된 전력용 PHEMT는 35 GHz의 중심주파수에서 4 dB의 S21 이득과 317 mS/mm의 최대 전달컨덕턴스 그리고 62 GHz의 차단주파수와 12G GHz의 최대 공진주파수를 나타내었다. 또한 측정된 전력 특성은 35.5 %의 드레인 효율과 16 dB의 최대 출력전력 그리고 4 dB의 전력 이득을 나타내었다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1996

The V3 loop, a hypervariable domain of envelope glycoprotein, has an essential role in viral infectivity and has a major epitope for type-specific neutralizing antibody. In order to investigate genetic diversity of V3 region of gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolated from Korean patients, DNA sequences encoding the C2 to V3 region were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 15 HIV-1 seropositive patients and nucleotide sequences were determined. All nucleotide sequences from fifteen patients were compared with 8 distinctive subtypes (A-H) and another subtype O. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out with PHYLIP ver 3.5 (Dnapars) program. Of the 15 isolates, 14 HIV-1 subjects were clustered with subtype B, while one was clustered with subtype C. Intra-subtype B distance at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid level were maximum 17.7% and 37.0%, respectively. Intra-patient distance at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid level were maximum 7.3% and 17.8%, respectively. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed that Korean types have relatively well conserved sequences. These findings could be useful for assessing the source of infection and developing an AIDS vaccine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing $H_2O_2$ that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.213-213
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• 2017

High quality seed of proso millet that has high germination percentage, germination speed, and uniformity demanded to increases rates of mechanization in cereal crop cultivation. In order to improve germination characteristics, proso millet seeds were treated with red light, ultrasonication and liquid smoke (LS) solution that generated from hickory wood. All treatments were performed in seed priming solution with 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ at $15^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs under aeration condition. Seeds were exposed under light intensity of 2000 lux for 15m, 30m, 60m, and 120m in priming solution. Ultrasonic treatment was performed at 60%, 80%, and 100% intensity of 21.6 KHz for 5m, 10m, and 20m in priming solution. For LS treatment seed were soaked in 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0% of diluted solution with $dH_2O$ or 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ solution. The effect of seed treatment was evaluated with germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination rate (GR), Germination uniformity (GU) and heath seed percentage (HS). Our results demonstrate that red light (15min) or ultrasonication (21.6kHz, 5min) treatment improved MGT, GI, GR, and GU comparing to untreated control. Importantly, we show that LS treatments have significant effect on the health seedling and germination characteristics. Proso millet seeds that treated with 5% LS solution for 24hrs improves HS up to 97% that similar results obtained in 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming for 24hrs. The combined treatment with LS solution and 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming were not effective in all treatments. Our results demonstrate that treating seeds with LS or 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming or ultrasonication improves germination characteristics. The methods described here will help advance research using this species by increasing the germination performance at which successive seed pellet process.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1997

To evaluate in vitro anti-HIV efficacies of nucleoside derivatives, MT-4 cell line was infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 respectively and treated with various compounds and the formerly approved drugs such as AZT, d4T, ddC and ddI. CPE method was used to evaluate their antiviral activity. Most dideoxynucleosides, AZT, d4T, ddC and ddI, showed anti-HIV activities against both viruses but no other compounds including anti-herpesvirus drugs did any. Further experiments were carried out to study their inhibitory mechanism of viral adsorption. The results showed no inhibition of syncytium formation due to an interaction between the gp120 expressed in HIV -infected cell surface and CD4 receptor on the uninfected cell surface in the presence of AZT. AZT showed no activity up to $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase (RT) in the presence of AZT-triphosphate was tested by using RT expressed in E. coli and purified and its $IC_{50}$ was 4.5 nM.

• 지구물리
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

현재 전국에 산재해 있는 많은 소규모의 저수지들은 관리 상태나 실지 내용적에 대한 정확한 자료가 모두 구비되어있지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 행정구역상 저수지가 많이 분포되어있는 영남권의 경주시 73개 소규모 저수지 가운데 23개소를 선정하여 실험을 하였다. RTK-GPS를 이용하여 5초마다 데이터를 취득하였고, E/S를 이용하여 1초 간격으로 수심에 대한 값과 TS를 이용하여 현황 측량을 실시하였다. 이렇게 취득된 자료를 가지고 3D모델링을 하여본 결과 15개소(약 65%)의 저수지가 양호한 상태였음을 알 수 있었고, 과거자료와의 비교.분석을 통하여 현재 저수지 상태에 대한 정확한 내용적을 알 수 있었다. 또한 23개소 저수지의 만수면적과 유효저수량을 분석한 결과 만수면적은 20.63%, 유효저수량은 3.34%만큼 줄어들었음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 현재 저수지 상태에 대한 분석과 관리 방향에 대한 방법에 대하여 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 GPS $L_1(1.575GHz)$과 $L_2(1.227GHz)$ 대역을 수용할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 이중대역 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 주파수대역 간격이 큰 이중대역 특성을 확보하기 위해 제안된 안테나는 반 파장($L_2$ 대역) 패치 안테나의 윗면에 ${\lambda}/4$($L_1$ 대역)크기의 역 L형 기생소자들을 방사 개구면 양측에 적층하였다. 패치 소자와 기생소자들 간의 커플링을 통하여 공진시킴으로써 선형편파 이중대역 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 다음으로 GPS의 경우 원형편파를 사용하기 때문에 패치 상에 ${\lambda}/4$($L_1$ 대역) 역 L형 기생소자를 서로 직각으로 시퀀셜 로테이션 기법을 이용하여 적층 시키고, 안테나의 한쪽 대각선 양 끝을 절개하여 원형편파 이중대역 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계하였다. 이렇게 설계된 원형편파 안테나의 크기는 $0.43{\lambda}L{\times}0.43{\lambda}L{\times}0.06{\lambda}L$ (여기에서 ${\lambda}L$은 1.227 GHz의 공기 중 한 파장)로 2중 구조 자세를 유지시켰다. -10 dB 대역폭은 GPS $L_1$대역에서 120 MHz(7.6%), GPS $L_2$대역 82.5 MHz(6.7%)로 측정되었으며, 3 dB 축비 대역폭은 172 MHz(10.9%)와 25MHz(2.03%)로 각각 측정되어, 모두 GPS $L_1$과 $L_2$ 대역의 요구대역폭(각각 24 MHz)을 만족한다. 한편 방사 패턴은 모든 주파수에서 마이크로스트립 안테나와 같은 브로드 사이드 패턴 형태를 형성하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2023

최근 4차 산업혁명의 핵심기술인 드론의 도입으로 학교 교육 현장에서는 드론을 활용한 다양한 융합교육이 진행되고 있다. 특히 자유학기제 수업 및 진로탐색과 연계하여 드론 이론 및 실습 교육을 진행하고 있다. 드론융합 교육프로그램은 단순 시연 실습교육 보다 학습자의 만족도가 높고 직접적인 실습 경험으로 인하여 학습효과가 높게 나타나고 있다. 그러나 다수의 학습자를 상대로 실습교육을 진행하고 있어 한정된 장소에서의 다중드론 비행에 제약 및 학습자 통제가 불가능한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 학교에서 다중드론 교육 운영 시 교수자가 다수의 드론을 실시간 감시하고 드론 간의 충돌을 사전에 학습자에게 인식시켜 실시간으로 다수의 드론 감시가 가능한 감시시스템을 제안하였다. 실험에서 사용된 통신 모듈은 Murata LoRa에 GPS를 탑재하였고, 실시간으로 수신된 위치 데이터를 기반으로 모니터링이 가능하도록 서버와 클라이언트를 구성하였다. 개방형 공간에서 제안한 시스템의 성능을 평가하였으며, 약 120m 거리까지 통신 신호가 양호함을 확인하였다. 즉 240m 범위 안에서 25대의 교육용 드론의 제어가 가능하고, 교수자가 모니터링할 수 있음을 확인하였다.