• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2008

감초의 에틸아세테이트 분획 중 flavonoid 지표물질인 liquiritin이 들어있는 분획 (GUE6)에 살구 및 복숭아 종자로부터 얻은 조효소액 (PDE, PAE, PPE)을 법제 처리하였다. 각 조효소액에서 ${\beta}-glucosidase$ 활성도는 아몬드 (P. dulcis) 259.6 U/g 살구 (P. persica), 복숭아 (P. persica) 조효소액의 ${\beta}-glucosidase$ 활성도가 가장 높게 관찰되었다. PDE, PAE, PPE를 이용한 발효 법제 후 liquiritigenin의 함량 비교 결과, 효소중의 ${\beta}-glucosidase$에 의해 liquiritin이 대사되어 항산화, 향군, 세포 독성 억제, 항치매, 항피부암 등 많은 약리효능을 가진 활성 물질인 liquiritigenin이 생산됨이 확인되었으며, 세효수 모두 liquiritin에 1.2배의 효소 처리 시 가장 대사가 활발한 것으로 나타나 변환을 위한 최적 농도로 결정되었다 세효소 중 특히 PPE 처리 시 liquiritin이 모두 liquiritigenin으로 변환됨으로써 liquiritin의 변환에 복숭아 종자 유래 효소가 가장 효율적인 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

Through analyzing the frequencies of medicinal herb combinations in the prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)", we could understand the characteristics of prescription composition and author's medical thoughts. So we conducted this study that analyze combination of 258 medicinal herbs in 206 prescriptions, and found meaningful combinations of 700. Among these, the most meaningful combinations are the two of 8 herbs. One consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonic, the other consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Arctium lappa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonica. The former is Yeonkyo-san without Arctium lapp, the letter is Yeonkyo-san without Sojae Semen Praeparatum. It means these combinations are kind of modified Yeonkyo-san which is effective in outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify. In conclusion, prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)" involve herbs mostly used to outthrust through the exterior with pungent-cool and clear heat and detoxify. Through this study, we know the author' s one of medical view points on outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2019

Background: Glycyrrhiza radix (licorice root) have been used as an oriental medicine material for long time, and its protective effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and cognition deficit have been recently reported. However, the cultivation of Glycyrrhiza species as medicinal crops is associated with some problems such as low productivity and early leaf fall, etc. To resolve this problems, Glycyrrhiza cultivars have been developed by direct hybridization of each Glycyrrhiza species by Korean researchers. The present study was conducted to compare the Glycyrrhiza cultivar radix (Dagam, Sinwongam and Wongam) for their anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and cognition improvement effects and levels of liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone in order to select an excellent cultivar as a material resource. Methods and Results: For evaluating the inhibitory efficacies of the Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts on oxidative stress and inflammation in BV2 cells, we measured their reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) release after treating them with lipopolysccharide. The scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxynitrite ($NOO^-$) radicals were evaluated. Cell proliferation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) inhibition were analyzed. The total phenol, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone A content in the extracts of the three culivars were quantified. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the activities and contents of total phenol, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone A were also calculated. The results indicated that Sinwongam exhibited potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and NMDAR inhibititory activities. Sinwongam also showed higher total phenol and licochalcone A contents than the other cultivars. Among the three cultivars, Dagam exhibited a positive effects on NO release inhibition, cell proliferation and contents of liquiritin and isoliquiritigenin. Conclusions: Sinwongam is expected to be the most useful resource as a functional material for anti-oxidation/anti-inflammation and cognition improvement among the three studied licorice cultivars.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.456-464
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 최근 전세계적으로 문제가 되고 있는 항생제 내성균에 대해 그 항균효과를 천연의 약용식물을 이용하여 분자생물학적 수준에서 비교해보고 천연항균제의 개발에 우선하여 직접 식품에 첨가하여 그 효과를 검색하고자 하였다. 병원내감염의 주된 원인균으로 알려진 황색포도상구균(Staphylococcusaureus)은 여러 항균제에 대하여 내성을 획득함으로써 질병의 치료를 어렵게 한다는 점에서 매우 심각한 문제이다. 이러한 내성균은 다양한 방법으로 동 식물에 빠르게 전파되고 있으므로 소비자가 내성균을 지닌 식품을 섭취해 잠재적인 내성균을 보유하게 되는 결과를 낳게 된다. 이러한 항생제 내성 황색포도상구균(Methicillin Resistant S. aureus, MRSA)에 대해 천연 약용 식물 중 우수한 항균력을 가지는 감초를 순차 분획하여 각 분획물을 이용한 MRSA에 대한 항균 활성을 알아본 결과 hexane, chloroform 분획물에서 항균활성을 나타냈으며, 동일농도의 생육저해비교 실험에서 대부분의 내성균주에 대해 대조군과 유사한 효과를 나타낸 penicillin에 비해 감초분획물이 대수기를 넘는 억제효과를 나타내었으며 이 중 chloroform 분획물이 가장 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. 또한 RT-PCR을 통하여 표준균주와 내성균주의 내성 정도와 내성 유전자를 관찰해본 결과 KCCM 40510은 내성획득유전자인 mecA, mecRI, mecI, femA에 발현이 높게 나타나 고도내성균임을 알 수 있었으며, 고도내성을 나타내는 균주를 이용하여 감초의 chloroform 분획물을 농도별로($50,\;100,\;250\;{\mu}/mL$) 처리한 결과 농도 의존적으로 유전자 발현이 억제됨을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 고도내성균주인 KCCM 40510은 메티실린 내성을 상승시키는 mecA 유전자의 발현을 억제시키는 mecRI 유전자의 pathway와 상응하는 것으로 보여지므로 감초가 이러한 고도내성균에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 SEM을 통한 형태학적 관찰을 통해 분획물 처리 시 세포벽이 파괴되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 이러한 감초추출물을 직접 식품에 첨가하여 내성 균주에 대한 억제 효과도 확인한 결과 추출물 200mg/100mL 농도에서 포도상구균에 대해 항균효과를 나타내는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2017

Objectives : Increased oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested as a major cause of muscle fatigue. Although several studies have demonstrated the various biological properties of Sophora flavescens Aiton, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, but the antioxidative potentials have not been clearly demonstrated. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of their water and ethanol extract mixtures (medicinal herbal mixtures, MHMIXs) on hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced cell damage and apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. Methods : Cytotoxicity was assessed by an MTT assay. Quantitative evaluation of apoptosis induction and ROS production was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Expression levels of apoptosis regulatory and DNA-damage proteins were detected by Western blotting. Result : The inhibition of $H_2O_2$-induced cell proliferation was effectively blocked in extracts of 3: 1: 1 (EMHMIXs-1) or 2: 2: 1 (EMHMIXs-2) of S. flavescens, G. uralensis and D. dasycarpus Turcz, ethanol extracts from various complex extracts in C2C12 myoblasts. EMHMIXs-1 and EMHMIXs-2 also effectively attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced C2C12 cell apoptosis, which was associated with the restoration of the upregulation of Bad and death receptor 4, and downregulation of XIAP and cIAP-1 induced by $H_2O_2$. In addition, these herbal mixtures significantly blocked the $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation and phosphorylation of $p-{\gamma}H2A.X$, which suggests that they can prevent $H_2O_2$-induced cellular DNA damage. Conclusions : The results suggest that EMHMIXs-1 and EMHMIXs-2 could block the DAN damage and apoptosis of C2C12 myoblasts by oxidative stress through blocking ROS generation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2003

A crude polysaccharide fraction (GU-3) from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice root), a screened herbal plant used in the preparation of herbal kimchi, enhanced Peyer's patch mediated bone marrow cell proliferation and NK cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity against Yac-1 cells. GU-3 was further purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B yielding fractions designated as GU-3I, and 3IIa∼3IIe. GU-3IIa is mainly composed of arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid, and showed the highest bone marrow cell proliferation activity. In addition, GU-3IIb had arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid as the component sugars with a small quantity of protein; GU-3IIb also enhanced activity of NK cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. After these fractions were further fractionated via gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B or Sephacryl S-300, two immunological active polysaccharides, GU-3IIa-2 and 3IIb-1 were purified from the respective fractions. GU-3IIa-2 mostly contained neutral sugars (75%) such as arabinose and galactose (molar ratio; 1.0 : 0.7) in addition to a considerable amount of galacturonic acid (20%), whereas GU-3IIb-1 was composed of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid (molar ratio; 0.3 : 0.5 : 0.1 : 1.0). Methylation analysis indicated that GU-3IIa-2 was composed mainly of terminal, 4- or 5-linked and 3,4- or 3,5-branched arabinose, 3-linked, 4-linked and 3,6-branched galactose, and terminal and 4-linked galacturonic acid whereas GU-3IIb-1 contained various glycosidic linkages such as terminal and 4- or 5-linked arabinose, 2,4-branched rhamnose, terminal and 4-linked galactose, and terminal and 4-galacturonic arid. Single radial gel diffusion indicated that only GU-3IIa-2 strongly reacted with β-D-glucosyl-Yariv antigen. These results suggest that bone marrow cell proliferating activity and enhancement of NK cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity of GU-3 are caused by polysaccharides containing a pectic arabinogalactan (GU-3IIa-2) and pectic polysaccharide (GU-3IIb-1).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.56-74
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• 1996

Prostaglandin $H_2$ synthase is the pharmacological target site of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase activity of the synthase by extracts prepared from herbal medicines and wild plants in Korea have been estimated. Sixteen species out of 612 species exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on the enzyme activity. The active extracts prepared from Carex humilis, Celastrus orbiculatus, Eugenia caryophyllata, Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis, Glycyrrhiza grabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Gyrophora exculenta, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Morus alba, Persicaria conspicua, Prunus salicina, pterocarya stenoptera, Rheum undulatum, Vitis amurensis, and Vitis coignetiae have been sequentially washed with methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. Among the solvent fractions of the active herbal extracts, ethyl acetate fraction of Carex humilis exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the cyclooxygenase activity of prostaglandin $H_2$ synthase.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권4호
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• pp.610-617
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• 2019

박피한 밤을 갈변저해제(감초 추출물 : 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%; 염화칼슘 : 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%) 용액에 침지 처리한 후 PE+Nylon재질의 필름으로 진공포장하여 0℃ 저온저장고에서 6주 동안 박피밤의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 갈변도는 갈변저해제 처리구가 무처리구보다 낮게 나타났다. 특히 2.0% 염화칼슘 처리구의 갈변도가 0.68 O.D.로 가장 낮았다. 저장 6주 후 박피밤의 표면 색변화(ΔE)는 무처리구에서 6.0으로 가장 높았던 반면, 1.0 및 2.0%염화칼슘 처리구에서 3.5로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 저장기간 동안 갈변저해제 처리는 박피밤의 품질(수분 및 중량감소율, 당도, 경도)에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 저장 6주 후 부패율은 무처리구에서 12.0%로 나타났으며, 감초 추출물 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% 처리구에서 각각 11.0%, 11.5%, 11.0%, 염화칼슘 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% 처리구에서 각각 13.0%, 9.5%, 9.0%로 나타났다. 관능평가(식미, 이취)는 2.0% 감초 추출물 처리구가 저장기간 동안 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 식감 및 색은 갈변저해제 처리간 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 종합적으로 판단하였을 때 2.0% 감초 추출물 침지처리가 박피밤의 품질유지 및 갈변저해에 효과적이었으며, 화학적 처리 시 문제점인 신맛 등 관능적 품질이 낮아지는 것을 해결할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.841-845
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• 2004

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Gamcho(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, GLU) in asthma. We measured histamine, IL-1β, IL-4, 1L-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, in plasma of ovalbumin induced asthmatic mouse. The results were obtained as follows: GLU decreased the proliferation of histamine, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 significantly. GLU increased the proliferation of IL-10 significantly. According to the above results, it is suggested that GLU extract might be useful applied for prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2011

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects an herbal extract composition(MHE) containing $Hovenia$ $dulcis$ T., $Artemisa$ $capillaris$ T., $Pueraria$ $thunbergiana$ B., $Polygonatum$ $falcatum$ A., $Agastache$ $rugosa$ O., $Silybum$ $marianum$ L. and $Glycyrrhiza$ $uralensis$ F. in alcohol administered mice. Prophylactic administration of different doses of MHE(20~100 mg/kg) had beneficial actions toward alcohol degradation in acute alcohol treated mice. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of the MHE showed anti-inflammatory effects in inhibition tests of vascular permeability produced by acetic acid. MHE also reduced the concentrations of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ in macrophages that were activated by LPS. These results demonstrate that MHE possesses the potential to stimulate alcohol degradation and inhibit inflammatory effects in mice.