• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.70-73
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• 1994

Effects of 13 organic compounds including glucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, succinate, malate, glycine, lactate, acetate, pyruvate, citrate, formate and cis-aconitate on the oxidation of thiosulfate and the availability of these compounds as the substrate for the respiration by Thiobacillus ocncretivorus, which is known to be an obligated autotroph, were studied. Malate nad glycine at 0.5 per cent concentration nearly doubled the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation. Moreover, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, sulfate-salts medium, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, citrate, xylose, malate, flucose, glutamate and succinate. No respiration could occur when formate and pyruvate were supplied as the substrate for respiration. But it was obvious that flucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, malate, citrate and succinate could be used as the substrate for respiration to some extent, regarding the fact that some increase in respiration rates could be recorded compared to the result from the salts medium, where neither thiosulfate nor orgnic compounds were added. Thus, it was postulated that this organism could possibly be converted into mixotroph or hetrotroph if appropriate conditions could be prepared.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2003

Physicochemical properties of freeze-dried upper and middle parts of Korean raw anther were investigated and analyzed. Moisture contents of upper part and middles part were 51.7 and 63.6%, respectively. Contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and carbohydrates of upper part of antler were 66.91, 3.52, 22.70, and 6.87%, respectively. Whereas those of middle part were 52.64, 2.50, 34.54, and 6.07, respectively. Phosphorous content was the highest in both upper (2562.0 mg%) and middle (2536.0 mg%) parts. Glycine (7597.9 mg%) and glutamic acid (5769.4 mg%) were major amino acids in upper part, glycine (9612.0 mg%) and proline (5906.3 mg%) in middle part were the major amino acids. Free sugars including fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose were not detected. Palmitic acid (upper part 30.83%, middle part 32.23%) was the major fatty acid in crude fat of both upper and middle parts. Vitamin A (retinol) contents of upper and middle parts were 16.40 and 12.32 IU/100 g, respectively. Vitamin C was not detected. Upper part of antler showed the highest redness (8.18), whereas middle part showed the highest lightness (71.72) and yellowness (8.13). The color difference $({\Delta}E\;27.11)$ between upper part and middle part was distinguished remarkably.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Glycine soja (GS) supplementation on the quality of corn silage. Corn silage was used in a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangements with respective factors being addition of GS (0, 10, and 20%) and without or with Lacobacillus plantarum as lactic acid bacteria, and were stored for 40 days at a room temperature ($20-25^{\circ}C$). Corn silage with supplemented 20% GS increased (p<0.05) crude protein contents compared with that in corn silage with supplemented 0 and 10% GS, however crude fat, NDF, and starch concentrations was not affected (p<0.05) by addition of GS. Furthermore, the interaction was found (p<0.05) between corn silage with supplemented 20% GS and the addition of lactic acid in butyric acid. Silage pH was increased while GS supplementation increased. Corn silage with supplemented 20% GS increased (p<0.05) glucose and fructose concentrations. The results of current study indicate that corn silage with supplemented 20% GS could be used as a useful strategy to improve corn silage with increased crude protein contents along with sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 1982

Sensory evaluations of synthetic extracts prepared on the analytical data in the previous papers (Yang and Lee, 1979, 1930-a, 1980-b, 1982) were undertaken to determine the origin of the taste of wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and Korean snakehead: Channa argus. Taste panel assessments of synthetic extracts prepared with each extractive component omitted were carried out by a triangle difference test, and changes in taste profile were assessed. The synthetic extracts, prepared with about 40 pure chemicals based on the analytical data from the species satisfactorily revealed the natural taste of the original extracts except slight difference in meaty taste and mildness. From the results of omission test the major components which contribute to produce the taste of the species were assessed as follows: glycine, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, threonine, alanine, IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine, glucose, succinic acid, $Na^{+},\;Cl^{-}\;and\;PO_{4}^{3-}$ in common carp: glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, IMP, Na+ and $PO_{4}^{3-}$ in Korean snakehead.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 1988

지금까지의 자축의 설사병 치료에 응용되는 경구적 보액요법에 관해서 그 유래와 효과 그리고 경구보액 처방의 선택에 있어서의 참고사항을 소개하였다. 경구보액의 적용은 소아의 설사병 치료에서 유래되어 수의임상에서는 주로 자축의 설사병 치료에 유효하게 응용될 수 있으며 특히 자축에 가장 흔히 발생되는 Salmonella, E. coli 및 Rotavirus에 기인한 설사병에 관해서 실험적 및 자연발생 증예에 대한 경구적 보액의 유효성을 입증하는 여러 근거자료를 제시하였다. 자축의 설사병 치료에 이용되는 경구보액 으로서는 가급적 glucose, glycine, citrate 및 기타의 electrolytes가 함유되는 산성의 등장용액이 바람직하다는 이론을 부연하였다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.19
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• pp.52-58
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• 1975

During the germination of soybean (variety Peongyang: Glycine max L.) which was treated by hypochlorite and standard procedure. fructose content was highest and followed by glucose and galactose. Fructose. glucose and galactose decreased as germination period was longer. in the standard procedure. When hypochlorite was treated the fructose content was highest but galactose was almost negligible. and as the period of treatment was longer. fructose content decreased. The sucrose content increased until 96 hours and decreased thereafter. Over the whole period. the germinated soybean treated by hypochlorite showed higher sugar content than standard procedure. Raffinose decreased and disappeared after 96 hours in the standard procedure. and it didn't show up after 48 hours when treated by hypochlorite. Stachyose decreased in both case.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.179-189
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• 2021

Plants need essential mineral elements to favorably develop and to complete their life cycle. Despite the irreplaceable roles of microelements, they are often ignored due to the relative importance of macroelements with their influence on crop growth and development. We focused on the changes in primary metabolites in the leaves and roots of bell pepper plants under 6 microelements-deficient conditions: Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo). Bell pepper plants were grown in hydroponic containers, and individual elements were adjusted to 1/10-strength of Hoagland nutrient solution. A remarkable perturbation in the abundance of the primary metabolites was observed for the Fe and B and the Mn and B deficiencies in the leaves and roots, respectively. The metabolites with up-accumulation in the Fe-deficient leaves were glucose, fructose, xylose, glutamine, asparagine and serine. In contrast, the Mn deficiency also resulted in a higher accumulation of glucose, fructose, xylose, galactose, serine, glycine, β-alanine, alanine and valine in the roots. The B deficiency noticeably accumulated alanine, valine and phenylalanine in the roots while it showed a substantial decrease in glucose, fructose and xylose. These results show that the primary metabolism could be seriously disturbed due to a microelement deficiency, and the alteration may be either the specific or adaptive responses of bell pepper plants.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 1984

Chemical composition of dried roots of wild and cultivated Codonopsis lanceolata has been investigated. General composition was similar in both Codonopsis lanceolata. Free sugars from the root were fructose, glucose and sucrose. The contents of the sugars were higher in the cultivated than in the wild. Maltose was detected only in the cultivated and its level was 0.05%.. Free amino acids were consisted of 16 amino acids: lysine, histidine, arginine aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid. proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. No significant difference in the contents was found between the wild root and the cultivated. Free fatty acids were palmitate, linoleate and linolenate, and the contents of those acids were higher in the cultivated root than in the wild. The contents of crude saponin were 1.5% in the wild root and 1.4% in the cultivated, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.350-355
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• 2007

The optimal substrates and reaction flavoring conditions were examined to develop pearl oyster extract (POE) flavor using the Maillard reaction under a model system. The sugar for the Maillard reaction was glucose, and the amino acid was cysteine, with glycine as the reaction substrate. A three-dimensional response surface method was used to monitor the dynamic changes of the substrates during the Maillard reaction. To enhance the flavor of POE, a two-step enzymatic hydrolysate (Brix $20^{\circ}$) was reacted with the precursors (1:1, v/v). A 2:1:1 mixture of 0.4 M glucose:0.4 M glycine:0.4 M cysteine (v/v) was selected as a suitable reaction system for the reappearance of baked potato odor and boiled meat odor, and masking the shellfish odor. The two-step enzymatic hydrolysate and selected precursors were reacted in a high-pressure reactor to optimize the reaction parameters. The optimum conditions were 150 minutes at $120\;^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. The pH was the most critical factor for the response of the baked potato odor and masking the shellfish odor, while the reaction time affected the reappearance of the boiled meat odor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1997

Alkaline phosphatase (APase) was found to be inducible in Anabaena sp. strain CA Growth was less than control in presence of most amino acids except glycine and serine, but most amino acids enhanced APase activity. Highest APase activity was recorded in tyrosine supplemented culture followed by hydroxyproline, cystein, valine and glutamic acid. Threonine supplemented material showed lowest APase level (1.8 nmol/mg protein/min). Lactose, glucose, sodium pyruvate and succinate stimulated growth but not APase activity. APase activity was high in the presence of sucrose, mellibiose, mannitol, arabinose, maltose and sorbose, even though the growth in these supplements was less than in control. Organic phosphate sources supported good growth of the organism. Best growth occurred in presence of inorganic phosphate, adenosine diphosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate or ribulose 1,5-diphosphate, followed by other phosphorus sources tested. APase activity in presence of any of the organic phosphate sources was 3 to 5 fold low as compared to phosphate limited culture. Also, there was no APase activity in cultures grown on inorganic phosphate. These data indicate that most amino acids and a few carbohydrates (sucrose, mellibiose, arabinose and sorbose) are suitable for APase production. Lactose, glucose, pyruvate or succinate may be used as a carbon source during photoheterotrophic growth of the cyanobacterium. Glycine and serine are preferred nitrogen sources for its growth. Phosphate repressible APase activity has been found in Anabaena sp. strain CA.