• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

The effects of Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) leaf, Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae) fruit and Ocimum sanctum. (Labiateae) leaf extracts were studied in L-thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg) induced hyperthyroidic mice. Separately combined effects of these three plant extracts and of a commonly used antithyroidic drug, Propyl thiouracil (PTU) were investigated for comparison. Serum concentration of thyroxine $(T_4)$, triiodothyronine $(T_3)$, glucose and the activity of hepatic Glucose 6-Phosphatase (G-6-Pase) were considered as main parameters. Hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities were also studied to reveal the toxic effect of the plant extracts, if any. While exogenous $T_4$ enhanced serum concentration of $T_4$, $T_3$, glucose and the activity of hepatic G-6-Pase, a simultaneous administration of either A. marmelos leaf (1.0 mg/kg), E. officinalis fruit( 30 mg/kg) and O. sanctum leaf (50 mg/kg) extracts, to hyperthyroidic animals decreased all these parameters. However, the effects were more pronounced, as nearly normal thyroid function and serum glucose concentration were exhibited when all three plant extracts were administered together. A decrease in LPO and a concomitant increase in SOD and the CAT activities indicated the safe and antiperoxidative nature of the plant extracts, administered either alone or in combination. Our findings reveal that the three test plant materials exhibit synergistic effects without any hepatotoxicity, suggesting their potential use in the amelioration of hyperthyroidism and/ or hyperglycaemia.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
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• pp.63-69
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• 1988

Streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병성 쥐(혈당수준$430{\pm}30ml/dl$)에게 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$를 연속적으로 복강투여 하였다. Ginsenoside $Rb_{2}$ 투여군은 현저한 혈당감소를 보였으며 이군들의 혈당수준은 6-9일 투여로 약 160mg/dl로 떨어졌다. 한편 대조군보다 먹이섭취량이 적지만 체중은 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$를 투여한 당뇨쥐에서 상당히 증가하였다. Ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$투여군은 과식, 다뇨, 당뇨 등과 같은 당뇨병 증상이 개선 되었다. 혈당을 떨어뜨리는 작용기전을 연구하기위한 일환으로 간 및 지방조직 그리고 혈청 등에 있는 탄수화물 대사물질과 지질성분 등에 미치는 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$의 효과를 조사하였다. 당뇨쥐에서는 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$가 먼저 정상쥐에서와 같이 간에서 혈당의 이용을 촉진 시키고 그결과 지방조직에 triglyceride 들이 증가되는 것으로 추측된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1184-1194
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• 2022

Objective: High concentrate diets are widely used to satisfy high-yielding dairy cows; however, long-term feeding of high concentrate diets can cause subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). The endocrine disturbance is one of the important reasons for metabolic disorders caused by SARA. However, there is no current report about thyroid hormones involved in liver metabolic disorders induced by a high concentrate diet. Methods: In this study, 12 mid-lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to HC (high concentrate) group (60% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6) and LC (low concentrate) group (40% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6). All cows were slaughtered on the 21st day, and the samples of blood and liver were collected to analyze the blood biochemistry, histological changes, thyroid hormones, and the expression of genes and proteins. Results: Compared with LC group, HC group showed decreased serum triglyceride, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased hepatic glycogen, and glucose. For glucose metabolism, the gene and protein expression of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in the liver were significantly up-regulated in HC group. For lipid metabolism, the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1, and fatty acid synthase in the liver was decreased in HC group, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α were increased. Serum triiodothyronine, thyroxin, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and hepatic FT3 increased in HC group, accompanied by increased expression of thyroid hormone receptor (THR) in the liver. Conclusion: Taken together, thyroid hormones may increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, β-oxidation and reduce fatty acid synthesis through the THR pathway to participate in the metabolic disorders caused by a high concentrate diet.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.938-945
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• 2009

고지혈증 흰쥐에 있어서, 숭어(Mugil cephalus) 비늘에서 추출 제조된 저분자 콜라겐 펩타이드 추출물의 급여가 혈청 지질개선 효과 및 지질대사 이상 등에 관여하는 지질성분 및 효소의 활성 변동을 검토하기 위하여 Sprague Dawley계 흰쥐 수컷을 사용하여 본 실험을 행하였다. 기본식이만을 급여한 대조군인 BG군을 비롯한 고지혈증 유발군(CW군), 고지혈증 유발에 콜라겐 펩타이드를 섭취시킨 군(CCP군)을 5주간 실험사육하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 동맥경화지수, LDL-콜레스테롤, 유리 콜레스테롤, 콜레스테롤 에스테르 비, 중성지방 및 인지질 농도 및 혈당 농도 등은 저분자 콜라겐 펩타이드 추출물을 섭취시킨 군(CCP군)에서 농도가 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 비 등은 콜라겐 펩타이드 급여(CCP군)에 의해서 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 혈청 중 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 및 aminotransferase (AST, ALT)의 활성은 고지혈증을 유도 시킨 후 콜라겐 펩타이드를 급여시킴으로써 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과들을 미루어 볼 때, 저분자 콜라겐 펩타이드 추출물이 고지혈증 유발 흰쥐의 혈청 지질대사 이상 등에서 오는 고지혈증의 예방 및 개선에 효과가 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2022

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance, and abnormally elevated hepatic gluconeogenesis is characterized. Phillyrin, one of the major active constituents of Forsythia suspense, is known to possess the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, the anti-diabetes mellitus effect of phillyrin and its molecular mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of phillyrin on gluconeogenesis in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Phillyrin suppressed high glucose (HG)-induced glucose production. In addition, phillyrin reduced HG-induced the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), major genes in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Phillyrin treatment attenuated HG-induced nucleus protein levels of FOXO1 and HDAC5 and increased the phosphorylation of Akt, AMPK, HDAC5, and FOXO1. The block of AMPK and Akt activity did not exert the inhibitory effect of phillyrin on gluconeogenesis in insulin resistant HepG2. Taken together, these results suggest that phillyrin inhibits gluconeogenesis of hepatocytes to improve glucose metabolism, through the regulation of LKB1/AMPK/HDAC5 and PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. These results indicate that phillyrin may be useful in improving hepatic gluconeogenesis associated with insulin resistant and T2DM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.471-477
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• 1997

A study detennined whether certain biochemical and physiological variables were altered during marginal Zn deficiency. Ten weaned crossbred Hereford Angus heifer calves, weighing $163{\pm}2kg$, were utilized. Five calves were fed a Zn - deficient (- Zn) brome-alfalfa hay diet containing 17 mg Zn/kg diet DM, and five calves were fed a Zn-adequate (+Zn) diet with 23 mg Zn/kg diet DM from $ZnSO_4$ added to the - Zn diet (total diet, 40 mg Zn/kg diet DM), for 32 d. At 21 d the - Zn calves had a reduction (p < .05) in feed efficiency. By 25 d, plasma Zn and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. Blood urea nitrogen, glucose, insulin, IGF-I, Cu plasma concentration and Zn and Cu concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) and liver were not altered (p > .05) by the - Zn diet through 25 d. In response to a single i. m. injection of dexamethasone (20 mg) on d 25, calves fed the two dietary Zn amounts showed no changes (p > .05) in plasma or RBC Zn and Cu concentrations, serum IGF-I, insulin, and glucose when measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after injection. In response to an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin on d 30, cell mediated immune (CMI) response was reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. These observations indicate that during a marginal Zn deficiency in calves, there was a decrease in feed efficiency, plasma Zn, serum alkaline phosphatase, and CMI response.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.830-840
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• 2017

Excessive body weight gain during the growth period of early life may predispose individuals towards obesity and metabolic disorder in later life. We investigated the possibility of using the food efficiency ratio as an early indicator for predicting susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Four-week-old, prepubertal, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups based on food efficiency ratio values after five days on a high-fat diet. Metabolic parameters measured after 2, 6, and 10 weeks, and specific phenotypes were compared with each group. Obesity-prone rats had higher increases in body weight and fat mass compared to obesity-resistant rats over the study period. Obesity-prone rats became glucose intolerant early in this study and remained so throughout the experimental period, with increases in fat weight and leptin levels occurring first, followed by increases in insulin level. Gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance significantly increased in obesity-prone groups in which activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were increased and glucokinase activity decreased. Higher food efficiency ratio at an early age was closely correlated with body fat accumulation, hyperleptinemia, and hyperinsulinemia of middle and elderly age. We suggest a high food efficiency ratio in prepubertal subjects may be a useful predictor of future obesity and insulin resistance.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.552-557
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• 2000

In order to investigate the effects of Yukmijihwang-Tang on the hepatic microsomal function of Cd-poisoned rats, 3 mg/kg of cadmium (Cd) and 500 mg/kg of Yukmijihwang-Tang extract (YJT), a herbal hepatoprotective medicine, were administered concurrently to rats for 4 weeks. The levels of protein, aniline hydroxylase (AH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in Cd-treated group. This increase was suppressed by treatment or YJT. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P) and ${\delta}-aminolevulinic$ acid dehydratase (ALAD) of Cd-treated group were decreased. This decrease was inhibited by treatment of YJT. Treatment with YJT significantly protects cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 1997

Physiological effects in SAM P6 and Rl by administration of Cervus cornu, Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, and Angelicae Radix extracts were screened to know in vivo activities of each extracts. We measured complete blood cells (CBC) such as aBC, HGB, and HCT using coulter's method. Plasma concentrations of albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, urea and total iron ere also analyzed using biochemical clinical autoanalyzer. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, total T$_3$, and total T$_4$ were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay methods. At 12 weeks after birth, Cervus conu or Astragali Radix or Rehmanniae Radix extracts were given 5 g/Kg.day p.o. for 0,7,14,21, and 30 days each in both SAM Rl and SAM P6. Angelicae Radix study was done the same as the others except the mice were 16 weeks after birth. The RBC, HGB, and HCT levels after administration of Astragali and Rehmanniae were elevated in SAM Rl, but those in Cervi study were increased in SAM P6 the most. Decreases in alkaline phosphatase concentration of SAM Rl and P6 after Cervi administration were detected. Total plasma iron concentration was decreased by Angelicae administration in SAM P6. In general, Angelicae and Rehmanniae stimulate increases in cortisol, but total T$_3$ and T$_4$ levels were also elevated by all these extracts. In conclusion, these herval medicine extracts help hematopoiesis in SAMs through probably different mechanisms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2011

본 실험은 주요 phytoestrogen에 속하는 genistein, coumestrol, enterolactone의 식이보충이 제2형 당뇨동물모델에서 당질대사 개선에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 C57BL/KsOlaHsd-db/db 마우스를 이용하여 내당능, 당화헤모글로빈 농도, 당대사 관련 효소활성, 조직 중 글리코겐과 최종당화산물 수준 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과, phytoestrogen의 보충(3.75 mg/100 g diet)이 당뇨동물의 체중변화, 식이 및 수분 섭취량 그리고 장기무게에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 모든 phytoestrogen의 보충은 당뇨동물의 공복 혈당, 경구 내당능 검사 시 혈당반응곡선 아래면적 및 혈중 HbA1c 수준을 유의적으로 낮추었다. 또한 모든 phytoestrogen의 보충은 당뇨동물의 혈장 글루카곤 수준을 유의적으로 낮추었으며, coumestrol과 enterolactone의 보충은 간 조직 중 글리코겐 수준을 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과들은 genistein, coumestrol, enterolactone의 3종 phytoestrogen의 식이보충이 제2형 당뇨동물에서 내당능을 개선시킬 수 있음을 시사하였으나 그 기전에 대해서는 향후 추가 연구가 필요하다고 본다.