• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2013

To study the encapsulation method for large-area organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), OLED of ITO / 2-TNATA / NPB / $Alq_3$:Rubrene / $Alq_3$ / LiF / Al structure was fabricated, which on $Alq_3$/LiF/Al as protective layer of OLED was deposited to protect the damage of OLED, and subsequently it was encapsulated using attaching film and flat glass. The current density and luminance of encapsulated OLED using attaching film and flat glass has similar characteristics compared with non-encapsulated OLED when thickness of Al as a protective layer was 1200 nm, otherwise power efficiency of encapsulated OLED was better than non-encapsulated OLED. Encapsulation process using attaching film and flat glass did not have any effects on the emission spectrum and the Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate. The lifetime of encapsulated OLED using attaching film and flat glass was 287 hours in 1200 nm Al thickness, which was increased according to thickness of Al protective layer, and was improved 54% compared with 186 hours in same Al thickness, lifetime of encapsulated OLED using epoxy and flat glass. As a result, it showed the improved efficiency and the long lifetime, because the encapsulation method using attaching film and flat glass could minimize the impact on OLED caused through UV hardening process in case of glass encapsulation using epoxy.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.379-383
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• 2012

$TiO_2$ thin films consisting of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA) and negatively charged titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide(TALH) were successfully fabricated on glass beads by a layer-by-layer(LBL) self-assembly method. The glass beads used here showed a positive charge in an acid range and negative charge in an alkaline range. The glass beads coated with the coating sequence of(PDDA/TALH)n showed a change in the surface morphology as a function of the number of bilayers. When the number of bilayers(n) of the(PDDA/TALH) thin film was 20, Ti element was observed on the surface of the coated glass beads. The thin films coated onto the glass beads had a main peak of the (101) crystal face and were highly crystallized with XRD diffraction peaks of anatase-type $TiO_2$ according to an XRD analysis. In addition, the $TiO_2$ thin films showed photocatalytic properties such that they could decompose a methyl orange solution under illumination with UV light. As the number of bilayers of the(PDDA/TALH) thin film increased, the photocatalytic property of the $TiO_2$-coated glass beads increased with the increase in the thin film thickness. The surface morphologies and optical properties of glass beads coated with $TiO_2$ thin films with different coating numbers were measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and by UV-Vis spectrophotometry(UV-vis).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.369-380
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• 2018

In this paper, a multi-layered finite element model for laminated glass plates is introduced. A layer-wise theory is applied to the analysis of laminated glass due to the combination of stiff and soft layers; the independent layers are connected via Lagrange multipliers. The von $K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ large deflection plate theory and the constant Poisson ratio for constitutive equations are assumed to capture the possible effects of geometric nonlinearity and the time/temperature-dependent response of the plastic foil. The linear viscoelastic behavior of a polymer foil is included by the generalized Maxwell model. The proposed layer-wise model was implemented into the MATLAB code and verified against detailed three-dimensional models in ADINA solver using different hexahedral finite elements. The effects of temperature, load duration, and creep/relaxation are demonstrated by examples.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07c
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• pp.1824-1826
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• 2000

Up to date, the dual scanning method has been adopted to decrease address-ing period in AC PDP. In this case, addressing period can be reduced, but the driving circuit cost should be increased. In this study, to increase addressing speed we have studied the relationship between addressing speed and cell structure. That is to say, we varied the thickness of dielectric layer on the front glass, the thickness of white back and the height of barrier rib on the rear glass. So, we found that the addressing time was decreased 4% with decreasing 5um thickness of dielectric layer on the front glass and 2um thickness of white back on the rear glass. Also in case of decreasing the height of barrier rib, addressing time was decreased about 4% per 10um.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the sonophysical and sonochemical effects induced by acoustic cavitation in heterogeneous systemin a 28 kHz double-bath reactor using calorimetry, the aluminiumfoil erosion test, and the luminol test. With no glass beads, calorimetric power in the inner vessel increased as much as the outer sonoreactor lost and total calorimetric power was maintained for various liquid height conditions (0.5 ~ 7 cm) in the vessel. Higher calorimetric energy was obtained at higher liquid height conditions. Similar results were obtained when glass beads were placed with various beads heights (0.5 ~ 2.0 cm) and relatively high calorimetric energy was obtained in spite of large attenuation in the glass beads layer. An aluminium foil placed between the bottom of the inner vessel and the glass beads layer was damaged, indicating significant sonophysical effects. Much less damage was detected when the foil was placed above the beads layer due to large attenuation of ultrasound. Sonochemical effects, visualized by sonochemiluminescence (SCL), also decreased significantly when the beads were placed in the vessel. It was established that the optimization of the liquid height above the solid-material layer could enhance the sonophysical and sonochemical effects in the double-bath sonoreactors.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2012

A TCO-less ruthenium (Ru) catalytic layer on glass substrate instead of conventional Ru/TCO/ glass substrate was assessed as counter electrode (CE) material in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by examining the effect of the Ru thickness on the DSSC performance. Ru films with different thicknesses (34, 46, 69, and 90 nm) were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on glass substrates to replace both existing catalyst and electrode layer. In order to make our comparison, we also prepared an Ru catalytic layer by a similar method on FTO/glass substrate. Finally, we prepared the $0.45cm^2$ DSSC device the properties of the DSSCs were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and current-voltage (I-V) method. CV measurements revealed an increase in catalytic activity with increasing film thickness. The charge transfer resistance at the interface between the electrolyte and Rudecreased with increasing Ru thickness. I-V results showed that the energy conversion efficiency increased up to 1.96%. Our results imply that TCO-less Ru/glass might perform as both catalyst and electrode layer when it is used in counter electrodes in DSSCs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.393-396
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• 1996

This paper studies electrostatically suspended induction motors (ESIM). The ESIM possesses the rotating ability of an ordinary electrostatic induction motor, in addition to providing contactless support by electrostatic suspension. To accomplish these two functions, a feedback control strategy and the operating principle of an ordinary electrostatic induction motor are used. The stator possesses electrodes which exert the electrostatic forces to the rotor and are divided into a part responsible for suspension and one for rotation. Two rotor types are utilized: a polished glass disk without any surface treatment, and a polished glass disk covered with a thin layer of conductive material (ITO layer) on only one side. In this paper, the principle of the ESIM is described, followed by stator electrode design, experimental apparatus, control strategy for stable suspension. Experimental results show that the glass disk has been rotated with a speed of approximately 70 rpm while being suspended stably at a gap length of 0.3 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.145-151
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• 2014

The glass used for mobile display windows is required to have high strength. Chemical strengthening by means of ion exchange is widely used glass. The depth of the layer and the compressed stress are affected by tempering temperature and time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the range of DOL and CS, which to less breakage during reliability tests such as the ball drop test, hole drop test, 3-point bending test, drop test, and tumble test with Soda-lime Glass.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-143
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• 2012

In this study, optical simulation was used to compare three optical structures that could be applied to the typical organic light-emitting diode to increase the outcoupling efficiency. These were spherical scattering particles (treated as Mie scatterers) embedded in the glass substrate, microlenses formed on the glass substrate, and a diffusing layer (DL) with a Gaussian scattering distribution function inserted between the indium tin oxide (ITO) and the glass substrate. It was found that the application of microlens array and that of scattering particles in the glass substrate exhibited similar enhancements in the outcoupling efficiency when the density and the refractive index of the scattering particles were optimized. The DL located at the interface between the glass and the ITO further enhanced the efficiency because it could further extract the trapped light in the waveguide mode. The appropriate combination of these three structures increased the outcoupling efficiency to about 42%, which is much greater than the typical values of 15-20% when there is no optical structure for light extraction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.426.1-426.1
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• 2014

For high performance thin film solar cells, texturing surface, enhancing the optical absorptionpath, is pretty important. Textured ZnO:Al transparent oxide layer of high haze is commonly used in Si thin film solar cells. In this paper, novel deposition method for aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) on glass substrates is presented to improve the haze property. The broccoli structure of ZnO:Al layer was formed on chemically etched glass substrates, which showed high haze value on a wide wavelength range.The etching condition of the glass substrates can change not only the haze values of the ZnO:Al of in-situ growth but alsothe electrical and optical properties of the deposited ZnO:Al films.The etching mechanism of the glass substrate affecting on the surface morphology of the glass will be discussed, which resulted in variation of texture of ZnO:Al layer. The optical properties of substrate morphology were also analyzed with EDS and FTIR results. As a result, the high haze value of 85.4% was obtained in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 1100 nm. Furthermore, low sheet resistance of about 5~18 ohm/sq was achieved for different surface morphologies of the ZnO:Al films.