• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1379-1382
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• 2008

This study was performed to provide basic information that can be used to differentiate Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng CA. Meyer) berry and seed from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seed. Total ginsenoside contents of Korean ginseng berry, Korean ginseng seed, and American ginseng seed were 9.09, 3.30, and 4.06%, respectively. Total ginsenoside content of Korean ginseng berry was about 2.2 to 2.7 times higher than those of Korean ginseng seed and American ginseng seed. Particularly ginsenoside Re content of 4-year cultivated Korean ginseng berry (5.99%) was about 3.6 to 5.4 times higher than that of 4-year cultivated Korean ginseng seed (1.65%) and 4-year cultivated American ginseng seed (1.10%). The contents of total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Re of Korean ginseng berry were about 4.8 and 28 times higher, respectively, than those of 4-year cultivated Korean ginseng root. In general the contents of total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Re of Korean ginseng berry were significantly higher than those of Korean ginseng seed and American ginseng seed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

Background: The ginseng berry has various bioactivities, including antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, we have revealed that the active antiaging component of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol, has the ability to stimulate longevity via gene activation. Despite the many known beneficial effects of ginseng, its effects on skin aging are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of ginseng and the ginseng berry on one of the skin aging processes, melanogenesis, and age-related pigment lipofuscin accumulation, to elucidate the mechanism of action with respect to antiaging. Methods: The human melanoma MNT1 cell line was treated with ginseng root extract, ginseng berry extract, or syringaresinol. Then, the cells were analyzed using a melanin assay, and the tyrosinase activity was estimated. The Caenorhabditis elegans wild type N2 strain was used for the life span assay to analyze the antiaging effects of the samples. A lipofuscin fluorescence assay was performed during 10 passages with the syringaresinol treatment. Results: A 7-d treatment with ginseng berry extract reduced melanin accumulation and tyrosinase activity more than ginseng root extract. These results may be due to the active compound of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol. The antimelanogenic activity was strongly coordinated with the activation of the longevity gene foxo3a. Moreover, the ginseng berry extract had more potent antiaging effects, caused a life span extension, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that these antimelanogenic effects and antiaging effects of ginseng berry mediate the activation of antioxidation-FoxO3a signaling.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2012

Panax ginseng has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine. More recently, it has received attention for its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects in humans and in animal models of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we tested the hypoglycemic effects of ginseng berry extract in beta-cell-deficient mice and investigated the mechanisms involved. Red (ripe) and green (unripe) berry extracts were prepared and administered orally (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice daily for 10 wk. The body weight was measured daily, and the nonfasting blood glucose levels were measured after 5 and 10 wk after administration. Glucose tolerance tests were performed, and the serum insulin levels were measured. The proliferation of beta-cells was measured in vitro. The administration of red or green ginseng berry extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels and improved the glucose tolerance in beta-cell deficient mice, with the higher doses resulting in better effects. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was significantly increased in berry extract-treated mice compared with streptozotocin-induced diabetic control mice. Treatment with ginseng berry extract increased beta-cell proliferation in vitro. Both red berry and green berry extracts improved glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and increased insulin secretion, possibly due to increased beta-cell proliferation. These results suggest that ginseng berry extracts might have beneficial effects on beta-cell regeneration.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2010

The root of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a commonly used herbal medicine in China, Korea, Japan. However, the compositions and effects of Korean ginseng berry are not clear to date. In order to investigate the anti-aging effects in the skin, Korean ginseng berry was extracted with 70% ethanol and tested the biological effects. In the results, Korean ginseng berry extract showed an excellent anti-oxidant effect against oxidative stress and decreased MMP-1 over-expression induced by UV irradiation. Especially the main component of Korean ginseng berry extract, ginsenoside Re, increased hyaluronic acid in HaCaT keratinocytes. We improved Korean ginseng berry could be a good material for the anti-aging effect of skin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2013

MGB-20 findings show that the ginseng berry extracts that had been processed with microwave and vinegar for 20 min peaked in the level of ginsenoside Rg2 (2.28%) and Rh1 (1.28%). MGB-1 peaked in the level of ginsenoside Rg3 (1.13%) in the ginseng berry extract processed with microwave and vinegar for 1 min.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2011

This study was carried out to utilize the byproducts (flower, immature and mature berry, leaf and stem) of ginseng. Yield of byproducts were $32.7{\pm}9.8g$ in flower, $68.2{\pm}2.2g$ in immature berry, $48.5{\pm}4.3g$ in mature berry, $316.2{\pm}20.5g$ in leaf, and $296.6{\pm}15.4g$ in stem per $3.3m^2$ ($180{\times}90cm$, ginseng root $675.5{\pm}35.7g$/drybasis. The total saponin contents of ginseng byproducts and root are $52.36{\pm}1.24$, $68.71{\pm}1.98$, $168.89{\pm}0.57$, $68.26{\pm}1.32$, $7.85{\pm}0.61$ and $35.08{\pm}0.96$ mg/g, respectively. The main ginsenoside of all byproducts was Re and the highest content was $132.23{\pm}1.56$ mg/g in mature berry. But flower and berry was not detected Rf and Rh1, respectively. Total polyphenolic compound content on mature berry was the highest, $2.242{\pm}0.140%$, after, immature berry > leaf > flower > root > stem order. The DPPH radical scavenging activity on mature berry was the highest, $0.115{\pm}0.004$ mg/mL($IC_{50}$), and the others were the same order of polyphenolic compound and ginsenoside content on byproducts.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2019

Ginseng berry(GB)는 진세노사이드Re를 함유하고 있으며, 항염, 피부 주름 완화의 기능을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Ginseng berry 아미노산 복합체의 TLC 분획 fraction 1, 2, 4를 확인하고 HPLC로 분석하였으며, fraction 1의 LC/MASS 분석을 통해 peptide (AP-1)를 동정하였다. AP-1에 의한 NO 생성 억제 효과를 조사하여 항염증 활성을 확인하였다. 또한 procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP) ELISA kit를 이용한 collagen 합성은 대조군 대비 50% 이상의 효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 진생베리 아미노산 복합체로부터 분리한 펩타이드는 항염과 주름개선 효능을 가진다고 사료되며, 향후 항염 및 항노화 화장품 원료로서의 이용 가능성을 보였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

Background: Antihyperglycemic effects of Panax ginseng berry have never been explored in humans. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy and safety of a 12-wk treatment with ginseng berry extract in participants with a fasting glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 140 mg/dL. Methods: This study was a 12-wk, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 72 participants were randomly allocated to two groups of either ginseng berry extract or placebo, and 63 participants completed the study. The parameters related to glucose metabolism were assessed. Results: Although the present study failed to show significant antihyperglycemic effects of ginseng berry extract on the parameters related to blood glucose and lipid metabolism in the total study population, it demonstrated that ginseng berry extract could significantly decrease serum concentration of fasting glucose by 3.7% (p = 0.035), postprandial glucose at 60 min during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test by 10.7% (p = 0.006), and the area under the curve for glucose by 7.7% (p = 0.024) in those with fasting glucose level of 110 mg/dL or higher, while the placebo group did not exhibit a statistically significant decrease. Safety profiles were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study suggests that ginseng berry extract has the potential to improve glucose metabolism in human, especially in those with fasting glucose level of 110 mg/dL or higher. For a more meaningful benefit, further research in people with higher blood glucose levels is required.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2012

This study was conducted to select plant growth regulators effective at ginseng berry set inhibition to help root growth in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). PGRs (ethephon, gibberellic acid, maleic hydrazide, coumarin) were applied to field grown 5-year-old Korean ginseng between one and two times, before and during bloom in 2009, 2010. The number of treatment was more effective in ginseng berry set inhibition when used two times compared with one time in GA 1,000 ppm, MH (5,000, 10,000 ppm), coumarin (5,000, 10,000 ppm) treatment. According to treatment period of plant growth regulator, ginseng berry set inhibition rate from 20days before flowering date to 5days after blooming was the highest in MH 5000 ppm showing 99.9% and the lowest in GA 100 ppm showing 32.8%. The spray treatments of Ethephon (50, 150 ppm) and MH (5,000, 10,000 ppm) from 20 days before the flowering bloom up to 5 days before, and coumarin (5,000, 10,000 ppm) from 20 days to 6 days and before blooming that induced the inhibitory effect more than 90% after 12 weeks. Considering ginseng berry set inhibition characteristics and treatment period ethephon and coumarin was important about applied period but, MH treatment appeared to effective ginseng berry set inhibition regardless of treatment period.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2020

진생베리는 진세노사이드 Re을 다량함유하고 있고 항염, 항암, 혈당강하 및 미백효과가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Rhizopus Oligosporus 균주를 이용하여 진생베리 발효공정을 확립하였으며 진생베리 발효물에 대한 화장품 약리활성을 분석하였다. 발효에 의한 인삼 베리 추출물의 전자 공여 능력은 1,000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 81%를 나타냈다. ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거능 1,000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 100.2% 효과를 나타내었다. 피부 미백과 관련된 티로시나 아제 억제 효과는 1,000 ㎍ /mL 농도에서 57%였다. 피부 주름과 관련된 엘라스타제 억제효과는 1,000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 47%였다. 또한, 콜라게나제 억제 효과는 1,000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 33%였다. 이상의 결과로부터 진생베리 발효물이 항염과 미백, 주름개선 효능을 가진다고 판단된다. 따라서 진생베리 발효물이 향우 항염 및 항노화 화장품 원료로서의 이용 가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다.