• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2019

The paradigm of chronic liver diseases has been shifting. Although hepatitis B and C viral infections are still the main causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the introduction of effective antiviral drugs may control or cure them in the near future. In contrast, the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing for decades, and 25 to 30% of the general population in Korea is estimated to have NAFLD. Over 10% of NAFLD patients may have nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of NAFLD. NASH can progress to cirrhosis and HCC. NASH is currently the second leading cause to be placed on the liver transplantation list in the United States. NAFLD is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology is complex and associated with lipotoxicity, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and insulin resistance. The only proven effective treatment is weight reduction by diet and exercise. However, this may not be effective for advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Therefore, effective drugs are urgently needed for treating these conditions. Unfortunately, no drugs have been approved for the treatment of NASH. Many pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop new drugs for the treatment of NASH. Some of them are in phase 2 or 3 clinical trials. Here, pharmacologic therapies in clinical trials, as well as the basic principles of drug therapy, will be reviewed, focusing on pathophysiology.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Purpose: This study analyzed the general status and conditions of the kimchi industry in Korea. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the information of a desirable kimchi market by analyzing the distribution, price, market, and consumers of kimchi based on the current status and status of the kimchi industry in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: This study basically conducted research design and analysis based on theoretical consideration and kimchi market data. Results: The conclusion of the study is that in order to globalize kimchi, it is expected that a strategy to target overseas markets with relatively low competition through a low-salt diet and premium strategy along with the image of Western health is expected. Conclusions: In Korea, small and medium-sized companies can target the B2B (Business-to-Business) market first and then target department stores or convenience stores at a stable time in the future to expand sales channels and profitability through premium or low-cost policies. Another strategy is to target overseas markets as soon as the company stabilizes through B2B. Therefore, in the kimchi industry, it is necessary to establish a sales/marketing strategy according to what position and position of one's own company in the kimchi industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.40-55
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the development of nutrition education programs to improve the mealtime behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by investigating the mealtime behavior and food preferences of children with ASD through the perception of special education teachers. Surveys were given to 108 special education teachers in special education schools in Korea regarding the demographic characteristics, nutrition education support needs, mealtime behavior, and food preferences of children with ASD. Most of the special education teachers responded that nutrition education in special schools had not been conducted properly and nutrition education for ASD children is necessary. Mealtime behavior analysis classified the behavior into three clusters: cluster 1, 'less problematic mealtime behavior'; cluster 2, 'general feature of autism'; cluster 3, 'difficulty in self-directed diet'. The age, eating habits, and food preferences were different according to each mealtime behavior cluster. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop a nutrition education program based on the characteristics of mealtime behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Objectives: Eight Constitution Medicine (ECM) categorizes individuals into eight constitutions based on physiological differences in organ relations and recommends different diets for different constitutions. This study presents a preliminary analysis of the effect of following constitutional food regimens on quality of life and health outcomes for different constitutions. Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study used subjects recruited from Essen University Hospital Traditional Chinese Medicine Center in Germany. From a convenience sample of 243 Germans, those in the groups Hepatonia/Cholecystonia (n = 95) and Pulmotonia/Colonotonia (n = 26) were analyzed for health outcomes in relation to their dietary habits of either including or avoiding meat. Health outcomes were measured with SF-36, self-reported survey. Results: The two groups had no significant differences in the health outcomes of SF-36. However, subjects in Hepatonia/Cholecystonia who had followed their dietary habit for more than 20 years had significantly better scores on general health, social functioning, mental health, emotional role functioning, and mental component scores than those in Pulmotonia/Colonotonia, regardless of their meat intake. Conclusions: This study established initial groundwork for considering patients' constitutions when evaluating health outcomes and their relation to diet. Further studies are warranted on the effects of regulating food intake according to individual constitution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze information about dietary information presented in the television broadcast media in order to determine the optimal communication method that will provide desirable information to the general public. To that end, stakeholders were recruited and trained before and during the study. Three airwaves broadcasters and four comprehensive programming channels were monitored for Three months. The results are as follows. In total 172 food and nutrition programs are reported on. As information from the monitored programs was investigated, results showed a frequency of 136 separate informative programs (79.1%) and 36 entertainment programs (20.9%). Second, the broadcasters included are KBS, MBC, SBS, while the channels are TV Chosun, JTBC, Channel A, and MBN. Third, 109 reports (63.3%) were about ingredients & cuisine, followed by 63 reports (36.7%) on health and diet. This research provides transitional knowledge regarding the correlation between dietary information and the media. Moreover, this research contributes to advocating public health by enhancing the quality from broadcast media about dietary information.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2023

Purpose: Motivated by the fact that Malaysians fish consumption patterns and preferences have raised sustainability concerns, this study aims to understand the key entry points to promote sustainable consumption and increased uptake of sustainably sourced fish among Malaysian consumers. This is achieved by exploring the individual determinants of Malaysian consumers' fish purchasing behaviors and their subjective and objective knowledge of fish. Research design, data, and methodology: A survey was conducted using interviewled questionnaire on 250 consumers in selected Malaysian populations recruited via street-intercept random sampling. Results: Findings confirmed the homogeneous societal culture of fish consumption amongst Malaysians. Females and consumers with advanced degree are found to be potentially effective primary targets of sustainable consumption interventions. Future interventions should consider the solutions to the low health and sustainability literacies among Malaysian consumers, and limited availability, accessibility, and affordability of sustainable options in Malaysia. Conclusion: The study findings provide new insights for the multisectoral stakeholders in the region working on promoting sustainable fish consumption and sustainable fisheries in general.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.841-847
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate on bone density and nutrient intake of university students in Seoul area. Nutrient intake data were obtained by using the 24-hour recall method to evaluate the usual diet of the subjects. BQI(bone quality index) of the subjects was measured by an Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS). The results are summarized as follows: The average height, weight, BMI of the male and female student were 173.3 cm, 68.5 kg, 22.7; 161.4 cm, 54.2 kg, 20.8, respectively. The BQI and Z-score of the subjects were 99.50, -0.69 in male student group, and 82.6, -1.15 in female student group, respectively. Normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis percentage by bone status were 73.8%, 24.9%, 1.3% in male student group, and 39.8%, 57.6%, 2.6% in female student group, respectively. Energy intake of male and female group were 71.7%, 79.1% of EER(estimated energy requirement) respectively. Fiber, Ca, Vit $B_2$, niacin, folic acid, Vit C intake were less than RI(recommended intake) and protein, phosphorus intake were higher than RI in subjects. Nutrient intake were not significantly related with BQI in male and female groups generally.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.857-860
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• 2023

We investigated the fecal properties and hemoglobin levels in dogs fed with general canine diets and 7 black soldier fly-based companion canine diets. A total of 16 dogs, including 8 poodles (average weight 2.7±0.5 kg) and 8 bichon frises (average weight 2.0±0.5 kg) were used in this study. The changes in fecal properties of all treatments at 0 weeks and 2 weeks showed no significant differences (p>0.05). However, at 4 weeks, compared to the control group, all black soldier fly-based companion canine diets have an effect on fecal properties (p<0.05). Hemoglobin levels in all treatments were within the normal range. Therefore, feeding black soldier fly-based diets to canines affected the fecal properties and the hemoglobin level was not of clinical concern since it was within the desired reference intervals for healthy canines, indicating that the effect of iron supplementation and anemia prevention was not observed.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Influenza is the most common seasonal infectious disease that causes permanent social, economic, and medical problems worldwide. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent influenza is through vaccines. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of factors that determine the refusal of influenza vaccine among three subjects groups. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted amongst the three high-risk groups in 2018-2019 (Moscow, Russia). The survey involved 1,620 parents and pregnant women (group 1), 324 doctors (group 2), and 433 students (group 3). Poor vaccine uptake was observed among respondents in all three groups. Results: According to the survey results, only 22.2% of children and 13.8% of adults were vaccinated against influenza. Group 2 showed increased rates with 36.7% of vaccinated adults and 58.7% of children. The lowest adherence to annual vaccinations was recorded in group 3 (only 17.3%). There is also a negative correlation between adherence to vaccination and smoking (-0.66), unhealthy diet (-0.73), poor oral hygiene (-0.61), and insufficient awareness of the need for influenza vaccine as well (-0.81). Conclusion: Thus, a general lack of vaccination awareness has a fundamental role in forming a negative attitude toward influenza vaccine. It is necessary to conduct research to promote vaccination against influenza to improve vaccine uptake among high-risk groups, particularly students.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze health behavior by comparing the difference between self-perceived health status and health examination results. The study subjects consist of 7,702 people aged over 20, surveyed by Health Interview survey, Health Examination survey, Dietary Life survey, Health Consciousness and Behavior survey. Data used in the study are drawn from raw data from a 1998 National Health and Nutrition survey. General characteristics variables are sex, age, education level, residential area, marital status, occupation, and living standard while dichotomous variables, ‘not healthy’ and ‘healthy’ are used to measure self-perceived health status. Variables for health examination results are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, liver diseases, liver inflammation, kidney diseases, normal weight, regular diet, optimum sleeping time(7-8 hours), regular health examination and health behavior practice group. Major findings of the study are as follows: 1) Analysis of self-perceived health status and health behavior by disease: Variables significantly correlated with high self-perceived health status have strong associations with high health behavior practice, which supports the hypothesis that as one has high self-perceived health status, one is more likely to practice health promoting behavior. The results of analysis of health behavior differences by dividing subjects into two categories, ‘cases of illness’ and ‘cases of no illness’ indicate that drinking, sleeping time, health examination are significant variables (p〈0.001, 0.05) whereas smoking, weight control, regular exercise, regular diet are not significant. 2) Analysis of disparity patterns between self-perceived health status and health examination: The hypothesis that health behaviors would be different according to the disparity pattern between self-perceived health status and health examination is supported as a result of χ2 test. Among Type I : Self-perceived health status is high and actual health status is good (no disease) Type II: Self-perceived health status is high and actual health status is poor(have disease) Type III: Self-perceived health status is low and actual health status is good(no disease) Type IN: Self-perceived health status is low and actual health status is poor(have disease) Type I and Type IV show no disparity, Type I shows the highest health promoting behavior whereas Type IV shows the lowest health promoting behavior. Type II, and III, compared to Type I, practise lower health promoting behavior. Multi-logistics regression analysis was conducted to find out the degree of impact on health behavior. Independent variables are general characteristics, self-perceived health status and health examination result and presence of illness, while the dependent variable is health promoting behavior. The analysis of the impact of self-perceived health status on the health promoting behavior shows that smoking, drinking, weight control, regular exercise, health examination practice, and/or regular diet are significantly correlated to self-perceived health status. High self-perceived health status is inversely related to high health promoting behavior. This finding supports the hypothesis that the higher one perceives one's health, the more likely one is to practice health promoting behavior. On the contrary, the presence of illness has little impact on health promoting behavior. 3) Multiple logistics analysis on how disparity patterns between self-perceived health status and health examination affect health behavior: The results of multiple logistics analysis made on health behavior variables compared to the standard variable are as follows: When analyzed on the standard of Type I, smoking is a significant risk factor for the Type IV. In case of drinking, all the patterns show a high probability of relative risk ratio. With regard to weight control, it is a risk factor for Type II while all the patterns show high probability of not practising when analyzed on the standard of type IV. Type III and IV show high probability of not doing regular exercise while Type IV, shows a high probability of not taking appropriate sleeping time. When analyzed on the standard of type IV, all the patterns show a high probability of not taking health examinations. Type III and IV show a high probability of not having regular meals. As for overall health promoting behavior, Type III and IV show a high relative risk ratio. These two groups have low self-perceived health status. It implies that self-perceived health status has significant impact on health promoting behavior. This is also supported by the fact that Type I with high self-perceived health status and no illness shows a high practice rate of health promoting behavior. Types II and III the groups with high disparity between self-perceived health status and health examination results, show a low practice rate of health promoting behavior when compared to Type I. Type IV, that is the group with low self-perceived health status and actual illness, shows the lowest practice of health promoting behavior. It is highly probable that this type proves to be the poorest health group.