• 영어영문학
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2018

This essay examines Toni Morrison's African-American characters' struggle in The Bluest Eye (1970) and Home (2012) through the lens of heteronormativity, arguing that they suffer double victimization due to both their race and gender. The Bluest Eye portrays a family tragedy caused by an African-American husband and wife's failure to live up to images of gender as represented in white, middle-class media. Written forty-two years later, Home describes an African-American man and woman who establish their own lives away from gendered standards after striving to meet social expectations and becoming traumatized in the process. Their adversities stem not only from the deeply rooted racial discrimination in American society but also from subtle gendered norms implanted by heteronormativity. Morrison's characters in her earlier narrative face a tragic denouement, ultimately destroying their children's lives. By contrast, Morrison's later characters explore more utopian ways of life unfettered by heteronormativity, overcoming hardships imposed by white-centered heteronormal society. By portraying socially victimized characters, Toni Morrison problematizes the power behind the discriminatory nature of heteronormativity and suggests a more gender-neutral, egalitarian way of organizing society, free from the constraints of heterosexuality and from violence created by normalized gender rules.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2024

본 연구는 한부모가족 가구주 본인과 자녀가 경험한 차별경험이 가구주의 우울에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 표본은 여성가족부의 「2021년도 한부모가족 실태조사를」를 활용하여, 연구에 부합한 1,631명의 데이터를 분석대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS 25.0을 통해 기술통계, 차이검증, 상관관계, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반적 특성을 한부모 및 가족특성 요인, 건강요인, 경제자원 요인으로 구분하고 이에 따른 우울과의 차이를 분석한 결과 건강요인 중 건강상태, 운동빈도, 우울감 해결 방법이 유의미했고, 경제자원 요인은 거주 형태, 월 가구소득이 유의미했다. 둘째, 차별경험이 우울에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석한 결과 건강요인의 건강상태, 경제자원 요인의 월 가구소득, 가구주 차별경험, 자녀 차별경험, 전체 차별경험이 유의미했다. 한부모 및 가족특성 요인은 유의미한 변수가 없었다. 따라서 한부모가족 가구주의 건강요인과 경제자원 요인을 비롯해 차별경험이 우울을 증가시키는 중요한 변수임을 확인하고 이에 따른 대안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2011

Introduction: This study evaluated nerve recovery through retrospective study of patients with lingual nerve damage. Patients and Methods: The patients who visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital for an injury to the lingual nerve from April 1988 to August 2009 were enrolled in this study (n=41). The relevance of various factors including the causes of damage, age, etc. was analyzed by the subjective improvement based upon questionnaires and the clinical records. The evaluation variants were a subjective assessment and neurosensory examination composed of the direction, contact threshold, two-point discrimination, pin prick, thermal discrimination and current perception threshold. Results: The causes of lingual nerve damage were an extraction of the lower third molar (75.6%), local anesthesia (9.7%), incision and drainage (4.88%), trauma (2.44%). The evaluation of subjective prognosis exhibited no difference in sensory improvement depending on the cause, age and gender. Based upon the subjective evaluation, 44.7% of patients showed sensory improvement. The first hospital visit from injury was shorter in the group showing subjective improvement (3.41 months) than those showing no improvement (5.24 months) (P=0.301). Thirty six out of 41 patients were treated with only conservative therapy and 5 patients were treated by surgical intervention. Neurosensory examinations revealed improvement, although not statistically significant, and the degree was higher in the subjectively improved group. The contact threshold discrimination showed the highest correlation with subjective improvement (P=0.069). Most of the sensory recovery was gained within 12 months and the degree of improvement at the tip of the tongue was higher than that of the dorsum (P<0.001). Conclusion: The damaged lingual nerve improved at a rate of 44.7% and mostly within 12 months after the incident. There was no difference between the subjective prognosis and neurosensory examination depending on the cause of damage, age and gender, whereas the contact threshold discrimination was the best variant that reflected the subjective prognosis statistically.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2019

본 연구는 근로청소년을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 업무과잉, 일생활 균형, 직무열의 정도를 파악하고 직무열의에 미치는 영향을 성별로 구분하여 알아보고자 하였다. 제5차 근로환경조사에 응답한 만 24세 이하 1,772명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 일반적 특성, 업무과잉, 일생활 균형, 직무열의 정도는 기술통계, t-검정, ANOVA를 이용하였으며, 직무열의에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 다중 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과, 남성의 경우 전문직, 자영업, 주 41-52시간 근무, 고용차별을 경험한 적이 없는 경우 직무열의는 높았다. 여성의 경우 만 19세 이하, 대졸 이상, 전문직, 임시근로, 주 41-52시간 근무, 성차별, 고용차별을 경험한 적이 없는 경우 직무열의는 높았다. 또한, 남녀 모두 업무과잉이 적고 일생활 균형 상태일수록 직무열의는 높았다. 본 연구는 우리나라 근로자의 대표성을 지니는 근로환경조사를 이용한 근로청소년의 직무열의 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있겠으나, 학업 여부나 군 복무 등 구체적인 상황을 고려하지 못한 한계를 지닌다. 본 연구를 통하여 근로청소년을 이해하고 직무열의 향상을 위한 교육 프로그램 개발에 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between women's social status, social participation, freedom, and clothing, and the manner in which women's clothing affected women's freedom and social participation through the centuries. The stimuli for the study were six images that were used to ask about women's perception of clothing and their social participation. The analysis of the study was used to provide descriptive statistics, frequencies, and Independent sample t-test. The study participants were 268 female college students from a central university in Korea. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 33 years, with a mean age of 20.93. Ninety-seven percent of the participants said they usually or always were influenced emotionally, psychologically and in terms of external factors by what they wear. Approximately 60% of the women answered that women were limited to social participation by what they wear. These study results indicated that clothing for women did not just function to cover the body, but was also used as a tool to restrict women's behavior, social role, gender discrimination, and social participation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제23권1_2호
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• pp.193-231
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to clarify the real causes of gender wage differentials in Korea by analyzing changes over the period from 1984 to 1999. The participation rate of women in the Korean labor force has gradually increased since 1963, reaching 47.4 percent as of 1999. This increase can be attributed to more active participation by women of all ages, except those aged 15-19, as a result of their enrollment in higher level education. In particular, a remarkable rise in labor market participation was achieved by those aged 25-29. On the other hand, the ratio of female workers earnings to that of male workers has increased from 45.1 percent in 1972 to 63.1 percent in 1999. However, when the gender wage differentials are decomposed into various factors, it is found that discrimination components against female workers, compared to the skills or productivity characteristics, played a greater role for the 1994 to 1999 period.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : This study is purposed to investigate the statistically significant discrimination model for predicting vocal fold nodule and polyp's lesional grade, with patients' background data and objective voice evaluation parameters. Materials and Method : The retrospective research was carried out at the Ewha Womans University Hospital. 122 patients' voice examination data had been selected, and lesion screening (Grade I, II, and III) was conducted by 2 ENT specialists, with each patient's vocal fold pictures achieved during the laryngoscopy examination. Results : The Lesional Grade Discrimination Model with which the lesional grade of vocal fold nodules and polyps could be predicted was derived by the ordinal logistic regression analysis (using SPSS 10.0). With this model the lesional grades of 73 out of 122 patients(59.8%) were correctly predicted to their formerly screened ones. Conclusion : This model applied the multivariate approach, which statistically combined these currently used parameters, Jitter, Shimmer, MFR, MPT, and patient's background data such as gender and dysphonia period. It might explain the status of benign lesion of vocal folds, and furthermore expect the physiological function of vocal folds.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2019

본 연구는 병원의 비정규직 사무직을 대상으로 차별과 직무만족의 관계를 분석하였다. 2017년 12월 1일부터 12월 31일 사이에 전국의 7개 대학병원에 근무하는 비정규직 사무직 128명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석방법은 일반적 특성에 따른 차별경험, 직무만족 차이분석을 위한 t-검정, ANOVA 분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 적용하였다. 연구의 주요 결과를 보면, 환경불공정성, 지위불공정성 및 고용불안정성이 유의한 음(-)의 영향력을 보였고, 일반적 특성은 성별, 교육, 소득이 유의한 음(-)의 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 병원의 경우 여성이 남성에 비해 차별이 높고, 직무만족도가 떨어지는 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 따라 병원에서는 비정규직 여성을 위한 친화적 직장 분위기를 만들기 위한 적극적인 노력이 필요함을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2017

본 연구는 세계경제포럼에서 매년 발간하는 "The Global Gender Gap Report"의 전 세계 145개 국가를 대상으로 젠더 갭의 요인을 살펴보고 소득성장과 경제구조 고도화와의 관계를 회귀분석을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 젠더 갭의 요인 중 성비는 소득성장의 지표인 GNI 성장률과 경제구조 고도화의 지표인 ICT 개발지수에 정(+)의 관계를 보였고, 여성문맹률은 소득성장에만 유의미한 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 여성국회의원비율은 소득성장에만 유의미한 정(+)의 관계를 보였고, 여성노동참여율은 경제구조 고도화에만 유의미한 정(+)의 관계를 보였다. 이 분석 결과를 통해 여러 국가들은 다가올 4차 산업혁명 시대에 여성노동에 대해 고민하며 대응하기 위한 제도 및 정책을 바탕으로 한 전략수립의 과제를 수립할 필요가 있다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2019

Purpose : Using qualitative research and a phenomenological approach, the present study aimed to explore men's experiences of becoming a nurse. We posed the question "What has been your experience of becoming a nurse?" Methods : Eleven male nurses from three regions in Korea were selected through convenience sampling. The protocol suggested by Colaizzi was used for data analysis. Results : The principal themes were "Challenging to the stochastic stereotype of gender mechanics," "Floating outside the enclosure of multiple groups," "The male nurse's conceptualization of nursing organizations," "To stand with self-doubt, thinking of it as a stopover," and "Situations encountered by a male nurse." Conclusion : Men experience gender discrimination based on the social roles that are imposed on males and females both at school and in the workplace. They prefer to work where they have more diverse tasks that require quick responses. However, most male nurses adapt to this work by outlasting the difficulties. These nurses become accustomed to their tasks, and satisfied with their mature work performance. They often feel they are not adequately compensated for their work. They may judge the future as uncertain, and have lingering doubts about maintaining their positions, ultimately gravitating toward specialized fields that promise a brighter future and are more consistent with traditional gender expectations.