• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.872-881
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• 2002

Student questioning is included in the priority of science literacy, to enable students to solve problems by exploring questions, communicating and constructing knowledge(AAAS, 1989). Also, the essence of student questioning in science lies in its function as a link between thinking and learning. But educators did not pay much attention to students' questioning in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of science question enhancement instruction on students' science questioning level and achievement. Also, this study showed the effects of other variables(logical thinking, science achievement, interest, and gender) on students' science questioning level. The pretest-posttest control group design group design was used. The sample was consisted of 80 second grade middle school students in experimental group(Science question enhancement instruction) and 74 students in control group(Traditional learning). Students in both groups were received identical content instruction on the unit 'Structures and functions of plant'. These groups were treated for 15 hours during 6 weeks. Students' questions were rated using the four levels described by the Middle School Students' Science Question Rating Scale(r= .96,)(Cuccio-Schirripa & Steinner, 2000). Science achievement data were collected using a 17 item multiple choice test(Cronbach ${\alpha}$= .84). To investigate students' logical thinking ability, a abridged GALT(Cronbach ${\alpha}$= .69) was used. Five-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the results. The results indicated that students who received instruction on researchable questioning outperformed those students who were not instructed on high-order questioning(p< .01). Results of correlations indicated that instruction(r= .640), science achievement(r= .311) and logical thinking ability(r= .212) was significantly and positively related with students' questioning level. But, interest and gender did not show any significant correlation with students' questioning level. Science question enhancement instruction was more effective on science achievement than the traditional instruction(p< .01).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-196
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between job physical risk factor analysis by ergonomists using ergonomic methods and physical examinations made by occupational physicians on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Background: Ergonomics is the systematic application of principles concerned with the design of devices and working conditions for enhancing human capabilities and optimizing working and living conditions. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent injuries and physical and emotional stress. The major types of ergonomic injuries and incidents are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), acute strains, sprains, and system failures. Minimization of use of excessive force and awkward postures can help to prevent such injuries Method: Initial data were collected as part of a larger study by the University of Utah Ergonomics and Safety program field data collection teams and medical data collection teams from the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH). Subjects included 173 male and female workers, 83 at Beehive Clothing (a clothing plant), 74 at Autoliv (a plant making air bags for vehicles), and 16 at Deseret Meat (a meat-processing plant). Posture and effort levels were analyzed using a software program developed at the University of Utah (Utah Ergonomic Analysis Tool). The Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) was developed to assess the risk of epicondylitis from observable job physical factors. The model considers five job risk factors: (1) intensity of exertion, (2) forearm rotation, (3) wrist posture, (4) elbow compression, and (5) speed of work. Qualitative ratings of these physical factors were determined during video analysis. Personal variables were also investigated to study their relationship with epicondylitis. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between risk factors and symptoms of epicondyle pain. Results: Results of this study indicate that gender, smoking status, and BMI do have an effect on the risk of epicondylitis but there is not a statistically significant relationship between EEM and epicondylitis. Conclusion: This research studied the relationship between an Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) and the occurrence of epicondylitis. The model was not predictive for epicondylitis. However, it is clear that epicondylitis was associated with some individual risk factors such as smoking status, gender, and BMI. Based on the results, future research may discover risk factors that seem to increase the risk of epicondylitis. Application: Although this research used a combination of questionnaire, ergonomic job analysis, and medical job analysis to specifically verify risk factors related to epicondylitis, there are limitations. This research did not have a very large sample size because only 173 subjects were available for this study. Also, it was conducted in only 3 facilities, a plant making air bags for vehicles, a meat-processing plant, and a clothing plant in Utah. If working conditions in other kinds of facilities are considered, results may improve. Therefore, future research should perform analysis with additional subjects in different kinds of facilities. Repetition and duration of a task were not considered as risk factors in this research. These two factors could be associated with epicondylitis so it could be important to include these factors in future research. Psychosocial data and workplace conditions (e.g., low temperature) were also noted during data collection, and could be used to further study the prevalence of epicondylitis. Univariate analysis methods could be used for each variable of EEM. This research was performed using multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to recognize the different effect of each variable. Basically, the difference between univariate and multivariate analysis is that univariate analysis deals with one predictor variable at a time, whereas multivariate analysis deals with multiple predictor variables combined in a predetermined manner. The univariate analysis could show how each variable is associated with epicondyle pain. This may allow more appropriate weighting factors to be determined and therefore improve the performance of the EEM.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.574-591
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• 2001

This study reviews the concept and characteristics of the deconstruction philosophy in order to analyze the major aspects of the fashion world called the deconstruction fashion based on the deconstruction philosophy, and analyzes the works of Jean Paul Gaultier in terms of Derrida's deconstruction theory. The scope of this research is from 1980 to present, and this study fashion on the many kinds of literature on philosophy, aesthetics and literary criticism, and the domestic and international fashion journals and magazines. The deconstructionism is the philosophical theory which denies the traditionally recognized logocentric metaphysical theory and refuses the closed world and pursues the open world, opposing the dichotomic theory which is the deep-rooted tradition of the Western philosophy. The results of analyses centering on the internal deconstruction trend expressed in the works of Jean Paul Gaultier are as follows. 1 The past style combined with the present appears in the form of the entirely new trace, not the past emotion and meaning in Gaultier's works transcending the time and space. 2 Gaultier presents the unconventional intermeaning of meanings, producing various possibilities according to the wearing method of the wearer by layering several clothes. 3. Gaultier breaks from masculinity and femininity in the intertextuality of gender, and decomposes the fixed idea of men's or ladies'wear through the design sharing bisexual text. 4. In the intertextuality of T.P.O., Gaultier presents the problem of how to wear by mixing different items through obscuring the division of the nature of time, space, and purpose. Especially Gaultier can be called the first designer who, worthy of the father of the deconstructionism, has introduced in the fashion making inner wear like outer wear. 5. In the intertextuality of coordination, Gaultier presents a new perspective of coordination through free combination and contrast, raising a question about the man-made harmony criterion and deconstructing the clothes. On the other hand, Gaultier expresses the intertextuality of the material through the heterogeneous combination of the material. 6. The decomposition trend expressed in the many works of Gaultier reflects an open mind presenting a new perspective through the distortion of the form, exaggeration, and break from the existing construction method. 7. The decentering trend in the works of Gaultier is found to deconstruct the Western-dominated elements against the background of subcultural elements, the elements borrowed from the minority race, md the Oriental culture. 8. The discontinuity clothes of Gaultier present the disordered principle of design without the uniform rules, and express the unrestrained freedom without captivation by the preconceived idea through the disruption of the dress and its ornaments just like Gaultier.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.19-43
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• 2007

The Korean Society for Engineering Education (KSEE) was founded in 1994, and the Journal of Engineering Education Research has published since 1998. The purpose of the study was to analyze the research methodologies and contents for all 126 papers which were published from 1998 to 2005. A statistical package SPSS(ver. 15.0) was used to analyze the coding data of all papers. The research contents were as follows: (1) A classification of the number of papers published according to year and researcher features (gender, institution, major field, number of authors, etc) was performed, (2) The analysis of research methodologies and contents of the papers published was performed, (3) Strategies to improve the quality of the journal were suggested by discussion from the analysis results. The results showed that the development research method was used most frequently, most papers were mode by major scholars of electrical and electronic engineering and scholars of Yonsei University made the most papers. In order to use the survey research method, the sampling methods were mainly used by total number, purposive, convenience, stratified sampling method, etc, questionnaire was used of 89.5%, descriptive statistics of frequency/% was used of 50%. To conduct the experimental research method, the models of nonequivalent groups posttest-only design and one-group pretest-posttest design were adopted, respectively. Finally, research strategies and new direction for improving the engineering education journal's papers at the section of discussion and suggestion were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated age differences of preference and trust ratings when the appearance of an artificial intelligent speaker resembles a human face. The appearance of the artificial intelligent speaker was presented in seven levels from robot face to human face. In addition, face stimuli were divided into gender (male and female) and age (20s / 60s). Participants evaluated the reliability and likability of each face stimulus on a 7-point scale. The results show that younger adults tend to prefer the face that was halfway between the robot and the human face, while older adults evaluated that the perceived reliability and likability were higher when the stimuli resembled the human face. When asked to choose the most preferred of the four face categories, all participants chose a younger face. However, with additional conditions including emoticon face and empty condition, older adults still preferred human face, while younger adults preferred emoticon face and empty condition. Taken together, older adults are more receptive to human faces than robotic faces in the context of artificial intelligence speakers. Because artificial intelligent speakers can play an important role in the elderly living alone, the present study will be a good reference in the design and development of artificial intelligent speakers for the elderly users.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.629-637
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• 2016

This study examined the purchasing behavior and satisfaction of people with convenience store PB foods. The factors affecting the purchasing behavior and the overall satisfaction with the convenience store PB foods were examined. This study first found that the purchasing motivation of PB foods is the cheaper price than NB foods. Second, age is a statistically effective variable for the visit frequency at the convenience store and gender and age are effective variables for the purchase frequency of PB foods. Third, there is a statistically positive correlation of convenience store brand preference with the PB food brand preference for 6 food categories. Next, in terms of the attribute-level satisfaction, the most satisfied areas are diverse food groups and diverse food taste and the least satisfied areas is price. This is followed by taste and design/packaging influence overall satisfaction. From this analysis, the following suggestions were drawn. First, because consumers are likely to be matched convenience store brand preference and PB food brand preference, advertising is necessary to ensure that the consumers continue to visit the convenience store. Second, product improvement by increasing the quality should be designed to motivate the major consumer group of people in their 20s and 30s. Finally, to boost PB food satisfaction, the industry should improve the taste and design/packaging.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

Purpose - Nowadays the competition between companies has been intensified in the aviation industry. It is hard to maintain successful market share in challenging managerial environment. Not long ago, a Korean major aviation company had faced social condemnation cause of managerial staff's immoral behaviors. That company suffers great losses in company brand value in terms of authenticity as an aviation company. This research tried to show the effect of brand authenticity in the aviation industry. First of all, this research tried to define the dimensions of the brand authenticities based on the former researches. This research suggested the airline brand authenticities as three kinds of dimensions. The dimensions of authenticities consist of performance aspects, symbolic aspects and moral aspects. And this research also tried to show the relationships between brand authenticities and consumers attitudes. Research design, data and methodology - The empirical research design is based on the experiments with six types of advertisement prototypes. The advertisement prototypes were based on three types of authenticities' characteristics. The prototypes were made of core statements about each authenticity. And the advertisement prototypes also were based on the aviation company types. The types of aviation companies could be divided into FSC(full service carrier)and LCC(low cost carrier). So the whole experiments were performed with six kinds of advertisement prototypes(3 brand authenticities X 2 aviation company types). The age of participants were from 20s to 40s. The proportion of participants' demographics are as follow. Age proportion is 50% of 20s and 50% of 30s and 40s. Gender proportion is 46% males and 54% females. The experiments performed through mobile devices. Advertisement prototypes were exposed to the participants through their mobile devices, and they answered the questionnaires. All the process of experiments were performed by a professional research firm to maintain the quality of data. Results - This research suggested some important outcomes as follow. First, brand authenticity had an important role to make a positive consumer attitude on the aviation company. All the three types advertisement of authenticities had a positive impact on the consumer attitude for the aviation company. Second, the three types of brand authenticities in the performance aspects, symbolic aspects, and moral aspects had a major impact on the consumers attitudes. The performance authenticity had the biggest effect on the consumer attitudes. Third, the types of aviation companies like FSC and LCC had a different correlation with types of authenticities. All the types of authenticities affected on the consumers attitudes in the FSC case. The symbolic authenticity had the biggest effect in the FSC case. But the performance authenticity showed the most striking effect in the LCC case. Conclusion - From this research, we can get a conclusion. The brand authenticity of aviation company should be managed carefully to maintain a positive brand image and consumers attitudes. And airline brand authenticities can be consist of three type dimensions. All the types of authenticities affects on the consumers attitudes positively. The symbolic authenticity affects more in the FSC case, and the performance authenticity influences more in the LCC case.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.59-70
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• 2016

Purpose - The objectives of this study are described as following. First, the study will establish the concept of Brand Values of Environmentally-friendly agricultural product through theoretical discussion. Second, it shows the effects of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products brand value on Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty by empirical investigation. Third, in order to provide the methodology of brand development, literature regarding and questionnaire survey were used such as Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products Brand Value, Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty. Based up on the results, the research estimates consumers' relative priorities of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products Brand Value factors in purchase. This research also suggests the consumer oriented new brand development and the progressive direction for the successful launching of Korean Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products Brand. Research design, data, and methodology - Because the relative literatures reviewed regarding not only each factor but also the relationships among them, Brand Value was categorized into 4 dimensions: Emotional, Social, Functional, and Epistemic Value. Then, Brand Loyalty was added as an outcome variable and Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust were also added as mediators. The proposed research model and 13 hypotheses were created and 23 measurement items were developed. A face-to-face questionnaire survey with items concerning the Brand Value of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products is conducted to housewives in metropolitan area in May 2016. Respondent answered about Brand Value, Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty in preferred Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products. 333 copies of the questionnaire were collected and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 to determine the reliability and validity of the measurements. Results - From the confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation modeling, the outcomes of these studies were as follows; (1) Three Brand value dimensions, i.e. Emotional Value, Social Value, and Epistemic Value had a significant and positive impact on Brand Satisfaction, but Functional Value did not. (2) Social Value also had an impact on Brand Trust, (3) Brand Satisfaction significantly affected Brand Trust, and Brand Trust influenced on Brand Loyalty, and (4) Brand Satisfaction were perfectly effective in mediation between Emotional Value, Epistemic Value and Brand Trust, and it also partially mediated between Social Value and Brand Trust. Conclusions - According to the result of consumer research on Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Product brand, 3 dimensions of brand value affected brand satisfaction, and especially Social Value was a significant positive dimension. So, marketers should concern about value proposition of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Product to consumers by using premium package design, store identity, and distinctive product. Consumers wanted to get self-esteem, self-regard, and high social position by purchasing it. This study has academic and practical significance, so the findings can be applied to a wide range of brand management strategies. However, there are some limitations; 1) limitation about development of new brand value dimensions, 2) limitation about gender in the area of respondents. Future research should be done with wide range of respondents.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.39-50
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• 2019

Purpose - Since the local liquor industry uses the agricultural products produced in the region as the main raw material, cultivation of the industry can be a way to expand the demand for domestic agricultural products and can contribute to the income increase of the farmers. In addition, the local liquor industry can be developed into a region-specific industry differentiated from other regions by linking with the region's tourism resources. Therefore, in order to achieve various derivative effects through promotion of the local liquor industry, it is necessary to precisely understand the factors related to the purchase and consumption of local liquor which then will lead to an increase in consumption. This study analyzes the current status and problems of local liquor industries and examines the determinants of consumers' purchasing decisions of regional specialties through questionnaires. We will then propose a strategy to promote consumption of locally produced alcoholic beverages. Research design, data, and methodology - An online Domestic Consumer Survey was conducted to identify the actual purchases and uses of local liquors for 500 consumers nationwide. Based on the questionnaire results, the analysis uses an ordered probit model. Results - As a result of analyzing the effect of consumer characteristics on the purchase of local liquors, it was found that the average cost of drinking, income, local specialty, brewery experience, and health concerns have a significant effect on gender, drinking frequency. All the variables except the participation in the training of the special provincial manufacturing method were found to be statistically significant. The statistical significance was at a 1% significance level for the remaining factors excluding the bottle design. This shows that the higher taste, quality, price, and harmony with food, the higher the probability of purchasing local liquors. Conclusions - In the analysis of factors influencing the purchase intention of local liquors, it was found that factors such as taste, quality, price, and harmony with food had a significant effect. Given the diversity of purchasing factors, the importance of diversification strategies is emphasized again. In particular, it will be important to secure wide publicity for local liquors through various PR strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

This study was aimed to study the effects of adolescents' outdoor sports and e-sports activities on their holistic health. In order for this, adolescent holistic health has been divided into three categories: physical health, mental health, and social health; and reviewed existing research on outdoor sports and e-sports. The research has found several variables for measuring the correlation between the two types of sports. The variables cover four areas: 1) General Information, determined by gender, age, preferred sport, and length of play; 2) Physical Health, as measured by six questions in the basic PAPS (Physical Activity Promotion System) survey; 3) Mental Health, as measured by stress index, self-efficacy, subjective health, and self-esteem; and 4) Social Health, as measured by variables relating to family, friends, school, and society. A total of 36 questions were devised, with 1-4 questions in each area. Primarily it examined the mental health social health. As a result, it was found that three factors have a difference such that the significance of self satisfaction. family relationships, friendships is 0.064, 0.012, 0.088 respectably.