• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1978

은행의 종실 및 잎중에서 추출 정제한 유지에 대한 지방질의 구성 및 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 신선한 종실 및 잎중의 정제한 총지방질의 함량은 각각 1.32% 및 2.24%였다. 2) 종실중의 총지방질중에는 중성지질이 약 89%, 복합지질이 약 10% 함유되어 있는데 반하여 잎중에는 중성지질이 약 28%, 복합지질이 약 72% 함유되어 있었다. 3) 종실중의 중성지질의 구성분은 다른 식물성 유지와 같이 triglyceride가 주성분으로 약 86%함유되어 있었으며, esterified sterol이 약 9%로 그 다음으로 많았다. 그러나 잎중에는 esterified sterol이 약 53%로 가장 많았고 triglyceride는 약 18%에 불과하였다. 4) 종실중의 총지방질의 주요한 구성지방산은 oleic acid(37.5%) 및 linolenic aicd(44.5%)이고, 잎의 주요 지방산은 linoleic acid(45.2%) 및 palmitic acid(25.1%)였다. 또 종실과 잎중의 중성지질을 구성하는 지방산 조성은 서로 비슷하고, oleic, linoleic 및 palmitic acid가 주요 지방산이었다. 그리고 당지질을 구성하는 지방산조성은 종실에는 oleic 및 linoleic acid의 함량이 잎보다 많은데 비하여 linolenic acid의 함량은 잎이 종실보다 훨씬 많았다. 인지질을 구성하는 지방산조성은 종실과 잎이 모두 당지질과 비슷한 경향이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.925-932
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• 2017

Changes in the metabolite profiles of Lactobacillus sakei and its growth media, based on different culture times (0, 6, 12, and 24 h), were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography-MS with partial least squares discriminant analysis, in order to understand the growth characteristics of this organism. Cell and media samples of L. sakei were significantly separated on PLS-DA score plots. Cell and media metabolites, including sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, were identified as major metabolites contributing to the difference among samples. The alteration of cell and media metabolites during cell growth was strongly associated with energy production. Glucose, fructose, carnitine, tryptophan, and malic acid in the growth media were used as primary energy sources during the initial growth stage, but after the exhaustion of these energy sources, L. sakei could utilize other sources such as trehalose, citric acid, and lysine in the cell. The change in the levels of these energy sources was inversely similar to the energy production, especially ATP. Based on these identified metabolites, the metabolomic pathway associated with energy production through lactic acid fermentation was proposed. Although further studies are required, these results suggest that MS-based metabolomic analysis might be a useful tool for understanding the growth characteristics of L. sakei, the most important bacterium associated with meat and vegetable fermentation, during growth.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 1991

Free amino acid(FAA), free fatty acid(FFA), and amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of protein components of cystic fluid(CF) of Cysticercus cellulosae in pig and man were analyzed. FFA was analyzed by gas chromatography using Varian model 2700, and flame ionization detector with 6 feet${\times}$1/4inch glass column. Flow rate of $N_2$ was 30 ml/min, $H_2$ was 30 ml/min, air was 350 ml/min respectively and chart speed was 1 cm/min. Amino acid was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography using Waters model 441, and fluorescence detector at 338nm/425nm with column of amino acid analyzer. Buffer A of mobile phase was pH 3.05 and pH of buffer B was 9.6 respectively. The results obtained were as follows : Seven FFAs containing 12~18 carbons were detected : Saturated fatty acids were lauric acid ($C_{12}$), myristic acid($C_{14}$), palmitic acid($C_{16}$), Stearic acid($C_{18}$). Unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid($C_{12}^{=1}$), linoleic acid($C_{12}^{=2}$), and one unidentified fatty acid was detected. Generally much more quantity of FFA was determined in CF obtained from pig than that from man. FFA of the largest quantity was palmitic acid; 0.078 mg/ml. Eighteen FAAs were detected and the largest quantity was alanine. Ouantity of alanine was 386 ug/ml in CF from pig 108 ug/ml in CF from man respectively. while histidine in CF from pig was 273 ug/ml, that from man was only 4.3 ug/ml. Eighteen amino acids were identified by hydrolysis of protein in CF from man. But, histidine was not identified in CF from pig. Amino from pig and ug/ml from man.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.80-99
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• 2016

Objectives : Instrumental chemical analysis was utilized to investigate the effect of Add-Omit-Saenghyeoryunbu-eum(AO-SHU) on diabetic treatment. One of the most exciting, yet also controversial, arguments is the safety and biological mechanisms of the natural medicine on human body. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding on bioactive chemical components, hazards of heavy metal contamination and biological mechanism of the diabetic medicine composed of 12 different natural herbs. Methods : To study bioactive compound and metallic component in the diabetic medicine in detail, LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass/Mass), GC (Gas Chromatography) and ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) were utilized to characterize the extract of the diabetic medicine and the result was compared with 18 marker substances selected from literature survey. In addition, in vitro assay experiments including GPR 119 activity and human DGAT-1 inhibition, and OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) were performed to verify the effectiveness of this medicine on diabetic treatment. Results : Out of 18 marker substances, 9 bioactive compounds were identified from LC-MS/MS analysis which include Citruline, Catalpol, Berberine, Ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rg1, Oleanolic acid, β-Sitosterol, Mangiferin, and Schizandrin. ICP study on 245 residual pesticides revealed that 239 species were not detected but 6 species, Dimethomorph, Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Isoprocarb, Carbaryl and Flubendiamide, while the amounts are trace levels, below permitted concentrations. The biological activity was observed in vitro assay and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT), which are consistent with a preliminary clinical test result, a drop in blood sugar level after taking this herbal medicine. Conclusions : Instrumental chemical analysis using LC-MS/MS, GC, and ICP was conducted successfully to identify bioactive compounds in AO-SHU for the treatment of diabetes, finding 9 bioactive compounds. Furthermore, in vitro assay experiments and OGTT show that AO-SHU has its biological activities, which imply that it can be a candidate for the future diabetes remedy.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 LC/ESI/MS 및 GC/MS로 superdrol을 인체에 경구투여 한 후 채취한 요시료 중에 함유된 superdrol 및 그 대사체의 분석법을 확립하고 이들의 체내 배설형태를 조사하였다. 액체-액체 추출에서 최적 추출 pH는 6.5 이고 최적 추출 용매는 diethly ether이였다. GC/MSD를 이용하여 superdrol과 그 대사체의 분석법에 대한 유효성을 점검한 결과, intra-day의 회수율은 89.7-113.2%, 정확도 91.8-113.8%, 재현성은 0.2-6.8%로 나타났고 inter-day의 회수율은 89.3-104.1%, 정확도는 95.2-103.0%, 재현성은 0.7-7.8%로 나타났다. LC/ESI/MS을 통해 얻은 blank urine과 dosed urine의 크로마토그램을 비교하여 superdrol의 대사체를 검출하였으며 Superdrol과 그 대사체를 유도체화 시켜 GC/TOF-MS로 확인하였다. 확보된 질량스펙트럼으로부터 superdrol M1의 경우 superdrol의 3-C 위치의 케톤기가 하이드록시기로 환원된 것으로 추정할 수 있었고 M2의 경우 superdrol의 D-ring에 하이드록시기가 첨가된 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. 또한, 효소가수분해과정을 비교해 본 결과 superdrol과 그 대사체들은 대부분 글루쿠론산 포합체를 형성하여 체외로 배설되는 것을 확인하였다. Superdrol 경구투여 후 채취한 요시료로부터 superdrol과 그 대사체의 배설양상을 조사한 결과, 모두 4.3 시간에서 최대배설량을 보였고 superdrol과 superdrol M1은 48시간까지도 미량검출 되어 체내 잔류성이 높은 물질임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the exposure to vinyl chloride monomer(VCM) induces lipid peroxidation in workers by evaluating the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the urine in order to assess worker's oxidative stress due to exposure of vinyl chloride monomer. The subjects investigated in the study were divided into the experimental group; 18 workers exposed to VCM, and the control group; 19 workers unexposed to VCM. A gas chromatography/pulsed flame photometric detector(GC/PFPD) was utilized to analyze thiodiglycolic acid(TDGA), which was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (2.0M in diethyl ether) in urine and the urinary MDA, the product of lipid peroxidation, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet-visible detector after derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH). The concentrations of urinary TDGA in controls and VCM exposure workers were 0.13(2.01)mg/g Cr. GM(GSD) and 0.35(1.96)mg/gCr. GM(GSD), respectively. The concentrations of urinary MDA were $0.12(2.21){\mu}mol/gCr$. GM(GSD) in controls and $1.35(1.79){\mu}mol/gCr$. GM(GSD) in VCM exposure workers. As a result of simple regressions analysis between urinary concentration of TDGA and MDA in VCM exposure workers, it was found that the $R^2$ value was 0.261 (p=0.03) and the drinking and smoking did not affect their level. In conclusion, the workers exposed to VCM have a potentially to suffered by oxidative stress due to VCM exposure and the urinary MDA can be applicable to the marker of effect to assess the level of worker's VCM exposure.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between the levels of hippuric acid in blood plasma (HAP) and those of toluene concentration in the workplace air. Methods : Study subjects were composed of two groups; 21 workers who were occupationally exposed to toluene and 25 rural-area residents who were not exposed to any known occupational toluene source, as an exposed group and a reference group, respectively. Mean age and work duration of the exposed was 42 years and five years, respectively. Mean age of the reference was 42 years. To determine toluene concentrations in the workplace air, air sampling has been conducted for more than six hours using a personal sampler, and analyzed by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Concentrations of hippuric acid in biological samples were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. Results : Geometric mean(geometric standard deviation) of HAP and hippuric acid in urine(HAU) for the exposed was 1.39(2.21) mg/L and 2.77(1.46) g/L, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the reference [HAP, 9.45(2.94); HAU, 0.37(0.45)]. Teluene concentration in the workplace air was 86.92(range: $45.18\sim151.23$)ppm. The level of HAP or HAU was significantly correlated (r=0.70 and r=0.63, respectively) with that of toluene in the workplace air. The estimated regression equation was logHAP(mg/L)=-3.60+1.93 log(toluene, ppm) or logHAU(g/L)=-0.85+0.67 log(toluene, ppm). The magnitude of correlation was further enhanced when analyzing relationship between toluene concentrations lower than 100 ppm and its corresponding HAP levels. Conclusion : Overall, plasma hippuric acid levels were well correlated with toluene concentrations in the workplace air, and a statistically significant correlation was observed for the samples with toluene concentration lower than 100 ppm.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

자외선 B파 조사가 톱밥배지에서 재배되고 있는 표고버섯의 비타민, 색도, 향기패턴에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자외선 B파 조사에 따른 표고버섯의 비타민 D$_2$ 함량 변화. 자외선 B파를 자실체에 각각 0(대조군), 25, 50KJ/$m^2$ 조사한 결과 대조군의 비타민 D$_2$ 함량은 25.36$\mu\textrm{g}$/g인 반면, 25, 50KJ/$m^2$의 자외선 조사로 비타민 D$_2$ 함량은 각각 39.73, 52.35$\mu\textrm{g}$/g로 증가하였다. 2. 자외선 B파 조사량에 따른 색도 변화. 색도 측정 결과 명도를 나타내는 L$^{*}$ 값은 대조군이 94.84로 25(92.19), 50KJ/$m^2$(92.26)보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며 적색을 나타내는 a$^{*}$ 값은 각 시험군 간에 차이는 없었으나 황색을 나타내는 b$^{*}$ 값은 대조군이 -1.35로 25(-1.06), 50KJ/$m^2$(-0.80)보다 낮은 치수를 보였다. 3. 자외선 B파 조사량에 따른 표고버섯의 향기패턴 분석. GC-SAW 전자코를 통해 분석된 향기 패턴은 대조군의 경우 peak가 10개가 감지되었으나 25, 50KJ/$m^2$군의 경우는 14개의 peak들이 감지되었다. 자외선 조사로 표고버섯의 향기 패턴의 변화가 생긴 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.570-577
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• 2000

세가지 식품유사용매(증류수, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol)중의 비스페놀류(BPF, BPA, BFDGE, BADGE)를 형광검출기의 역상 HPLC와 GC/MSD에 의해 분석하는 방법을 제안하였다. 각 비스폐놀류는 $5{\sim}800\;{\mu}g/L$의 검량선에서 상관계수 0.9998 이상이었고 검출한계는 $1.2\;{\mu}g$이하였다. $200\;{\mu}g/L$에서의 정밀도는 3.1%이하였다. 각 식품유사용매에 비스페놀류를 일정량씩 첨가하여 동시 분석하였을 때 BPF와 BPA의 회수율은 95% 이상이었고, BFDGE와 BADGE는 약 80%였으나, 개별 첨가하였 때는 BFDGE와 BADGE 회수율이 95%이상으로 증가하였다. 이 때 검출한계는 모두 $0.40\;{\mu}g$이하였다. Epoxy phenol, modified epoxy, epoxy ester phenol 및 thermoset vinyl의 재질로 내부 코팅한 통조림관에서 식품유사용매로 이행되는 비스페놀류는 역상 HPLC에 의한 정량과 GC/MSD로 확인하였다 모든 재질에서 3가지 식품유사용매에 의해 BPF, BFDGE, BADGE는 검출되지 않았으나 4% acetic acid와 20% ethanol에 의해 modified epoxy를 제외한 재질에서 모두 BPA가 검출되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

학교 급식 식재료로 사용되는 농산물 중 잔류농약의 안전성을 평가하고자 서울시내 초, 중, 고등학교 110곳에서 316건의 시료를 수거하여 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 185종의 농약에 대해 GC-ECD, GC-NPD, GC-MSD 및 HPLC-UVD를 이용한 다종농약 다성분 분석법으로 잔류농약을 분석하였고, 분석결과 26건의 시료에서 농약이 검출되었고, 취나물과 들깻잎에서 각각 57.1, 55.6%의 높은 검출율을 나타내었다. 농약 성분별 검출빈도는 프로시미돈, 엔도설판, 아족시스트로빈의 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 2종 이상의 농약이 동시에 검출된 것은 3건이었다. 그리고 검출된 시료 중 잔류허용기준을 초과한 시료는 6건이었으며 시금치, 취나물, 양배추에서 엔도설판, 깻잎에서는 디니코나졸과 카보후란, 고추에서는 에토프로포스가 잔류허용기준치를 초과하여 검출되었다. 위해성 평가결과 들깻잎에서 검출된 카보후란의 hazard index가 3.8%로 가장 높았으며, 다른 농산물들은 모두 2% 미만을 나타내어 위해도가 매우 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 서울지역 학교급식 식재료로 사용되는 농산물은 비교적 안전한 수준으로 농약관리가 이루어지는 것으로 판단되며, 지속적으로 농약의 안전한 사용을 위한 홍보와 교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 여겨진다.