• Title/Summary/Keyword: garlic extracts

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Functional Plant Materials (항산화 및 면역 활성 증강을 위한 생약재의 탐색)

  • Lee, Soo-Jung;Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Hye-Jin;Tak, Hyun-Min;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.869-878
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    • 2013
  • Eleven functional plant materials were identified via a literature search, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were tested. Yields from hot water extracts of the materials were the highest (52.10%) in Lycii fructus, and the yields from Phellinus linteus were the lowest (5.7%). The yields of another were 14.50-42.47%. Total phenol and flavonoids contents were the highest in P. linteus. The $EC_{50}$ values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$ for Salvia miltiorrhiza, whereas the values for P. linteus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Paeonia lactiflora were $100-200{\mu}g/ml$. The $EC_{50}$ value for the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was higher than $300{\mu}g/ml$. P. linteus for the reducing power was shown the highest activity. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was the highest in the Morus alba extract. In an MTT assay, the cell viability of the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells was above 80% in extracts of $50{\mu}g/ml$ and above 77% in extracts of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in all the plant materials except Acanthopanax sessiliflorum. NO production in the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells showed a 12-fold increase compared to the control. The NO production level of all the extracts was $6.86-26.18{\mu}M$. Notably, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of S. baicalensis extract showed a remarkable decrease in NO production (72%) compared with the control. The potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S.baicalensis, P. linteus, S. miltiorrhiza, M. alba, and P. lactiflora suggest that they are potential candidates as functional materials.

Inhibition of Cancer Cell Migration by Compounds from Garlic Extracts (마늘추출물에 의한 암세포의 이동 저하)

  • Kim, Eun-Kyoung;Yun, Sung-Ji;Ha, Jung-Min;Jin, In-Hye;Kim, Young-Whan;Kim, Sun-Gun;Park, Da-Jung;Choi, Young-Whan;Yun, Sik;Kim, Chi-Dae;Bae, Sun-Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.767-774
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    • 2011
  • Cell migration plays a fundamental role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis as well as in many physiological responses. Here, we screened four different sources of garlic - water extract of normal and black garlic, as well as dried normal and black garlic - for the identification of anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activity on cancer cells. Inhibition of cancer cell migration was observed in the hexane extract of dried-garlic. Inhibitory activity was further purified to near homogeneity by thin layer chromatography and named $\b{i}$nhibitor of $\b{c}$ancer $\b{m}$etastasis from garlic #27 (ICMG-27). ICMG-27 completely blocked insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced OVCAR-3 cell migration at 6 ${\mu}g/ml$. ICMG-27 completely blocked IGF-1-induced OVCAR-3 and NIH-3T3 cell migration whereas IGF-1-induced mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell migration was not affected byICMG-27. ICMG-27 inhibited all the tested IGF-1-induced cancer cell migration such as OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, ICMG-27 could inhibit IGF-1-, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-, leukotriene B4 (LTB4)-, and angiotensin II (AngII)-induced OVCAR-3 cell migration. These results indicate that ICMG-27 inhibits cancer cell migration by blocking essential steps in many agonists-induced cancer cell migrations. Unveiling an anti-invasive mechanism of ICMG-27 on cancer cells will provide a basis for cancer therapy.

Chemical Components and Antimicrobial Activity of Garlics from Different Cultivated Area (산지별 마늘의 화학성분 및 항균활성)

  • Jeong, Chang-Ho;Bae, Young-Il;Lee, Jin-Hwa;Roh, Jeang-Gwan;Shin, Chang-Sik;Choi, Jine-Shang;Shim, Ki-Hwan
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 2009
  • The chemical components and antimicrobial activities of garlic from different area were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for functional food materialization and processing. Hunter's values of garlic from different area were L 53.41~57.15, a -3.49~-4.38 and b 11.47~17.55. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract, crude fiber and ash were 65.24~71.96, 6.24~9.35, 0.21~0.49, 19.01~22.72, 0.58~0.95 and 1.01~2.01%, respectively. The major minerals of garlic from different area were Na(27.22~112.03), Mg(18.17~32.56), K(242.16~569.28), Ca(28.60~63.93), P(117.72~265.21 mg%) and major free sugars were sucrose, glucose and fructose. The major amino acids of garlic from different area were proline, arglmne, glutamic acid and aspartic acid and content of total amino acid was 2,709.33~4,561.04 mg%. The ascorbic acid content of garlic from different area was 2.966~8.673 mg%. Composition of fatty acids of garlic from different area were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid contents were 72.18~74.35 and 25.65~27.82%, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of garlic extracts as different area increased depends on concentration and showed the high antimicrobial activities against Gram(+) and Gram(-).

Desmutagenic Effects of Seaweed and Vegetable Extracts against Mutagenicity of Maillard Reaction Products (Maillard 반응생성물의 돌연변이원성에 대한 해조 및 야채추출물의 억제효과)

  • KIM In-Soo;KIM Seon-Bong;PARK Yeung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 1994
  • The desmutagenic effects of seaweed and vegetable extracts were investigated on the mutagenicity of Maillard reaction products (MRP) obtained from equimolar amounts of glucose and amino acid (arginine and lysine${\cdot}$HCl) for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without S9 mix. The mutagenicities were inhibited by water-soluble extracts of seaweeds(laver, sea-straghorn, sea-mustard and tangle) and vegetables(ginger, garlic, onion, chinese-pepper, green-onion and cabbage). Cabbage, chinese-pepper, green-onion and sea-straghorn exhibited especially high desmutagenic effects. The desmutagenicities of these extracts(cabbage, green-onion and sea-straghorn) except for sea-straghorn were decreased by heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. It is assumed that the desmutagenic effect of seaweed and vegetable extract is due to the reducing power and action of enzyme such as peroxidase and catalase.

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Effect of Kimchi Extracts to Reactive Oxygen species in Skin Cell Cytotoxicity (김치 추출물의 활성산소에 대한 피부세포 독성 완화효과)

  • 류승희;전영수;권명자;문정원;이영순;문갑순
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.814-821
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    • 1997
  • Kimchi is composed of many ingredients such as Chinese cabbage, garlic, ginger, and red pepper and fermented fish extract. Some of them were known to have antioxidative activities due to their scavenging effect against reactive oxygen species(ROS). To study the health effects of kimchi on human skin cells, keratinocyte(A431, epidermoid carcinoma, human) and fibroblast(CCD-986SK, normal control, human) were cultured in oxidative stress condition provoked by paraquat, a superoxide anion generator, and hydrogen peroxide in the absence and presence of kimchi extract. The survival rate of keratinocyte was greatly reduced when exposed over 1mM concentration of hydrogen peroxide($H_{2}O_{2}$), but cytotoxicity of $H_{2}O_{2}$ was significantly reduced by kimchi extracts on cells. Especially 2 week-fermented kimchi decreased remarkably the cytotoxicity by $H_{2}O_{2}$ to keratinocyte cells. Over 1mM of paraquat concentration showed strong cell toxicity on keratinocyte, but the extracts from kimchi fermented for 1, 2 and 3 weeks showed protective effects in order. Fibroblast cells were significantly affected by $H_{2}O_{2}$ as were keratinocyte cells. Although almost all extacts of kimchi of different fermentation periods showed protective effect against cell killing at 0.5mM concentration of $H_{2}O_{2}$ week-fermented kimchi extract showed the strongest protective effect on fibroblast cells treated with 1mM $H_{2}O_{2}$ for either 1 day or 4 days. However most of kimchi extracts showed weak preventive effect or no effect on oxidative stress produced by paraquat. In conclusion, 2 week-fermented kimchi extract seems to have the best potential in preventing skin cells against oxidative damage which might be related to their scavenging effects of kimchi components produced during their fermentation process.

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Effects of Kimchi Extracts on Production of Nitric Oxide by Activated Macrophages, Transforming Growth Factor $\beta$1 of Tumor Cells and Interleukin-6 in Splenocytes

  • Kim, Kwang-Hyuk;Kim, So-Hee;Park, Kun-Young
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.126-132
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    • 2001
  • Methanol extracts form four kinds of kimchi, which were differently prepared in kinds and levels of sub-ingredients, were given to Balb/c mice for 3 weeks (0.5 mg/kg/day). Peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice treated with kimchi extracts and saline were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). K3 and K4 kimchis, containing more red pepper powder, garlic, Chinese pepper powder, mustard leaf and organically cultivated Korean cabbage, significantly increased NO production by the activated macrophages (p<0.05). K1, K2, K3 and K4 kimchi extracts (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$) significantly reduced the increased TGF-$\beta$1 production of H.pylori lysate (0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$)-activated human epithelial RPMI 2650 cells (5$\times$10$^{4}$ cells/mL) at 24 and 48 hrs of treatment (p<0.01). However, the decreased TGF-$\beta$1 $\alpha$ production of RPMI 2650 cells by H. pylori lysate increased by treatment with kimchi extract for 72 hrs. Especially, K4 kimchi (containing organically cultivated Korean cabbage and more ingredients, modulated TGF-$\beta$1 production of H. pylori lysate-activated RPMI 2650 cells to the normal level (control) by treatment for 48 hrs. The treatment of K1 and K4 kimchi enhanced the LPS (0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)-induced IL-6 production of splenocytes. The results suggest that kimchi might have an beneficial effect on cancer prevention due in part to the function enhancing NO production of activated macrophages. Our data suggest that kimchi could modulate TGF-$\beta$1 production by cancer cells and IL-6 production of splenocytes, thereby possibly contributing to control carcinogenesis and the immune system.

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Antioxidant and Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition Activity of Five Different Varieties of Artemisia Cultivars in Korea (국내산 품종별 쑥의 항산화 및 암세포성장 억제활성)

  • Kim, Ra-Jeong;Kang, Min-Jung;Hwang, Cho-Rong;Jung, Woo-Jae;Shin, Jung-Hye
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.844-851
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    • 2012
  • Antioxidant and cancer cell growth inhibition activity of hot water extract from five different varieties of Artemisia (A. Argyi H., A. iwayomogi Kitamura, A. Princeps Var Orien talis HARA, A. princeps Pampanini and A. annua L.) in Korea was studied. We determined the phenol and flavonoid contents and examined antioxidant assay, such as DPPH, NO radical scavenging, activity ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and bleaching inhibition activity in the ${\beta}$-carotene linolic acid system. Also, we performed HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell growth inhibition assay of Artemisia extracts. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were the highest in A. iwayomogi Kitamura followed by A. Argyi H. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in A. Argyi H. at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, NO radical scavenging activity was more than 50% in A. Princeps Var Orien talis HARA, A. princeps Pampanini, and A. annua L. at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. FRAP was higher in A. Argyi H. and A. iwayomogi Kitamura. Antioxidant activity in the ${\beta}$-carotene linolinolic system was also higher in A. Argyi H. and A. iwayomogi Kitamura by 60.50% and 56.90% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, respectively. In cancer cell growth inhibition activities at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, A. iwayomogi Kitamura showed greater than 80% on HeLa cell. A. princeps Pampanini and A. Argyi H. extract had growth inhibition activities greater than 80% on MCF cell. The results of this study suggest that the antioxidant and anticancer activities in various Artemisia are a promising source of functional food ingredients.

Ameliorating Effects of Lactic Acid-fermented Garlic Extracts on Oleic Acid-induced Hepatic Steatosis (유산균 발효 마늘 추출물의 oleic acid로 유도된 비알코올성 지방간에 대한 개선 효과)

  • Lee, Hee-Seop;Lim, Won-Chul;Choi, Ji-Hwi;Yu, Heui-Jong;Kim, Ki-Ho;Lee, Seung-Hyun;Cho, Hong-Yon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.762-768
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    • 2014
  • In this study, the ameliorating effects of lactic acid-fermented garlic extract (LAFGE) on non-alcoholic fatty liver were investigated using oleic acid-induced steatotic HepG2 cells. The ameliorating mechanism was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Treatment with 1 mg/mL LAFGE decreased intracellular lipid accumulation approximately 1.5-fold, compared to that achieved with non-fermented garlic extract. LAFGE reduced fatty acid influx into hepatocytes through down-regulation of FAT/CD36 mRNA expression in the steatotic HepG2 cells. $PPAR{\alpha}$ and CPT-1 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by LAFGE treatment of HepG2 cells as a consequence of activation of beta oxidation. Additionally, the treatment with 1 mg/mL LAFGE highly down-regulated mRNA expression of SREBP-1c and FAS to 51% and 35%, respectively. LAFGE showed concentration-dependent down-regulation patterns in protein expression of SREBP-1c and FAS, as determined by Western blot. These results suggest that LAFGE treatment improves hepatic steatosis triggered by the imbalance of hepatic lipid metabolism owing to oleic acid treatment.

Antioxidant and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Water Extracts From Abalone Containing Medicinal Plants (전복과 천연 식물류 복합물의 항산화 및 알코올대사 효소 활성)

  • Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Soo-Jung;Choi, Duk-Ju;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to evaluate the possible production of a functional beverage derived from abalone and with several plants (AP). Five types of AP composites were prepared having different medicinal plant compositions (AP- I : abalone, garlic, jujube, Chinese matrimony fruit, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP- II: abalone, garlic, black bean, Chinese matrimony fruit, cornus fruit, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-III : abalone, jujube, arrow root, milk vetch, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-N: abalone, black bean, arrow root, milk vetch, cornus fruit, liquorice root, zinger, honey; AP-V : abalone, garlic, Chinese matrimony fruit, milk vetch, licorice root, zinger, honey). In vitro analysis were performed to examine the antioxidant contents and alcohol dehydrogenase activities of the composites. AP- II had the highest total phenol contents ($28.55{\pm}1.56\;mg/l00\;g$), and AP- V the highest level of flavonoids ($47.61{\pm}1.58\;mg/l00\;g$). At $78.89{\pm}0.16%$, AP- V displayed the strongest electron donating ability followed by AP-II($57.99{\pm}0.21%$) and API ($37.66{\pm}0.20%$). Reducing power was also significantly higher in AP- V. The Hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of all composites were less than 15% and 20%, respectively. At 12.5% alcohol concentration, ADH activity ranged from $114.47{\pm}2.18{\sim}121.39{\pm}4.36%$ and ALDH activity ranged from $100.04{\pm}2.90{\sim}129.54{\pm}4.80%$; AP- I , AP- II, and AP- Vin 12.5% of alcoholic concentration. The composites of AP- I , AP- II, and AP- V, all containing garlic and Chinese matrimony fruit, were significantly stronger than AP-III and AP-N. Finally, also at 12.5% alcoholic concentration, the ALDH activity of AP- V was higher than its ADH activity.

Physiological Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts (생약재 추출물의 생리활성 효과)

  • Na Gyung-Min;Han Ho-Suk;Ye Su-Hyang;Kim Hyun-Ku
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.388-393
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    • 2004
  • The physiological activity of 5 kinds of medicinal plant extracts were examined. Total polyphenol contents showed the highest value in 50 $\%$ ethanol extracts. Electron donating ability showed the highest value in 50 $\%$ ethanol extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. SOD-like activity showed the highest activity in 50$\%$ ethanol extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Medicinal plant extracts showed the different nitrite scavenging abilities under the different pH conditions. Medicinal plant extracts showed the highest value in nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2. The maximum nitrite scavenging effect was found at pH 1.2 and decreased as pH increased. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity showed the highest value in 50 $\%$ ethanol extracts of dried garlic.