• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.440-448
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• 2004

In this paper, to make a solar cell of II-Ⅵ ZnTe compound semiconductor, we studied for the property of the transparent electrode(AZO) and Buffer layer(ZnO), and for reducing the energyband gap of optical absorber layer which are most effective on its efficiency. The ZnTe thin film was used the optical absorber layer of solar cell. Zn and Te were deposited using the co-sputtering method. The thin film was sputtered RF power of Zn/50W and Te/30W, respectively and a substrate temperature of foot under Ar atmosphere of 10mTorr. The energy band gap of the thin film was 1.73ev Then the thin film was annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ for 10sec under a vacuum atmosphere. The energy band gap of 1.67eV was achieved and the film composition ratio of Zn and Te was 32% and 68%. At the best condition, the Solar Cell was manufactured and the efficiency of 6.85% (Voc: 0.69V, Jsc: 21.408㎃/$cm^2$, Fill factor (FF): 0.46) was achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.197-197
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• 2009

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2020

This study traces the flow of modern museum architecture from the 18th to 19th century when the rationalist architectural spirit influenced the museum architecture to the 1930s, before the museums of the modern architectural masters appeared. With early modern museums until the 1930s as a target, which had long been enshrined in classicality, finally contributed to narrowing the gap with the times, but did not receive the right evaluation, this study examines their different architectural styles from previous museums and reveals that they have a significance to announce the departure of modern museums beyond classical ones. The three museums, built in the 1930s, will be identified as respectable early modern museums that will fill the remaining blank space of the history of museum architecture. In this study, modern museums are asymmetric, non-centre oriented, and non decorative. They have multi-directional circulation, and a neutral, open and flexible exhibition space. They also try to align themselves with the modern architectural tendency of the day.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.262-270
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• 2022

In the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in project knowledge management, as knowledge is a crucial resource for project management success. Knowledge capture and sharing are two effective project management practices. Capturing and sharing project knowledge has become more efficient due to technological advances. Nevertheless, present technologies face several technical, functional, and usage obstacles and constraints. Thus, Blockchain technology might provide promising answers, yet, there is still a dearth of understanding regarding the technology's proper and practical application. Consequently, the goal of this study was to fill the gap in the literature about the adoption of Blockchain technology and to investigate the project stakeholders' acceptance and willingness to utilize the technology for capturing and sharing project knowledge. Due to this inquiry's exploratory and inductive characteristics, qualitative research methodology was used, namely the Grounded Theory research approach. Accordingly, eighteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Concurrent data collection and analysis were undertaken, with findings emerging after three coding steps. Four influencing factors and one moderating factor were identified as affecting users' acceptance of Blockchain technology for capturing and sharing project knowledge. Consequently, the results of the study aimed to fill a gap in the existing literature by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the unrealized potential of Blockchain technology to improve knowledge capture and sharing in the project management environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.626-629
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• 2006

Suk-San highway bridge, located on a soft ground environment, had been examined the current condition of settlement estimation throughout G.P.R(Ground Penetrating Radar), general observation and visual observation(video camera & scope). According to the above observations, the ground of this area has sunk about thirty centimeters since 1996. Also, currently, Suk-San highway bridge has been disjoining the gap between the structure and ground. Therefore, it is necessary to fill it up the gap. The purpose of this paper is to report the effects of Sunk-San highway bridge was observed by G.P.R. & general observation etc. and to present the results of repair of Suk-San highway bridge filling the gap up.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.574-579
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• 1995

Saturated boiling heat transfer experiment in a hemispherical narrow space is conducted using Freon-113 to investigate an additional heat removal capability through a hypothetical gap between lower head and degraded core. The narrow space of 1mm consists of a 124mm diameter heated stainless steel hemisphere and a glass outer vessel. Within the hemispherical narrow space large coalesced bubbles are produced and these bubbles rise in random direction, causing liquid flow in from the opposite side to fill the region. Such flow in random direction makes the flow field in the narrow space very chaotic and thus enhance heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient is higher at lower angle and at higher heat flux. The present study shows that the liquid from upper region can effectively penetrate into the gap and augment the heat removal capability through tile gap.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.509-522
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• 2022

Tail-grouting is an effective measure in shield engineering for filling the gap at the shield tail to reduce ground deformation. However, the gap-filling ratio affects the value of the gap parameters, leading to different surface settlements. It is impossible to adjust the fill ratio indiscriminately to study its effect, because the allowable adjustment range of the grouting quantity is limited to ensure construction site safety. In this study, taking the shield tunnel section between Chaoyanggang Station and Shilihe Station of Beijing Metro Line 17 as an example, the correlation between the tail-grouting parameter and the surface settlement is investigated and the optimal grouting quantity is evaluated. This site is suitable for conducting field tests to reduce the tail-grouting quantity of shield tunneling over a large range. In addition, the shield tunneling under different grouting parameters was simulated. Furthermore, we analyzed the evolution law of the surface settlement under different grouting parameters and obtained the difference in the settlement parameters for each construction stage. The results obtained indicate that the characteristics of the grout affect the development of the surface settlement. Therefore, reducing the setting time or increasing the initial strength of the grout could effectively suppress the development of surface subsidence. As the fill ratio decreases, the loose zone of the soil above the tunnel expands, and the soil deformation is easily transmitted to the surface. Meanwhile, owing to insufficient grout support, the lateral pressure on the tunnel segments is significantly reduced, and the segment moves considerably after being removed from the shield tail.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.331-343
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• 2013

The natural sloshing frequencies of annular cylindrical TLD are parametrically investigated by experiment, aiming at the exploration of its successful use for suppressing the structural vibration of spar-type floating wind turbine subject to multidirectional wind, wave and current excitations. Five prototypes of annular cylindrical TLD are defined according to the inner and outer radii of acryl container, and eight different liquid fill heights are experimented for each TLD prototype. The apparent masses near the first and second natural sloshing frequencies are parametrically investigated by measuring the apparent mass of interior liquid sloshing to the acceleration excitation. It is observed from the parametric experiments that the first natural sloshing frequency shows the remarkable change with respect to the liquid fill height for each TLD model with different container dimensions. On the other hand, the second natural sloshing frequency is not sensitive to the liquid fill height but to the gap size, for all the TLD models, convincing that the annular cylindrical sloshing damper can effectively suppress the wave- and wind-induced tilting motion of the spar-type floating wind turbine.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.230-238
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• 1996

Recently, square hollow section (S.H.S) is frequently used for column and H-section for beam of steel building structures. The connection between S.H.S column and H-beam is found to weaken the rotational restraint of the joint. Several types of detail to overcome the problem have been suggested for the connection between concrete filled S.H.S column and concrete composited H-bean In this paper, modelling technique to monitor the behavior of the connections is proposed. Then, Drucker-Prager yield criteria is introduced to simulate yield behavior of in-fill concrete while Von-Mises was used in earlier works. Gap-elements are also introduced to simulate the interaction between S.H.S columns and the in-fill concrete as in privious papers. axial forces are applied to S.H.S columns and made to vary in intensity and eccentricity.

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2017

This research presents studies on an improved method to predict the thermal conductivity of woven fabric composites, the effects of geometric structures of woven fabric composites on thermal conductivity, and structural optimization to improve the thermal conductivity using a genetic algorithm. The geometric structures of woven fabric composites were constructed numerically using the information generated on waviness, thickness, and width of fill and warp tows. Thermal conductivities of the composites were obtained using a thermal-electrical analogy. In the genetic algorithm, the chromosome string consisted of thickness and width of the fill and warp tows, and the objective function was the maximum thermal conductivity of woven fabric composites. The results confirmed that an improved method to predict the thermal conductivity was built successfully, and the inter-tow gap effect on the composite's thermal conductivity was analyzed suggesting that thermal conductivity of woven fabric composites was reduced as the gap between tows increased. For structural design, optimized structures for improving the thermal conductivity were analyzed and proposed. Generally, axial thermal conductivity of the fiber tow contributed more to thermal conductivity of woven fabric composites than transverse thermal conductivity of the tows.