• Title/Summary/Keyword: gamma gamma

Search Result 11,842, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

Production of ${\gamma}$-Linolenic Acid by Mortierella isabellina IFO 8183 (Mortierella isabellina IFO 8183에 의한 ${\gamma}$-Linolenic Acid 생산)

  • Yang, Dong-Hyun;Nam, Hee-Sop;Lee, Sang-Hyub;Bang, Won-Gi
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.21 no.6
    • /
    • pp.808-814
    • /
    • 1989
  • To produce ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid by a mold, cultural conditions of Mortierella isabellina IFO 8183 were investigated. It was found that the increase of initial pH resulted in the decrease of the ${\gamma}-Linolenic$ acid content and the increase of the C/N ratio of medium resulted in the increase of the lipid content. Addition of sodium acetate into the medium resulted in the increased of cell yield, lipid yield, ${\gamma}-Linolenic$ acid content and ${\gamma}-Linolenic$ acid productivity. Under the optimum coditions(glucose, $NH_4NO_3$, C/N ratio of 40, pH 6.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and 0.5% of sodium acetate), the following results were obtained: cell yield, 0.347(g dry biomass/g glucose; lipid yield, 0.18(g lipid/g glucose); lipid content, 0.52(g lipid/g dry biomass); ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid content, 60(mg ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid/g lipid); maximum ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid concentration, 347mg/l after incubation of 8 days.

  • PDF

Effect of ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol on Lipid Oxidation, Color, Texture and Sensory Properties of Pork Sausage (감마 오리자놀이 돈육소시지의 지방 산화, 육색, 조직 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, S.H.;Park, B.Y.;Seong, P.N.;Lee, J.M.;Kim, D.H.;Ahn, C.N.
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
    • /
    • v.26 no.3
    • /
    • pp.331-336
    • /
    • 2006
  • High purity ${\gamma}$-oryzanol was obtained from rice bran and added at 0.05%, 0.10% or 0.20% (w/w) to pork sausages. Sausages containing ${\gamma}$-oryzanol showed higher CIE $L^*\;and\;a^*$ color values than the control (p<0.05). Sausages containing ${\gamma}$-oryzanol had significantly lower hardness and chewiness in textural properties than the control (p<0.05) when determined by Instron testing machine. However, there were no differences in cohesiveness and springiness between the control and the sausages containing ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. Sausages containing >0.05% of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol had significantly lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values than the control since 12 days of storage when sausages were aerobically stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 18 days (p<0.05). Thus, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol may have a potential application for the sausage products to inhibit lipid oxidation when used at >0.05%.

The $Fc{\gamma}$ receptor III genotype as a risk factor for aggressive periodontitis in Korean patients (한국인 급진성 치주염 환자의 위험요소로서 $Fc{\gamma}$ III 수용기의 유전형)

  • Kim, Myung-Hyun;Shin, Seung-Yun;Kim, Tae-Il;Seol, Yang-Jo;Lee, Yong-Moo;Rhyu, In-Chul;Chung, Chong-Pyoung;Han, Soo-Boo;Ku, Young
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
    • /
    • v.36 no.1
    • /
    • pp.113-123
    • /
    • 2006
  • 연구배경 IgG에 대한 $Fc{\gamma}$ 수용기는 치주병인균에 대한 숙주 반응에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이 중 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$는 NK 세포, 대식세포, 단핵구, ${\gamma}{\delta}T$세포에서 발현되며, EC2 도메인에서 158 아미노산 부위의 valine (V)-phenylalanine (F)의 유전자다형성을 보인다. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$는 특이적으로 중성구에 발현되는데, extracellular (ECl) Ig-like 도메인 내 4개의 아미노산 치환(substitutions)에 의한 NA1-NA2 유전자다형성을 보인다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국인에서 급진성 치주염 환자와 $Fc{\gamma}III$ 수용기의 유전자다형성과의 관련성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 및 재료 치주적으로 건강한 90명 (대조군, 남자 64명, 여자 26명)과 서울대학교 치과병원 지주과에 내원하여 급진성 치주염으로 진단된 환자 43명 (aggressive periodontitis patients: AgP, 남자 30명, 여자 13명)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 실험 대상자는 임상 실험에 대해 동의 하였고, 초진 시 전자 탐침(Florida Probe(R) Co. Gainesville, FL)을 이용하여 탐침 시 치주낭 깊이 (PPD), 임상부착수준 (CAL), 치태지수(PI), 탐침 후 출혈지수 (BOP)를 측정하였다. 또한 이들의 정맥혈에서 추출한 DNA를 PCR법, 전기영동법 등을 이용하여 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$, $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$의 대립 유전자의 존재여부를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ 복합 유전형을 확인하여 각 군 간을 비교하였다. 연구 결과 1. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$에 대한 유전자다형성 연구 결과 대조군과 급진성 치주염 환자 군(AgP)사이에서는 대립 유전자 분포가 서로 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었고 (P<0.05), $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. (P>0.05) 2. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$ 158F 대립형질이 급진성 치주염 환자에서 유의성 있게 많이 발견되어졌다. (P<0.05) 결론 이 연구를 통하여 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$ 유전자의 분석이 한국인의 급진성 치주염에 대한 감수성의 위험요소의 표지자로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향 후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 히는 추가 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

Activation of Phospholipase Cγ by Nitric Oxide in Choriocarcinoma Cell Line, BeWo Cells (Choriocarcinoma 세포주 BeWo 세포에서 nitric oxide에 의한 phospholipase Cγ 의 활성)

  • 차문석;곽종영
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.13 no.6
    • /
    • pp.849-855
    • /
    • 2003
  • Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role as a signaling molecule in the proliferation of placenta trophoblasts. In this study, we investigated the effect of NO on the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) in BeWo cells, choriocar-cinoma cell line. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an agent to produce NO spontaneously in cells, alone increased $[^3H]$ thymidine incorporation of BeWo cells, indicating NO stimulates proliferation of the cells. NO-induced proliferation of BeWo cells was blocked by U73122, an inhibitor of PLC, suggesting that NO-induced PLC activation is involved in the cell proliferation. NO also stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in BeWo cells, indicated by increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in Western blotting using anti-phospho-ERK1/2 antibody. NO-induced phos-phorylation of ERK1/2 was not abrogated by U73122. $PLC\gamma_1$l but not$PLC\gamma_2$ was tyrosine phosphorylated by SNP in immunoprecipitation assay using anti-$PLC\gamma_1$/$PLC\gamma_2$ antibodies, and SNP-induced phosphorylation of $PLC\gamma_1$ was abrogated by pre-treatment of cells with genistein and PD98059, indicating that NO induced-phosphorylation of $PLC\gamma_1$ is mediated by ERK. These results suggest that NO stimulates the proliferation of BeWo cells through ERK and $PLC\gamma_1$.

Changes of the phsico-Chemical Characteristics of oils treated by the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation (I) -The Extracted soybean oil- (방사선 조사선량에 따른 유지의 이화학적 성질변화 (I))

  • 임국이
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
    • /
    • v.30 no.4
    • /
    • pp.77-88
    • /
    • 1992
  • To investigate the oxidative stabilities of the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated soybean during storage and heating and some physico-chemical characteristics of soybean and the extracted soybean oil (SBO) with/without the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation were determined. The ${\gamma}$-ray level use in irradiation for soybean were 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 KGY respectively and Acid Value, Peroxide Value, Conjugated Diene Value, Composed Fatty Acids amounts, and Trans Fatty Acid occurrence were determined for all samples, which were incubated at 45$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ for 25 days heated at 180$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ for 30 hours. And these values of the ${\gamma}$-ray treated samples were compared to those of nontreated samples. The results were obtained as follows : 1. According to the increased level of the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation, there was little difference in Dielectric Constant, Viscosity, and the Induction Period by Rancimat. But, in case of 5.0 KGY, oxidative stability was increased more twice than that of non-irradiation. In the quantity of fatty Acids composition of the extracted soybean oil irradiated with 10.0 KGY, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were less increased thanb those of non-irradiation, while stearic, linolenic acids were decreased. In the case of 2.5 KGY irradiation, stearic and oleic acids were increased. 2. The Acid Value of SBO according to the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation level was almost not change, but was 0.1 lower than that of non-irradiation during incubation (45$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$). The Peroxide Value of SBO with the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation, was very lower than that of non-irradiation, but its effect on oxidative stability was better of SBO treated with 5.0 KGY and 10.0 KGY. In the Fatty Acids composition of SBO, palmitic, stearic, oleic acids were increased, while linoleic, linolenic acids were decreased during incubation(45$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$). This tendency was more obvious due to the ${\gamma}$-ray level. While heating(180$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$), the Acid Value of SBO treated with the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation was decreased, the Acid Value of SBO irradiated with 2.5 KGY was the lowest. Also the peroxide Values of SBO treated with 5.0 KGY, 10.0 KGY were very lower than that of non-irradiation. Conjugated Diene Value of SBO was almost unchanged according to the ${\gamma}$-level and heating time. 3. When the methyl linoleate was irradiated with the ${\gamma}$-ray, the Trans Fatty Acid was little produced. In case of SBO with non-irradiation, the trans C18:1 was occured about 6.5~7.9%, but trans C18:2 and C18:3 were not shown, while SBO irradiated with the ${\gamma}$-ray 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 KGY, trans C18:3 and C18:2 amount in SBO were increased according to heating time, but trans C18:3 was little occured. As these results, the effects of the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation to oil containing food were to cut down the energy for food storage and to increase oxdative stability during storge. And also it was shown to be the best that 10.0 KGY of the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation would be applied to soybean.

  • PDF

Effects of $\gamma$-Irradiation on the Antiallergic Activity of Alginate

  • Song, Eu-Jin;Lee, So-Young;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Park, Jin-Gyu;Kim, Jae-Hun;Lee, Ju-Woon;Byun, Myung-Woo;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.17 no.5
    • /
    • pp.1003-1009
    • /
    • 2008
  • This study was performed to determine the effects of $\gamma$-irradiation on the antiallergic activity of alginate. An alginate aqueous solution was $\gamma$-irradiated at 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, and 100 kGy. First, the molecular weight (Mw) of alginate rapidly decreased as the $\gamma$-irradiation dose increased up to 20 kGy. Then, the antiallergic activity of the $\gamma$-irradiated alginate was measured. Interlukin (IL)-4 cytokine and IgE level were significantly decreased in the $\gamma$-irradiated alginate groups as compared to the control group in vitro. The mice intraperitoneally administered with the $\gamma$-irradiated alginate exhibited lower ovalbumin-specific IgE and IgG1 level in serum than the control mice. Furthermore, the $\gamma$-irradiated alginate suppressed total and ovalbumin-specific IgE secretions in the splenocytes. Increased IL-2 level was observed in the culture supernatants of the splenocytes that were obtained from the mice administerd with the $\gamma$-irradiated alginate, while IL-4 level decreased. The present study indicates that $\gamma$-irradiated alginate can suppress allergy in a mouse allergy model.

Growth and Mineral Contents of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as Related with a Low Dose Gamma Irradiation

  • Hwangbo, Jun-Kwon;Kim, Jae-Sung;Lim, Ji-Hyeok;Baek, Myung-Hwa;Chung, Byung-Yeoup;Kim, Jin-Hong
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.400-404
    • /
    • 2003
  • This study was to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on the germination, nutrient concentrations and growth of spinach and radish. Both the spinach and radish seeds exhibited relatively higher germination rates in response to the low doses of gamma irradiation compared to the non -irradiated control. Leaf DW of the radish did not respond to gamma irradiation but that of the spinach increased significantly in response to a gamma radiation of 4 Gy (P< 0.05). Leaf growth parameters of the spinach including the leaf area and SLA (leaf area/leaf dry weight) also demonstrated increased responses to gamma irradiation. R/S (root dry weight/shoot dry weight), root DW and root length of the spinach exhibited a positive response to gamma irradiation while those of the radish did not. In contrast, SRL (root length/root dry weight) significantly decreased with gamma irradiation at 8 Gy for the spinach, but not for the radish. The tissue nitrogen concentrations of the spinach showed an increased response to gamma irradiation while that of the radish did not. Furthermore, higher concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were found in the irradiated spinach, but not in the irradiated radish. It seems that the non-specific physiological and/or biochemical activities of spinach might be accelerated by gamma irradiation, possibly accounting for the stimulation of nutrient uptake from the root media and early biomass accumulation in the current study.

Fcγ Receptors Modulate Pulmonary Inflammation by Activating Innate Immune Cells in Murine Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

  • Park, Hyo Jin;Kim, Hye Sung;Chung, Doo Hyun
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.26-34
    • /
    • 2010
  • Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease that develops following repeated exposure to inhaled particulate antigens. The family of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors ($Fc{\gamma}Rs$) has emerged as central regulators for modulating both pro-and anti-inflammatory responses. However, the role of $Fc{\gamma}Rs$ in the development of HP has not been investigated yet. Methods: To explore the functional roles of $Fc{\gamma}Rs$ in HP, $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ and B6 mice were challenged with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR) antigen intranasally, and compared these mice in terms of the histological change, infiltrated immune cells in BALF and in vitro immune responses. Results: $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice exhibited attenuation of HP in terms of histological alterations, and reduced numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in and the increased CD4 : CD8 ratio of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The lungs of $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice showed high production of Th2 cytokine such as IL-4 and slightly low production of Th1 cytokine, INF-${\gamma}$ compared to those of B6 mice. However, SR-specific adaptive immune responses of $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice were similar to those of B6 mice. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that activating $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors play an important role in activating neutrophils and macrophages in pulmonary inflammation and inducing Th1 differentiation by regulating cytokine expression in SR-induced HP.

Lack of Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Genetic Polymorphisms on Breast Cancer Risk: a Case-Control Study and Pooled Analysis

  • Park, Boyoung;Shin, Aesun;Kim, Kyee-Zu;Lee, Yeon-Su;Hwang, Jung-Ah;Kim, Yeonju;Sung, Joohon;Yoo, Keun-Young;Lee, Eun-Sook
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.15 no.21
    • /
    • pp.9093-9099
    • /
    • 2014
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) gene may harbor targets for the chemoprevention of breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether polymorphisms in the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene are associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer. We performed a candidate gene association study between $PPAR{\gamma}$ polymorphisms and breast cancer and a meta-analysis on the association of breast cancer with selected $PPAR{\gamma}$ variants. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene were analyzed among 456 breast cancer patients and 461 controls from the National Cancer Center in Korea. Association between the polymorphisms and breast cancer risk were assessed using the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend and a multivariate logistic regression model. Two SNPs, rs3856806 and rs1801282, had been previously analyzed, thus enabling us to perform pooled analyses on their associations with breast cancer susceptibility. Our findings from the candidate gene association study showed no association between the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. A meta-analysis combining existing studies and our current study also refuted an association of the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene may not harbor variants that alter breast cancer susceptibility, although a moderate sample size might have precluded a decisive conclusion.

Effects of Bromate on the Glutathione Synthesis in Various Organs of Rats (Bromate가 흰쥐의 장기 Glutathione 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • 김나영;강혜옥;이무강;최종원
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.13 no.5
    • /
    • pp.626-633
    • /
    • 2003
  • The effects of bromate administration on glutathione were studied in rats. The contents of glutathione in the liver and kidney were significantly decreased but the alteration was not significant in lung and blood by bromate adminstration. The decrease occurred without concomitant increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) or in the GSSG/GSH+GSSG ratio. The activities of $\gamma-glutamyl$ cysteine synthetase in the liver and kidney were decreased by bromate administration. $\gamma-Glutamyl$ transpeptidase activities was significantly decreased in the kidney and not significantly decreased in the lung of bromate treated-rats. These results suggest that the decreased synthesis of glutathione by bromate may be an important reason for the decreased level of glutathione in the liver and kidney, thus the decreased glutathione transport would be a factor on the changes of glutathione contents in bromate-treated rats.