• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1495-1499
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water extract from Artemisiae Argi Folium (WAAF) on hydrogen peroxide production within mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells treated with gallic acid, EtOH, LPS, and acetaminophen. WAAF (0${\sim}$400 ug/mL) was treated with gallic acid, EtOH, LPS, acetaminophen. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. WAAF showed the restoration of the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide which were reduced by gallic acid, EtOH, LPS, and acetaminophen in Raw 264.7 Cells. WAAF could be supposed to have the immunological activity related with macrophage's oxidative burst.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2017

In this study, we report the industrial application of an efficient technology for the recovery of gallic acid from Chinese nutgall processing wastewater. The recovery of gallic acid by industrial scale extraction and stripping devices was performed, with tributyl phosphate as the extractant and kerosene as the diluent. The results showed that the theoretical extraction stage was four, while the theoretical stripping stage was two. A closed-cycle system was studied for the continuous countercurrent extraction and stripping, with a five-stage extraction device and a three-stage reflux stripping device. The results showed that the multistage extraction-stripping system could steadily run for a long period, the average gallic acid level in the raffinate was $0.85g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, and the gallic acid content recovered in the strip liquor was higher than $120g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The average extraction yield of gallic acid was 94.14%. When the strip liquor was used as raw material for production, the average production yield increased by 8.64%. In addition, after extraction, the $COD_{Cr}$ in the wastewater decreased by 38.19%, and the biodegradability of wastewater improved by 1.6 times. This study provided a new impetus for the sustainable development of the Chinese nutgall processing industry.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2014

바이러스 감염은 감염된 숙주세포에서 활성산소를 유도할 수 있으며, 항산화제들은 많은 바이러스에 대해서 항바이러스 능을 갖는다고 보고되었다. 본 연구에서 cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction 방법에 의한 항바이러스 활성 평가에서 gallic acid는 현저하게 CPE형성을 감소시키면서 coxsackievirus B3 (CB3)와 coxsackievirus B4 (CB4)에 대해 항바이러스 활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 rabavirin은 CB3와 CB4에 대해 CPE를 막지 못하면서 약한 항바이러스 활성을 나타내었다. 그럼으로 gallic acid의 CB3와 CB4에 대한 항바이러스 활성은 항산화제 효능 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1984

Tannin from acorn was identified by TLC and gallic acid in the tannin was determined by HPLC. The tannin extracted with methanol-butanol was not dissolved in ethanol, methanol for HPLC and water, while the tannin extracted with acetone-ethylacetate was so pure that it could be used for HPLC-running. The gallic acid showed a Rf -value of 0.39, the digallic acid of 0.21, the trigallic acid of 0.09, and the gallotannin of 0.00 respectively. The content of gallic acid in the tannin from acorn powder was 3.04%, from acorn starch, 0.90%, and from acorn starch gels, 0.64-0.86% respectively. The effect of tannin contents on the viscosity of acorn atarch was also studied. The maximum and cooling viscosity of the starch were decreased as the contents of tannin increased.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 1997

Gallic acid로부터 pyrogallol로 전환하는 균주를 토양에서 분리 동정하여 얻는 Pseudomonas sp. KS-96의 균체를 회전원판 반응조에 고정화시킨 후 연속전환을 시도하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Gallate decarboxylase의 활성은 배양 24시간에서 가장 좋았다. 반응조의 원판에 gallic acid가 함유된 액체 배양액을 시간당 20m${\ell}$씩 공급하면서 균체막의 두께가 steady state에 도달할때까지 공급하였다. 균체를 고정화 시킨 후 시간 경과에 따른 전환율은 18시간부터 36시간에서 전환율이 높았다. 균체 고정화 후에 gallic acid를 15g/${\ell}$ 함유하는 기질을 시간당 30m${\ell}$씩 주입했을 때 pyrogallol의 전환율이 가장 좋았으며 회전원판 반응조에 의한 연속적 전환은 6일에서 8일까지가 각각 81%, 80%로서 가장 높았다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.317-320
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• 2006

Octadeca-9,12-dienyl-3,4,5-hydroxybenzoate (GA-LA) was chemically synthesized from gallic acid and linoleic acid ester, and its biological functions were tested. Radical-scavenging activity of GA-LA was comparable to those of gallic and ascorbic acids at 0.24 mM, and tyrosinase inhibition effect was higher than that of ascorbic acid. Gallic and linoleic acids did not show any tyrosinase activity. Results of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition effect indicate GA-LA has higher selectivity in COX-1 inhibition. GA-LA from gallic and linoleic acids could be used as functional reagent for antioxidative, skin-whitening, and anti-inflammatory effects in food, pharmaceutrical, and cosmetic industries.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.726-731
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• 2001

밤 가공공장에서 폐기되고 있는 밤의 귀피를 항산화 기능성 자원으로 활용하고자 밤 귀치의 methanol 추출물 및 용매획분을 benzoic acid 수산화법으로 hydroxyl radical 소거능과 ferric thiocyanate법으로 과산화물생성 억제능을 시험하였다. 대부분의 획분에서 항산화성을 보였으며 특히 ethyl acetate 획분에서 BHA나 $\alpha$-tocopherol과 거의 유사한 rkdgkshydroxyl radical 소거능과 지질과산화물생성 억제능을 보였다. Ethyl acetate 획분으로부터 항산화성 물질을 분리하기 위하여 Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography 및 prep HPLC를 행하여 단일 물질로 정제하였다. 분리 정제된 물질을 $^{1}$H-NMR과 $^{13}$C-NMR로 구조 분석한 결과 gallic acid로 동정하였다. 페놀산을 GC로 분석한 결과 밤 귀피의 주요 페놀산으로 ellagic acid(172.22 mg%) 와 gallic acid(107.39 mg%)가 확인되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1379-1384
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water extract from Artemisiae Argi Folium Fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus (AFL) on hydrogen peroxide production within human hepatocyte HepG2 cells treated with gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde. AFL (0~400 ug/mL) was treated with gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. AFL showed the restoration of the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide which were reduced by gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde in HepG2 Cells. AFL could be supposed to have the hepatoprotective effect related with hepatocytologic signaling activity against gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the structure of antioxidative constituents and the free radical scavenging effect of the main ingredients from Galla Rhois(Rhus javanica Linne). Antioxidative activities of n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extracts of Galla Rhois were similar or even higher than that of natural (tocopherol) or synthetic antioxidant (BHA). It is suggested that major fractions for the antioxidative activity of Galla Rhois were the n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments. In the subsequently experiment, one active compound from n-hexane extract, three active compounds from EtOAc extract and one active compound from BuOH extract were isolated. Their chemical structures were identified as syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid methylester, gallic acid and $1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ on the basis of the speculation of spectral data and chemical reaction. Among the compounds, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid methylester and $1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ showed most potent radical scavenging effect using DPPH method.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1322-1326
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• 2008

Tannase catalyzes the hydrolysis of gallic acid esters and hydrolysable tannins. Twenty-two Lactobacillus strains with tannase activity were isolated from 7 types of kimchi. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay targeting the recA gene assigned all isolates to either Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus pentosus. The tannase activities of isolates measured in whole cells and cell-free extracts varied even within each species. The activities of the isolates varied with the assay method, but both methods indicated that isolate LT7 (identified as L. pentosus) showed the highest activity. The results of thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively, showed that tannic acid and gallic acid degraded to pyrogallol in resting L. pentosus LT7 cells. Therefore, the putative biochemical pathway for the degradation of tannic acid by L. pentosus implies that tannic acid is hydrolyzed to gallic acid and glucose, with the formed gallic acid being decarboxylated to pyrogallol. This study revealed the possible production of pyrogallol from tannic acid by the resting cell reaction with L. pentosus LT7.