• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Shopping malls have become key players in the Indian retail space. Even in upcoming Indian towns, malls have been mushrooming. Raipur, the capital city of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh has witnessed the growth over the last few years. However, this unplanned growth of malls in cities is expected to lead to oversupply of mall space in the near future, making things difficult for mall developers. The study is an attempt to identify appropriate strategies for mall developers to iron out such kinks. This paper presents 'shopping experience' as a tool to compete, succeed and explore its composition in terms of its constituent factors. The paper uses Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a non-probability sample of 350 respondents. It condenses a set of twenty-two mall variables into five factors that directly influence the shopping experience. These factors included ambience, infrastructure, marketing focus, convenience and safety and security. In terms of significance, shoppers assigned different weightage to each of these factors. The study shed light on interesting insights regarding the expectations of mall shoppers in the city of Raipur. The results though interesting, may be extended to different social, economic and geographic contexts to check the universality. While strategizing, mall developers must assign proportionate effort on the factors based on the respective contribution to shopping experience. In light of intensifying competition in Raipur, the study is significant for future prospects of malls. In the absence of a scientific and objective basis, the developers run risk of making wrong investment and management decisions. This paper is a useful addition to the body of knowledge on management of shopping malls in India and is unique in terms of its focus on mall shoppers in the smaller Indian cities like Raipur.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Traditional cuisine reflects cooking traditions shaped by political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental conditions characterized by authenticity and uniqueness. Traditional food is not only a part of our cultural heritage but also a knowledge resource. Application of food science and technology in Korean traditional foods was reviewed from six points of view, including food preservation, fermentation, changes in food materials, utilization of food functionality, and packaging and development of cooking appliances. Books from disparate times were chosen in order to cover a wide range of materials from the past to the present. Food preservation and fermentation techniques were applied to various food materials. Combination of science and skills contributes to the accessibility of diverse food materials and better quality foods. Koreans use assorted and resilient plants, which have an abundance of functional substances such as food materials. Among cooking appliances, microwave oven and refrigerator are the most innovative products with huge influences on food eating patterns as well as lifestyle. Packaging effectively reduces post-harvest preservation losses, and better packaging has technical improvements for storage and distribution. Kimchi was chosen as an example in order to study technology from the past to the present. Availability of Kimchi cabbage, enrichment of functional ingredients, identification of useful microbial species, standardization of recipe for commercialization, prevention of texture softening, introduction of salted Kimchi cabbage and Kimchi refrigerators, and packaging were reviewed. The future of traditional foods in the market will be competitive. First, traditional foods market should be maintained to protect the diversity of food materials. Secondly, tailored foods for individuals should be considered using foods with functional properties. Information on health benefits would provide insights into health and traditional food products. Third, speedy transfer of new technology to the traditional food industry is needed to ensure food quality production and new opportunities in the market. Fourth, safety of traditional foods should be ensured without sacrificing the essential characteristics of culturally important foods. Improvement of logistics, distribution, and facility should be carried out. As demand for convenience foods increases, traditional foods should be developed into products.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2020

폐플라스틱 리싸이클링이 사회적 이슈로 부각하여 그 중요성이 날로 더해지고 있는 이때에 우리나라 폐플라스틱의 리싸이클링 현황 및 향후 나아갈 방향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 폐플라스틱 리싸이클링은 비단 우리나라뿐만 아니라 전 세계 주요 경제적, 사회적 문제로 부각되어 환경을 보호하고 다음 세대에 지속가능한 지구를 물려주는데 중요 요소로 다뤄지고 있다. 특히 그동안 전 세계 발생되는 플라스틱 폐기물의 상당량을 처리해 오던 중국이 플라스틱 폐기물의 수입을 중단함에 따라 각국은 자국 내에서 폐플라스틱을 리싸이클링 해야만 하는 문제에 직면하게 되었다. 우리나라도 자원순환법에 의해 폐플라스틱의 매립 및 소각이 더욱 어려워지고 있어 폐플라스틱을 효과적으로 리싸이클링 하여 다시 사용하는 것은 매우 중요한 과제이다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-74
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• 1998

국제물류를 국제무역의 물적유통과 국제 화물유동으로 정의하고 방법론상의 변화를 고찰한 결과 다음과 같은 과제를 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 국제물류에 관한 연구방법의 개발로 물류를 단지 수송의 현상으로써 인식하는 것이 아니라 생산과 소비를 결합하고 정보류를 포함한 종합적 로지스틱으로써 이해할 필요성이 있다. 둘째, 국제물류 유동의 모델화에 관한 연구는 장차 도시를 포함한 지역간의 관계를 주목하는 미시적 관점에서의 연구가 필요하다. 그리고 글로벌 경제로 국가뿐만 아니라 다국적 기업도 무역의 주체로 등장하기 때문에 문화적.행동론적 요소를 가미한 입지론과 경제지리학은 새로 구축되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 국제물류를 배경으로 한 항만과 그 후배지와의 관계에 대한 연구는 기업의 의사결정 행동으로서 항만의 이용을 야기시키는 요인까지 분석할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 석유파동 이후 輕薄短小 화물, 유연적 전문화로 인한 다품종 소량 생산체제와 자유무역주의의 등장과, 신선도를 요하는 식료품이나 화훼 등의 고속수송의 필요성으로 항공 화물수송이 중요시되고 있기 때문에 국제공항을 중심으로 화물의 후배지와 지향지에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.581-600
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• 2013

The current status of atmospheric environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been summerized and future prospective for effective and accurate atmospheric EIA has been proposed by reviewing available papers and reports for the atmospheric EIA. The number of reports for the EIA in the EIA support system which is operated by the Korean Environmental Institute have been dramatically decreased from 282 reports in 2008 to 113 reports in 2012 during recent five years. This is partially due to simplification of the EIA procedure, the contraction of the public development and economic recession. We analyzed details of the EIA report to review how actual atmospheric EIA has preformed according to the EIA guidelines from the Korean Ministry of Environment. The 264 reports of EIA published in 2011 and 2012 had been reviewed especially focusing on the atmospheric evaluation items such as meteorology, air quality measurement and modeling, odor measurement and modeling, wind corridor in urban planning, and climate change. In overall sense, the atmospheric EIA has been performed quite well by abiding the guidelines except for local meteorological data measurement, permit standard for air quality and wind corridor. The new approaches to improve the procedure of atmospheric EIA and to reflect future of national air quality standard of $PM_{2.5}$ have been proposed. The guidelines on how to evaluate the wind corridor, to implement atmospheric EIA for $PM_{2.5}$ permit, and how to acquire local meteorological data by combining local measurement and model prediction are required for the effective and future oriented atmospheric EIA.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.163-191
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• 2017

이 글은 2016년을 정점으로 한 최근 베트남의 정치, 경제, 대외관계를 진단하고 향후 변화를 전망해보는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 정치적으로 베트남은 2016년 공산당대회와 국회의원 선거를 치루며 새로운 국가지도부 구성을 마쳤다. 새로운 지도부에서 눈여겨 볼 점은 공산당의 정치국원과 행정부를 이끌 장관의 비율에서 북부출신이 우위를 지속하게 되었다는 사실이다. 또한 사회주의를 지향하는 시장경제체제를 발전시키기 위하여 공업화와 현대화를 지속적으로 추진하면서 미래를 위한 구조조정에 전력을 다하겠다는 국가발전목표를 제시하였다는 사실이다. 이러한 정치적 결정은 베트남 경제의 원동력이 저가의 노동력을 활용하기 위해 투자하는 외국자본에 토대를 두고 있지만 동시에 대외의존적인 노동집약적 산업에 머물러서는 국가경제의 미래가 불투명하다는 사실에 토대를 두고 있다. 실제로, 베트남이 어려운 대외여건 속에서도 저가생산물 기지로서 입지를 다지고 경제성장을 지속하고 있지만 향후 외자의존도와 사회경제적 불평등을 시정하지 않으면 장기적인 지속성장에 어려움을 겪을 것이 분명하다. 이러한 구조적인 문제에 더하여 단기적으로는 세계경제의 침체, 서구의 금융/화폐 정책, 그리고 무역협정의 불확실성 등이 베트남 경제의 성장을 가늠 하는 변수가 될 것이다. 국제관계에 있어서도 남중국해 등에서 영토분쟁을 겪고 있는 중국과의 관계를 의식하여 미국, 일본, 러시아, 인도 등과 밀접한 관계를 유지하며 외교다변화 정책을 지속할 것으로 보인다. 동시에 보호무역을 천명한 미국의 트럼프 정부가 들어서면서 중국을 포함한 주변 강대국과 정치와 경제를 모두 의식한 균형 있는 외교를 더욱 강화해야 하는 상황에 직면해 있다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-31
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• 1988

The national family planning program in Korea, which was instituted as an integral part of the nation's economic development plans since 1962, has contributed greatly to a reduction in the fertility and population growth rate. The total fertility rate dipped from 6.0 births per women in 1960 to 2.0 in 1985, and the population growth rate rom 2.84 percent per year to 1.25 percent during the same period, while the contraceptive practice rate for the 15-44 married women increased from 9 percent in 1965 to 70 percent in 1985. Study findings indicate that the fertility reduction in the past 26 years is largely attributed to the virgorous implementation of the national family planning program, rising age at marriage, wide-spread use of induced abortion, and the changes in attitude regarding the value of children that came into being in the wake of the rapid socio-economic development over the period. Among the strengths of the national family planning program are the following : 1) a pluralistic system of program manageent with active participation of various government and voluntary organizations, 2) utilization of a large corps of family planning field workers to conduct face-to-face communication and motivation activities, 3) use of private physicians with government support to provide contraceptive services, 4) a systematic program management system including program planning of traget allocation, evaluation, and supervision with a broad MIS and award system, 5) numerous incentive and disincentive schemes for stimulating the small family norm and contraceptive use, and 6) strong commitments to the family planning program by political leaders. The new demographic targets during the Sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development plan period(1987-91) have been set for a further reduction in the population growth rate to 1.0 percent by 1993, assuming that the TFR will decline to 1.75 level in 1995. This target is, however, not easy to achieve due to anticipated unfavorable factors like the strong boy preference, high discontinuation rates of reversible contraceptive methods, fertility termination-oriented contraceptive use, a plateau level of contraceptive practice rate that has mostly accounted for a sterilization, shortened length of birth intervals, and the changing patterns of contraceptive mix. The recent changes in contraceptive and fertility behaviors clearly indicate that the past quantity-oriented management system of the national program should be redirected toward a quality-oriented approach. Particularly, program efforts should be expanded to recruit new contraceptive users in the 20s of younger age groups, both for birth spacing and controlling their fertility since the women aged 20 to 29 account for more than 80 percent of the total annual births in recent years. In addition, the current contraceptive fee system of the national family planning program should be gradually shifted from free contraceptive services to a acceptor's charge system, and the provision of contraceptive services through the medical insurance system, which will cover the entire population by 1989, should be accelerated as a means of integration of family planning program with other health programs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.213-229
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• 2005

The first and the longest criminal indictment case of Korean medico-legal battle, so called BORAMAE Hospital Incident, was finally on its end by Korean Supreme Court's decision on June 24, 2004, after 7 years long legal dispute via Seoul District Court and Seoul Superior Appeal Court's decision. Boramae Hospital case was the first Korean legal case of Withdrawing Life-sustaining treatment of mechanical respirator on 58 years old Extradural Hematoma victim who was on Respirator under Coma after multi-organ failure postoperatively(APACHE II score: 34-39). Two physicians who have involved patient's care and had helped to make discharge the Near-death patient to home after repeated demand of patient's wife, due to economic reason, were sentenced as homicidal crime. This review article will discuss the following items with the review of US cases, Quinlan(1976), Nancy Cruzan(1990), Barber (1983), Helen Wanglie(1990), Baby K (1994) and Baby L cases, along with Official Statement of ATS and other Academic dignitaries of US and World.: [1] Details of Boramae Hospital incident, medical facts description and legal language of homicidal crime sentence. [2] The medical dispute about the legal misinterpretation of patient's clinical status, regarding the severity of the victim with multi-organs failure on Respirator under coma with least chance of recovery, less than 10% probability. [3] Case study of US, of similar situation. [4] Introduction of ATS official Statement on Withdrawing/ Withholding Life sustaining treatment. [5] Patient Autonomy as basic principle. [6] The procedural formality in Medical practise for keeping the legitimacy. [7] The definition of Medical Futility and its dispute. [8] Dying in Dignity and PAS(Physician Assisted Suicide)/and/or Euthanasia [9] The Korean version of "Dying in Dignity", based on the Supreme Court's decision of Boramae Hospital incident (2004.6.24.) [10] Summary and Author's Note for future prospects.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.418-433
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• 2001

이 글의 목적은 지리학의 연구대상으로서 대학을 어떻게 이해할 것이며, 이에 관한 기존의 연구동향과 아울러 앞으로의 연구과제를 살펴보는데 있다. 우리 나라에서는 1980년대 이래 대학교육이 양적으로 크게 팽창되었지만, 대학의 입지적 특성이나 지역적 파급효과, 지역발전과의 연계 등 지리학적 관점에서 체계적으로 다룬 연구가 극히 빈약한 실정이다. 따라서 이 글은 21세기 지시사회에서 지역발전의 핵심요소로서 부상되고 있는 대학의 역할을 고찰하고. 이를 지역발전과 연관시켜 개념적으로 파악하고자 했다. 또한 대학 연구가 활발하고 상당한 연구가 축적되어 있는 선진 제국의 교육지리학적 연구동향과 대학에 관한 연구중점의 변화를 개관하였다. 끝으로 대학과 지역발전에 대한 관심을 환기시키기 위해, 장차 다루어져야할 몇 가지 연구과제를 논의하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49-68
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to extensively review the condition monitoring (CM) techniques using empirical models in an effort to reduce or eliminate unexpected downtimes in general industry, and to illustrate the feasibility of applying them to the nuclear industry. CM provides on-time warnings of system states to enable the optimal scheduling of maintenance and, ultimately, plant uptime is maximized. Currently, most maintenance processes tend to be either reactive, or part of scheduled, or preventive maintenance. Such maintenance is being increasingly reported as a poor practice for two reasons: first, the component does not necessarily require maintenance, thus the maintenance cost is wasted, and secondly, failure catalysts are introduced into properly working components, which is worse. This paper first summarizes the technical aspects of CM including state estimation and state monitoring. The mathematical background of CM is mature enough even for commercial use in the nuclear industry. Considering the current computational capabilities of CM, its application is not limited by technical difficulties, but by a lack of desire on the part of industry to implement it. For practical applications in the nuclear industry, it may be more important to clarify and quantify the negative impact of unexpected outcomes or failures in CM than it is to investigate its advantages. In other words, while issues regarding accuracy have been targeted to date, the concerns regarding robustness should now be concentrated on. Standardizing the anticipated failures and the possibly harsh operating conditions, and then evaluating the impact of the proposed CM under those conditions may be necessary. In order to make the CM techniques practical for the nuclear industry in the future, it is recommended that a prototype CM system be applied to a secondary system in which most of the components are non-safety grade. Recently, many activities to enhance the safety and efficiency of the secondary system have been encouraged. With the application of CM to nuclear power plants, it is expected to increase profit while addressing safety and economic issues.