• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.424-435
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• 2016

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations and the Federal Guidance Report (FGR) published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been widely applied worldwide in the fields of radiation protection and dose assessment. The dose conversion coefficients of the ICRP and FGR are widely used for assessing exposure doses. However, before the coefficients are used, the user must thoroughly understand the derivation process of the coefficients to ensure that they are used appropriately in the evaluation. Materials and Methods: The ICRP provides recommendations to regulatory and advisory agencies, mainly in the form of guidance on the fundamental principles on which appropriate radiological protection can be based. The FGR provides federal and state agencies with technical information to assist their implementation of radiation protection programs for the U.S. population. The system of radiation dose assessment and dose conversion coefficients in the ICRP and FGR is reviewed in this study. Results and Discussion: A thorough understanding of their background is essential for the proper use of dose conversion coefficients. The FGR dose assessment system was strongly influenced by the ICRP and the U.S. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), and is hence consistent with those recommendations. Moreover, the ICRP and FGR both used the scientific data reported by Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) as their primary source of information. The difference between the ICRP and FGR lies in the fact that the ICRP utilized information regarding a population of diverse races, whereas the FGR utilized data on the American population, as its goal was to provide guidelines for radiological protection in the US. Conclusion: The contents of this study are expected to be utilized as basic research material in the areas of radiation protection and dose assessment.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2003

Purpose: To examine the effect of the solution-focused group counseling program on the nursing students' problem-solving capacity. Methods: The research design was one-group pretest-posttest design in quasi-experimental research. The subjects were 16 sophomore nursing students being in K university located in D city, Korea. The period of this research was from January 9 to February 20, 2002, from January 10 to February 21, 2003. The group counseling program that was developed by Kim, Hyeon Mi (2001) on the basis of the fundamental principles of solution-focused therapy of de Shazer, et al. (1986) and the solution-focused group counseling process proposed by Selekman (1991), LaFountain, et al. (1996) and Metcalf (1998) was used after being modified and complemented for the nursing students. The group counseling was carried out six times for 120 minutes per week. The instruments used for this study were the Problem Solving Inventory developed by Heppner and Petersen (1982) and Scaling question. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test with SPSS program. Results: 1) Problem solving capacity increased after solution-focused group counseling program, but a significant difference was not revealed(t=0.835, p=0.057). 2) The scores of self-confidence with the problem-solving were significantly increased when it was compared with the 1st and the 6th(t=3.587, p=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that the solution-focused group counseling program should be considered as an effective nursing intervention program for the nursing students by improving self-confidence with the problem-solving. As a results, this study suggests that the specific techniques used in the solution focused therapy should be applied actively in areas of counseling and communication training for the nursing students and nurses.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.205-226
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• 2015

Finite element method (FEM) is an effective quantitative method to solve complex engineering problems. The basic idea of FEM for a complex problem is to be able to find a solution by reducing the problem made simple. If mathematical tools are inadequate to obtain precise result, even approximate result, FEM is the only method that can be used for structural analyses. In FEM, the domain is divided into a large number of simple, small and interconnected sub-regions called finite elements. FEM has been used commonly for linear and nonlinear analyses of different types of structures to give us accurate results of plane stress and plane strain problems in civil engineering area. In this paper, FEM is used to investigate stress analysis of a shear wall which is subjected to concentrated loads and fundamental principles of stress analysis of the shear wall are presented by using matrix displacement method in this paper. This study is consisting of two parts. In the first part, the shear wall is discretized with constant strain triangular finite elements and stiffness matrix and load vector which is attained from external effects are calculated for each of finite elements using matrix displacement method. As to second part of the study, finite element analysis of the shear wall is made by ANSYS software program. Results obtained in the second part are presented with tables and graphics, also results of each part is compared with each other, so the performance of the matrix displacement method is demonstrated. The solutions obtained by using the proposed method show excellent agreements with the results of ANSYS. The results show that this method is effective and preferable for the stress analysis of shell structures. Further studies should be carried out to be able to prove the efficiency of the matrix displacement method on the solution of plane stress problems using different types of structures.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.655-663
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• 2019

Recent interest in software education has naturally led to interest in computer science. Computer science is the study of theory and principle of computer and computational systems. This knowledge and concept of computer science is fundamental to software education. Recently, "Computer Science (CS) Unplugged", which is an educational method for introducing students to concepts of computer science without using a computer, has been widely used in classes around the world. CS Unplugged is a method for learning the basic principles of computer science through diverse playing activities. The problem, however, is that these CS unplugged activities take place in class without an analysis of how closely they relate to the core subjects learned in real computer science. Therefore, in this study, we will study on the comparison between the core contents of computer science and the core contents of computer science contained in the various activities of CS Unplugged.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

As the importance of artificial intelligence(AI) education is emphasized recently, policies and researches are being promoted to develop the AI curriculum or courses for K-12 students in worldwide. In this study, researcher analysed a synthesis of contents and standards on AI education curriculum to present implications for AI education in the elementary and secondary schools. As a result, Korea and the United States are proposing national curriculum standards to provide the basis for AI curriculum establishment in school sites and to provide guidelines for various related policies such as teacher training programs. The EU's AI education is characterized by its curriculum and online courses to ensure that all citizens of the EU have AI literacy, rather than designating students or subjects at specific school levels. In terms of educational contents and levels, Korea, United States, and EU's curriculum or standards includes basics and applications related to machine learning and neural network based on the fundamental concepts and principles of artificial intelligence.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.281-293
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• 2002

Empiricism has characterized the traditional methods of pile design; in essence, pile design recommendations are based on the accumulated knowledge of pile behaviour based on the construction and subsequent load testing of piles in soil and rock. In this paper, the traditional approaches to design of piles in rock will be briefly reviewed. It will be shown that the unrelated empirical relationships developed fur rock lead to considerable uncertainty in the design of piles. A new method for predicting the shaft resistance of piles socketed into rock, and based on fundamental principles is outlined. It is shown that the shaft resistance predictions of this method agree well with the field test data for rock and hard soil. It is demonstrated by way of a limited parametric study that shaft roughness and socket diameter are critical factors in the performance of piles constructed in these materials. The application of the method to piles socketed into the granites and gneisses of Korea is discussed by way of a case study and by reference to recent direct shear tests on these rocks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2011

This study aims at proposing some reform measures for the middle school grouping system in Gwangju Metropolitan City, which is divided 86 middle schools into 10 clusters and 3 school districts. In doing so, it analyzes the present status of educational environment and student walking distance in each school district such as the number of student per teacher, the student density, the school size and the gender ratio in class. And it conducts a survey of 5,363 middle school students, 3,966 parents and 1,007 teachers, also evaluates their satisfaction levels and needs with the student allocation system. As the result of the survey and data analysis, it finds out some problems in some school districts which are gender imbalance in class, the preference for private middle schools and inconvenience in commuting to school. To solve these problems, the study suggests the better alternatives to replace the current system. Firstly, to set up the basic fundamental principles detailed in 3 action plan, which emphasize the adherence to a close-range allocation, the appropriate size of school and class, and the equalization of educational environment. Secondly, to establish the information system for managing the school district in order to be more objective and transparent. Finally, it gives a concrete proposal which divides the 10th school grouping system into the 11th. The result would be expected to ease the gender imbalance and the concentration of private middle schools, to improve the student walking condition to school.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.419-446
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• 2012

National statistical system in Korea has developed along with national economic agenda such as a government oriented high economic growth and has formed to a typical diversified statistical system. While the national statistics have been produced whenever they are needed, they are facing the critics that production of basic statistics were lack of balance. Grasping the statistical demand properly, enhancing the statistical concurrence with international organization, preventing the production of overlapped and similar statistics, and improving the professionalism of manpower in statistical industry are the structural problems that Korean statistical system has to get over. It is important to strengthen the coordination mechanism and the governance structure of the national statistical system to level up the integrity and credibility of statistical program. The length of Chief Statistician's tenure need to be assured.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2012

In order to improve the existing S-57 standard, International Hydrographic Organization(IHO) has developed S-100 standard, a Universal Hydrographic Data Model(UHDM) expanded from ISO 19100 series standard to hydrographic area, and is in the process of its implementation. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has established CMDS based on e-Navigation strategy data standard as International Association of Lighthouse Authorities(IALA) established IHDM based on aids to navigation data standard and each data standard is linked with the S-100 standard. Fundamental concept and core principles of S-100 standard is suitable not only for the development of a wide range of hydrographic data and service production standard, including the next generation ENC, but also the development of product specification of non-hydrographic area. This study has examined the operation principle of S-100 standard and analyzed its implementation process as e-Navigation data in relation with ENC. It also noted the utilization of S-100 standard based e-Navigation and its potential effect via examining the development cases of S-100 standard-based product specification, such as nautical publication, ship reporting and pilot request, digital routing guide, tide and water level transmission and other important data cases of e-Navigation field.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 1999

Typography is a subject of fundamental principle and considerable importance to the practice of design and visual language. In Typography education, we need to teach student with systematic, logic and holistic view prior to intuitive way. It must be emphasized as a foundation to all graphic design students who are familiar with digital media. despite the fact that high technology has invaded th design profession and the importance of learning how to deal with these new possibilities has grown, technological processes are not substituted nor are they excuses for not learning basic principles of Typography. Technology is merely and extension of these skills. The logic is objective and the intuition is subjective. Visual system exercises the student's ability to work objectively in thought and in method. Visual system presents the idea that logic and intuition can work together to give stronger results in problem solving than either can alone. I critically analyzed that what is system and how can we develop visual system which can be adapted to Typography education. I also have investigated visual system to find the possibility and flexibility in Typography education.