• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제11권1_2호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to present certain results arising from product between fuzzy $H_{v}$-submodules. In particular, we consider the fundamental relation $\varepsilon$* defined on an $H_{v}$-module and give a property of the fundamental relations and fundamental modules with respect to the fuzzy product of $H_{v}$-modules.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.207-230
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• 2022

In this article, we investigate several aspects of (R, S)-hyper bi-modules and describe some their properties. The concepts of fundamental relation, completes part and complete closure are studied regarding to (R, S)-hyper bi-modules. In particular, we show that any complete (R, S)-hyper bi-module has at least an identity and any element has an inverse. Finally, we obtain a few results related to the heart of (R, S)-hyper bi-modules.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.850-863
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• 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of preclinical OSCE(Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation) on knowledge, confidence in their Core fundamental nursing skills and self-efficacy in nursing students. Method. The research design was a one group pretest-posttest design and it was done to assess changes in knowledge, confidence in core fundamental nursing skills and self-efficacy from pre to the post-test which was given after the OSCE. Data were collected from March 5 to April 7, 2016 from 37 nursing students who were taking the 15-hours using OSCE learning module at one Gyeongbuk-do, P-city. This practicum was composed of 4 core fundamental nursing skills and 5 other fundamental nursing skills. The knowledge consisted of a 10-item by researchers and the confidence of core fundamental nursing skills consisted of an 9-item NRS and the self-efficacy consisted of a 17-item 5-point scale and measured in both the pretest and posttest. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS IBM 20.0 program for the frequency, percentage, x2-test, and paired t-test. Rusult. The results showed that although scores of knowledge of OSCE learning module were significanlty increased from 5.22 to 7.03(t=5.30, p<.001). There were significantly increased in scores of confidence in core fundamental nursing skills from 5.13 to 7.27(t=10.01, p<.001), In the sub-scales of each core fundamental nursing skills was scored the highest. otherwise, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy(t=1.42, p=.161). Conclusions. Based on the results, this study suggests that OSCE module development activities for nursing students in nursing education-learning in order to improve nursing skills.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.715-725
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• 2018

Truss-Z (TZ) is an Extremely Modular System (EMS). Such systems allow for creation of structurally sound free-form structures, are comprised of as few types of modules as possible, and are not constrained by a regular tessellation of space. Their objective is to create spatial structures in given environments connecting given terminals without self-intersections and obstacle-intersections. TZ is a skeletal modular system for creating free-form pedestrian ramps and ramp networks. The previous research on TZ focused on global discrete geometric optimization of the spatial configuration of modules. This paper reports on the first attempts at structural optimization of the module for a single-branch TZ. The internal topology and the sizing of module beams are subject to optimization. An important challenge is that the module is to be universal: it must be designed for the worst case scenario, as defined by the module position within a TZ branch and the geometric configuration of the branch itself. There are four variations of each module, and the number of unique TZ configurations grows exponentially with the branch length. The aim is to obtain minimum-mass modules with the von Mises equivalent stress constrained under certain design load. The resulting modules are further evaluated also in terms of the typical structural criterion of compliance.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2023

It is shown that every nilpotent-invariant module can be decomposed into a direct sum of a quasi-injective module and a square-free module that are relatively injective and orthogonal. This paper is also concerned with rings satisfying every cyclic right R-module is nilpotent-invariant. We prove that R ≅ R₁ × R₂, where R₁, R₂ are rings which satisfy R₁ is a semi-simple Artinian ring and R₂ is square-free as a right R₂-module and all idempotents of R₂ is central. The paper concludes with a structure theorem for cyclic nilpotent-invariant right R-modules. Such a module is shown to have isomorphic simple modules eR and fR, where e, f are orthogonal primitive idempotents such that eRf ≠ 0.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 유비쿼터스 기반 도로재해관리시스템 개발에 본 연구에의 목적이 있으며, 이를 위한 기반기술은 무선인터넷통신모듈, 모바일모듈 및 서버모듈로 구분하여 개발하였다. 이와 같이 개발된 기반기술은 도로재해관리 뿐만 아니라 각종 모바일 및 유비쿼터스 응용솔루션개발에 사용될 수 있으며, 도로재해현장에서 정보취득에 필요한 기 구축된 수치형태의 각종 DB를 실시간으로 수신하고 이를 기초로 현장 자료를 취득할 수 있으므로 현장 자료 취득의 정확도 및 신뢰도를 제고할 수 있다. 또한 이를 수신한 웹기반의 서버모듈 즉, 웹기반 도로 재해관리시스템에서는 기존의 도로관련 각종 자료에 절대좌표를 이용하여 현장재해정보를 연계하여 볼 수 있어, 정확한 의사결정을 실시간으로 수립하여 현장에 전송할 수 있다. 이러한 유비쿼터스 도로재해관리시스템의 기반기술 개발을 통하여 기존 도로재해관리 방법의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2004

The directional ability of an automobile has an influence on driver directly, and hence it must be given most priority. Alignment factors of automobile such as the camber, caster and toe directly affect the directional ability of a vehicle. The above mentioned factors are determined by the pose of interlinks in the assembly of an automobile front chassis module. Measuring the position of center point of ball joints in the front lower arm is very difficult. A method to determine this position is suggested in this paper. Pose estimation for front chassis module and dimensional evaluation to find the rotational characteristics of front lower arm were developed based on fundamental geometric techniques. To interpret the inspection data obtained for front chassis module, 3-D best fit method is needed. The best fit method determines the relationship between the nominal design coordinate system and the corresponding feature coordinate system. The least squares method based on singular value decomposition is used in this paper.

• 산업공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2000

EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) allows the exchange of business information and computer-processable data in a standard, structured format electronically between organizational entities. EDI handles the restructuring of a business document into the standard format so that it can be transmitted from one computer to another. This paper identifies features and technologies of web browsed electronic document exchange system as follows 1) the fundamental technologies that consists of the EDI technologies, the Internet/Web technologies, the security/authentication techniques, and the XML implementation technologies. 2) the functions that consists of the document standards, transfer technology of the document, encryption and authentication 3) the implemented Web-EDI systems that consists of document generation module, encryption and authentication module, transfer module, acknowledgement module, administration module. In this paper, the Web-based EDI system implemented from the researched technologies will be installed on the EDI servers owned by corporate customers and enable the exchange of documents between each installed companies.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of thermoelectric technology to concrete structures for harvesting solar energy that would otherwise be wasted. In various fields of research, thermoelectric technology using a thermoelectric module is being investigated for utilizing solar energy. METHODS: In our experiment, a halogen lamp was used to produce heat energy instead of the solar heat. A data logger was used to record the generated voltage over time from the thermoelectric module mounted on a concrete specimen. In order to increase the efficiency of energy harvesting, various factors such as color, architecture, and the ability to prevent heat absorption by the concrete surface were investigated for the placement of the thermoelectric module. RESULTS : The thermoelectric module produced a voltage using the temperature difference between the lower and upper sides of the module. When the concrete specimen was coated with an aluminum foil, a high electric power was measured. In addition, for the power generated at low temperatures, it was confirmed that the voltage was generated steadily. CONCLUSIONS: Thermoelectric technology for energy harvesting can be applied to concrete structures for generating electric power. The generated electricity can be used to power sensors used in structure monitoring in the future.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2011

The Kauffman bracket skein module $K_t$(M) of a 3-manifold M becomes an algebra for t = -1. We prove that this algebra has no non-trivial nilpotent elements for M being the exterior of the twist knot in 3-sphere and, therefore, it is isomorphic to the $SL_2(\mathbb{C})$-character ring of the fundamental group of M. Our proof is based on some properties of Chebyshev polynomials.