• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2018

It is reported that the causes of unaesthetic proportion of anterior teeth vary widely. Especially, when the unaesthetic tooth proportion of the mandibular incisors arises due to the wear of the anterior teeth accompanied by the compensation of the alveolar bone, it may cause serious functional and aesthetic problems. In such case, it should be considered that the evaluation of vertical dimension and tooth proportion as well as smile line, soft tissue and hard tissue morphology. And, increase of vertical dimension or clinical crown lengthening followed by prosthodontic restorations is needed to improve the interdental mesial/distal, width/length ratio considering the anterior guidance. This case report demonstrates functional and aesthetic improvements through systematic diagnosis and treatment procedures in a 48-year-old male patient with unaesthetic anterior teeth proportion because of tooth wear accompanied by the compensation of alveolar bone and defect of several central incisors due to chronic periodontitis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2022

In removable partial dentures, abutment teeth are essential for support, maintenance, and stability of partial dentures, and are an important factor in the fabrication of functional dentures. If the number of periodontally sound abutments is sufficient and they are located on both sides, it will be easy to manufacture functional dentures with good support, maintenance, and stability. But on the contrary, if the number of teeth is insufficient or if they are located on one side, it is biomechanically disadvantageous and relatively difficult to make functional denture. On the other hand, recently, implant-supported removable dentures, which reinforce the three elements of maintenance, support, and stability by using implant surveyed crown, have been frequently selected as treatment plans. In particular, by adding an implant surveyed crown when only a small number of residual teeth remain, mastication efficiency, esthetics, patient comfort, and pronunciation can be improved. In this case, bilateral posterior extension partial denture was fabricated using implant surveyed crown as abutments by placing implants in the premolars area opposite to the residual tooth unilaterally in the mandible. As a result, the asymmetry of the abutment was resolved, and the maintenance and stability of the denture was achieved.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-77
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• 2011

This study investigate the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's attitude of bundle component. Although each effect of bundle price discount framing and message framing has been explored individually, few attempts have been made to invest them jointly. This study tests the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's evaluation of bundle component. Moreover, this research focuses on consumer's evaluation of individual bundle component while the existing research on bundling primarily focused on consumer's evaluation of the bundle. Prior research suggests that consumers are sensitive to the framing of prices and discounts in the presentation of the bundle offer. For example, there is considerable evidence that partitioning or consolidating the prices of a bundle can influence the attractiveness of the bundle offer. Similarly, there is evidence that an equivalent price reduction to the overall bundle, one of the individual products in the bundle, or distributed among the individual products in the bundle can alter the perceived attractiveness of the offer (e.g. Chakravarti, Krish, Paul, and Srivastava 2002; Hamilton and Srivastava 2008; Janiszewski and Cunha 2004; Johnson, Herrmann and Bauer 1999; ; Morwitz, Greenleaf, and Johnson 1998; Yadav 1994; 1995). In line with these earlier research, this research suggests that the bundle type can influence the consumer's evaluation of bundle component. There are two types of bundle - mixed-leader bundle and mixed-joint bundle. In mixed-leader bundling, the price of one of the two products is discounted when the other product is purchased at the regular price. In mixed-joint bundling, a single price is set when the two product are purchased jointly. This study supposes that the teeth whitening product is the leader product in a mixed-leader bundle. So bundle price discount framing is manipulated such as "Buy the teeth whitening product (regular price \80,000) and get 50% discount on the functional toothpaste(regular price \40,000), special set price \100,000" or "Buy the functional toothpaste and the teeth whitening product as a set and get discount for the set, special set price \60,000". Message framing is manipulated through the product claims described in an advertising bill. The positive framing presents that "Over 95% of users achieved the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks" where as the negative framing presents "less than 5% of users did not achieve the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks". This study uses hypothetical brand name of the teeth whitening product and the functional toothpaste This study is based on a 2x2 factorial design with bundle discount framing (mixed-leader bundle vs. mixed-joint bundle) and massage framing (positive vs. negative). The dependant variables are consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product The data reveals that two dependant variables are correlated, so the data is analyzed with two-way MANOVA. This research explores the significant interaction effect of bundle discount framing and message framing on consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product. When the message framing is positive, consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product is higher in mixed-leader bundle than mixed-joint bundle condition. However, when the message framing is negative, consumer's evaluation is higher in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. The author explains this result by stating that consumers are less likely to use heuristics such as price-quality association and value discounting hypothesis(Raghubir 2004) in the negative message framing condition. Additionally, consumer's perceived risk of the teeth whitening product in the negative message framing condition can be more reduced by the bundle partner(e.g. the toothpaste) in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. Based on the results, marketing managers are advised to use different bundle type based on message framing of their product.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.562-567
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• 2014

Human Hertwig's epithelial root sheath/epithelial rests of Malassez (HERS/ERM) cells are epithelial remnants of teeth residing in the periodontium. Although the functional roles of HERS/ERM cells have yet to be elucidated, they are a unique epithelial cell population in adult teeth and are reported to have stem cell characteristics. Therefore, HERS/ERM cells might play a role as an epithelial component for the repair or regeneration of dental hard tissues; however, they are very rare population in periodontium and the primary isolation of them is considered to be difficult. To overcome these problems, we immortalized primary HERS/ERM cells isolated from human periodontium using SV40 large T antigen (SV40 LT) and performed a characterization of the immortalized cell line. Primary HERS/ERM cells could not be maintained for more than 6 passages; however, immortalized HERS/ERM cells were maintained for more than 20 passages. There were no differences in the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of HERS/ERM cells and immortalized HERS/ERM cells. The expression of epithelial stem cell and embryonic stem cell markers was maintained in immortalized HERS/ERM cells. Moreover, immortalized HERS/ERM cells could acquire mesenchymal phenotypes through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via TGF-${\beta}1$. In conclusion, we established an immortalized human HERS/ERM cell line with SV40 LT and expect this cell line to contribute to the understanding of the functional roles of HERS/ERM cells and the tissue engineering of teeth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.396-404
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the association between dental implants in the posterior region and traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars, using data collected during from 2002 to 2015. Methods: Traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars was assessed by examining clinical parameters (bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, fremitus, and tooth mobility) and radiographic parameters (loss of supporting bone and widening of the periodontal ligament space) over a mean follow-up of 5 years. Clinical factors (gender, age, implant type, maxillary or mandibular position, opposing teeth, and duration of functional loading) were evaluated statistically in order to characterize the relationship between implants in the posterior region and traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars. Results: The study inclusion criteria were met by 283 patients, who had received 347 implants in the posterior region. The incidence of traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars was significantly higher for splinted implants (P=0.004), implants in the maxillary region (P<0.001), and when implants were present in the opposing teeth (P<0.001). The other clinical factors of gender, age, and duration of functional loading were not significantly associated with traumatic occlusion. Conclusions: This study found that the risk of traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars increased when splinted implants were placed in the maxillary molar region and when the teeth opposing an implant also contained implants.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.48-52
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• 2024

This study explores the histological features and Bmp4 expression patterns in the replaced tooth germ of Xenopus laevis. Tooth germ formation starts from the dental placode through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, involving various signaling pathways such as Fgf, Shh, Bmp, and Wnt. In mice, Bmp4 expression in the dental placode inhibits Pax9 expression in the dental mesenchyme. Although absent in the presumptive dental lamina of birds and toothless mammals, Bmp4 remains conserved in reptiles and fish owing to gene duplication. However, its expression in amphibian tooth germs is poorly understood. Three-month-old X. laevis were employed in this study. Initially, samples underwent paraffin embedding and were sectioned into 5 or 12 ㎛ ribbons for H&E staining and in situ hybridization, respectively. Results revealed teeth appearing in two maxillary rows: the labial side, with prefunctional and functional teeth, and the lingual side, with replaced tooth germs behind functional teeth. Enameloid was observed between the inner dental epithelium and dental mesenchyme at the cap or early bell stages, whereas enamel and dentin formed during the late bell or mineralization stages from the replaced tooth germ. Bmp4 expression was evident in the inner dental epithelium (ameloblasts), dental papilla (odontoblasts), stellate reticulum, and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Overall, these findings highlight the conservation of Bmp4 expression in X. laevis tooth development.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.340-347
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of oral function associated with number of present teeth (NT) in Korean elderly adults. The research was designed as cross-sectional study using the data of the 4th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, and the samples were selected by stratified clusters sampling. The subjects aged 55 to 84 years were 4,780 that joined the oral examination survey and questionnaires. The respective variables reflecting socioeconomic status, subjective health status and oral function factor were analyzed and their distributional differences were confirmed by complex sampling logistic regression analysis. Multivariable liner regression models considering covariates were applied to explain the associations between the number of present teeth and other variables. Gender, educated level, illegal dental treatment, self-rated oral health and oral functional factors, including chewing behavior and speaking behavior, were associated with the number of present teeth (p<0.05). Subjects with better self-rated oral health had more NT than those with worse. Subjects with worse speaking behaviors had less NT than those with better. Interventions aiming to enhance oral health in elderly adults should consider socioeconomic, demographic, and oral functional factors.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2016

Double crown prostheses can be used in patients who have a few remaining teeth and poor periodontal condition because of secondary splinting of abutments, vertical loading, decrease of the length of lever arm due to fulcrum line located on margin of inner and outer crown. Successful results of treatments using double crown prostheses for the partially edentulous patients who have a few remaining teeth and implant overdenture using a small number of implants have been reported. In this case, there were a few remaining teeth with a very poor periodontal condition in maxilla, and there were a failed implant with severe alveolar bone resorption and shrinkage in the mandible. The main objective of this report is to introduce our case because a double crown partial denture showed satisfactory results in functional and esthetical aspects during more than one-year follow-up period.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.463-476
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• 2010

Inadequate or unstable posterior support cause extrusion of antagonistic teeth and overloading of remaining teeth. Extrusion of antagonistic teeth result in collapsed occlusal plane and decreased prosthetic space. Also, overloading of remaining teeth increase occlusal wear or anterior extrusion of anterior teeth, which is resulting in loss of anterior guidance, disharmony of occlusion and decreased prosthetic space. In this case, careful evaluation of OVD(occlusal vertical dimension) is the general first trial to regain appropriate function and esthetics. Simultaneously, adequate anterior guidance and harmonious occlusal plane should be established in the repeatable reference position of the mandible. We report this case because severely worn dentition achieved functional and esthetic results from full mouth rehabilitation with increased vertical dimension and use of centric relation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

Numerous challenges in treating permanent dentition are encountered, especially in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis. Historically, calcium hydroxide application during long periods of time was used to induce the formation of a calcific barrier across the open apex. In 2004, a new treatment modality for the management of the open apex was introduced. This treatment was named as 'revascularization' and gained acceptance among dentists. The protocol was different from the traditional apexification techniques in that the canal was irrigated and disinfected with a combination of three antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline). At the next appointment, bleeding was induced and the canal was sealed with MTA. Successful regenerative endodontic treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth can provide continued root development, increased thickness in the dentinal walls and apical closure. These developments of a functional pulp-dentin complex have a promising impact on retaining the natural teeth, the goal of the dental health care.