• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

포괄적이고 총체적 돌봄을 제공하는 호스피스 완화의료의 경우 평가도구를 사용하여 문제목록의 객관화하고 돌봄 계획의 구체화하는 것이 필요하다. 초기평가는 입원 당일 혹은 1일 이내에 환자의 증상과 사회적, 영적 문제, 완화의료에 대한 요구가 무엇인지 파악하며 개괄적인 돌봄의 방향을 설정하는 과정이다. 현재 병에 대한 인식과 예후를 파악하는 것부터 연명의료계획서 작성까지 함께 검토한다. 초기평가도구로는 간단하지만 포괄적으로 신체적, 정신적, 사회적, 영적 영역을 아우르는 13개의 간단한 질문으로 구성된 NEST를 추천한다. 초기평가에서 파악된 문제에 대하여 구체적인 평가도구들을 활용하여 돌봄 계획을 수립하며 입원 후 3일이내 시행하는 것이 좋다. 신체적 영역의 경우 기능상태를 포함하여 통증과 비 통증 증상, 삶의 질을 함께 파악할 수 있는 다증상 평가도구가 도움이 될 수 있다. 환자의 증상은 단독으로 의미를 가지는 것이 아니라 복합적인 상호작용으로 발생하며, 그에 따라 포괄적으로 접근해야 하기 때문이다. 정신심리적 영역은 심리적 고통과 불안, 우울을 평가한다. 사회적 영역의 평가는 의사결정, 사회경제적 환경 파악, 가족 평가 및 임종 준비의 단계로 이루어진다. 영적 평가 역시 중요한데 FACIT-Sp나 SHI를 사용할 수 있다. 평가도구를 활용하는 것은 환자의 고통을 경감시키고 삶의 질을 향상시킬 뿐 아니라 의료진이 체계적으로 훈련되는 방안이 될 수 있으며 그 과정 자체가 더 나은 돌봄 제공을 위한 발판이 될 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2019

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis involves irreversible alveolar destruction. Although alveolar epithelial type II cells are key functional participants within the lung parenchyma, how epithelial cells are affected upon bleomycin (BLM) exposure remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether BLM could induce cell cycle arrest via regulation of Schlafen (SLFN) family genes, a group of cell cycle regulators known to mediate growth-inhibitory responses and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial type II cells. Methods: Mouse AE II cell line MLE-12 were exposed to $1-10{\mu}g/mL$ BLM and $0.01-100{\mu}M$ baicalein (Bai), a G1/G2 cell cycle inhibitor, for 24 hours. Cell viability and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by MTT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Apoptosis-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular morphology was determined after DAPI and Hoechst 33258 staining. To verify cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide (PI) staining was performed for MLE-12 after exposure to BLM. Results: BLM decreased the proliferation of MLE-12 cells. However, it significantly increased expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, and transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$. Based on Hoechst 33258 staining, BLM induced condensation of nuclear and fragmentation. Based on DAPI and PI staining, BLM significantly increased the size of nuclei and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that BLM increased mRNA levels of BAX but decreased those of Bcl2. In addition, BLM/Bai increased mRNA levels of p53, p21, SLFN1, 2, 4 of Schlafen family. Conclusion: BLM exposure affects pulmonary epithelial type II cells, resulting in decreased proliferation possibly through apoptotic and cell cycle arrest associated signaling.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 3 개의 아미노산으로 이루어진 트리펩타이드의 미세먼지에 의한 인간각질형성세포의 손상 억제 효과에 대해 확인하였다. 실험 결과 트리펩타이드 처리 시 미세먼지에 의한 세포 사멸이 억제되어 생존율 증가가 관찰되었으며, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) 기전 활성이 억제 되어 독성 대사체 생성과 염증반응에 관여하는 하위 인자인 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) 및 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)의 발현이 저해되었다. 또한 미세먼지에 의한 산화적 스트레스 억제 효과를 나타내어 염증성 사이토카인의 발현을 저해하였고, 피부 구성 단백질의 분해를 유도하는 matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)의 발현을 저해하였으며, 세포 사멸 인자의 수준을 저해하였다. 이 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 본 연구의 트리펩타이드는 미세먼지에 의한 인간각질형성세포의 사멸 및 주변 피부 조직의 손상을 유도할 수 있는 기전들을 억제하여 보호 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 트리펩타이드의 이러한 안티폴루션 효과는 신규 기능성 화장품 소재로 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2018

Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living protozoa that are opportunistic pathogens for humans. Cysteine proteases of Acanthamoeba have been partially characterized, but their biochemical and functional properties are not clearly understood yet. In this study, we isolated a gene encoding cysteine protease of A. castellanii (AcCP) and its biochemical and functional properties were analyzed. Sequence analysis of AcCP suggests that this enzyme is a typical cathepsin L family cysteine protease, which shares similar structural characteristics with other cathepsin L-like enzymes. The recombinant AcCP showed enzymatic activity in acidic conditions with an optimum at pH 4.0. The recombinant enzyme effectively hydrolyzed human proteins including hemoglobin, albumin, immunoglobuins A and G, and fibronectin at acidic pH. AcCP mainly localized in lysosomal compartment and its expression was observed in both trophozoites and cysts. AcCP was also identified in cultured medium of A. castellanii. Considering to lysosomal localization, secretion or release by trophozoites and continuous expression in trophozoites and cysts, the enzyme could be a multifunctional enzyme that plays important biological functions for nutrition, development and pathogenicity of A. castellanii. These results also imply that AcCP can be a promising target for development of chemotherapeutic drug for Acanthamoeba infections.

• Architectural research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Various housing measures are needed for the rapidly aging society of Korea. In particular, the welfare policy for the elderly has changed towards the community care. Taking this fact into consideration, it is necessary to have the establishment of a system that offers the elderly appropriate welfare services at their appropriate residence (ageing in place) for the effectiveness of the community care. In this aspect, there are a number of implications to Korea to study merits and demerits of the Health Facilities for the Aged (HFA) in Japan. The society of Japan has been rapidly aging since 1970, and Korea is to face the same situation. As for the data of this study, a total of 2,393 facilities (as of November 1999) mentioned in the annual report of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare were classified based on types of their establishment: (1) free-standing structures (603 facilities); (2) annexes to hospitals (981 facilities); (3) annexes to welfare facilities (511 facilities); and (4) annexes to clinics (298 facilities). Next, 239 facilities were selected through taking a sample of 10 percent from each type of the HFA mentioned above. This was done through the random sampling method with the computer program of MS EXCEL. The Implications of the results of analyses are as follows. First, most of the health facilities were planned with the scale that was larger than the scale of standard special nursing homes in terms of the total floor area. Precise equations that were to obtain precise results of the scale of the HFA and the appropriate number of residents were obtained through the method of the regression analysis. Korea and Japan have similarities in terms of culture, society and family relations; however, the two countries also have differences in terms of the application of laws on the establishment of houses, hospitals, and welfare facilities. As for planning the scale of the HFA, the realities of Korea should be considered. Second, as for the functional aspect of the HFA with a condition of returning home, the place before and after the HFA showed the pattern of 'from a residential place to a residential place' and 'from a hospital to a hospital.' This reveals a close correlation with the types of the HFAs and operational ways of the facilities. Its cause is considered to be the aspect of the operation and management of the HFA rather than the aspect of its function of providing services in association with medical and health facilities. Therefore, when intermediate welfare facilities are considered in Korea, it is strongly advised to consider the problem of annexes to other facilities and efficiency of sharing of the facilities in terms of its operation and management.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.502-510
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• 2006

2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2, 4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (MECPS, EC: 4.6.1.12) is the fifth enzyme of the non-mevalonate terpenoid pathway for isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis and is involved in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for ginkgolide biosynthesis. The full-length mecps cDNA sequence (designated as Gbmecps) was cloned and characterized for the first time from gymnosperm plant species, Ginkgo biloba, using RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique. The full-length cDNA of Gbmecps was 874 bp containing a 720 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a peptide of 239 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 26.03 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.83. Comparative and bioinformatic analyses revealed that GbMECPS showed extensive homology with MECPSs from other species and contained conserved residues owned by the MECPS protein family. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GbMECPS was more ancient than other plant MECPSs. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that GbMECPS expressed the highest in roots, followed by in leaves, and the lowest in seeds. The color complementation assay indicated that GbMECPS could accelerate the accumulation of $\beta$-carotene. The cloning, characterization and functional analysis of GbMECPS will be helpful to understand more about the role of MECPS involved in the ginkgolides biosynthesis at the molecular level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5927-5936
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• 2014

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Jordanians. Breast cancer patients suffer from several negative consequences after treatment and these include pain, fatigue, sexual problems, appearance and body image concerns, with psychological dysfunction. This could affect the patient quality of life and psychological well-being. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published quantitative data on the quality of life and psychological well-being of breast cancer patients in Jordan. The objective of this study was to obtain such data and assess predictors with calculated scores. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted among breast cancer patients in Jordan diagnosed in 2009 and 2010, assessment was performed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), the Breast Module (QLQ-BR23) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Clinical, demographic and psychosocial indicators that could predict patient quality of life scores were collected. Results: The number of patients interviewed was 236 (mean age=$50.7{\pm}10.7$ years). The mean Global Health score for the QLQ-C30 was $63.7{\pm}20.2$ SD. Among functional scales, "social functioning" scored the highest ($mean=78.1{\pm}28.6$ SD), whereas "emotional functioning" scored the lowest ($mean=59.0{\pm}SD\;33.5$). For the QLQ-BR23, the worst scores within the functional scales were for "body image" ($mean=52.1{\pm}36.8$ SD) and "future perspective" ($mean=52.9{\pm}38.5$ SD). The worst symptom was "upset by hair loss" ($mean=69.8{\pm}43.0$). The mean HADS scores was $18.{\pm}9.0$ SD. Out of study participants, 53% scored abnormal on the anxiety scale and 45% on the depression scale. Severe depression and severe anxiety were detected among 8% and 14% of study participants, respectively. Statistically significant predictors for individual scores were similar to those reported in published studies, such as the presence of recurrence since baseline, family history of cancer, low educational status, current social problems, extent of the disease, presence of financial difficulties, and employment status. Conclusions and Recommendations: Breast cancer survivors in Jordan have overall good quality of life scores when compared with patients from Western countries. However, their psychological wellbeing is more impaired. There is an urgent need for psychosocial support programs and psychological screening and consultation for breast cancer patients at hospitals of the Ministry of Health in Jordan.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.868-874
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• 2016

수용체 상호작용 단백질 인산화 효소 RIPK1 (Receptor-interacting protein kinases 1)과 RIPK3은 고도로 보존된 인산화 효소 부위를 통하여 세린이나 트레오닌의 하이드록실기를 인산화하는 세린 또는 트레오닌-단백질 인산화 효소 군에 속한다. RIPK군은 염증이나 선천성 면역뿐 만 아니라 세포사멸이나 괴사와 같은 프로그램화된 세포사 멸을 중재하는데 중요한 역할을 담당한다. RIPK1과 다른 TNFR1 관련 단백질들의 상호작용은 TNF 수용체 1(TNFR1)에 사이토카인이 결합할 때 생존 촉진 전사인자 NF-κB의 활성을 조절하는 신호전달복합체 I을 조립하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 뿐만 아니라, RIPK1과 RIPK3은 프로그램화된 세포괴사를 중재하는 RIP 동형 상호작용 모티브(RHIM)를 통하여 상호작용하고, 이러한 괴사는 세포사멸의 유형과는 다른 형태학적 특징을 가진 돌발적이고 제어되지 않는 세포사멸 유형으로 오랫동안 알려져 왔다. RIPK1과 RIPK3에 존재하는 RHIM의 고도로 보존된 서열들이 이들의 상호작용을 조절하며 이들은 necrosome이라 불리는 세포질 내 아밀로이드 복합체의 조립을 유도 한다. 또한 necrosome은 최근에 하위 신호전달을 조절하는 RIPK3의 기질로 확인된 혼합형 인산화 효소 도메인-유사 단백질(MLKL)을 포함한다. 본 리뷰는 TNF 신호전달에서 RIPK와 MLKL의 기능적, 생리적 특징들에 관한 개요를 제공한다.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.603-613
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• 2018

Background/Aims Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, and FD imposes social and economic burden worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and risk factors of FD in health check-up population in tertiary centers in Korea. Methods A nationwide multicenter prospective study was performed at 9 tertiary healthcare centers in Korea between September 2016 and June 2017. A total of 2525 subjects were investigated based on endoscopic findings and questionnaires with the Rome III criteria, and Helicobacter pylori serology (IgG). Results A total of 1714 subjects without organic disease were enrolled. The mean (${\pm}SD$) age was 51.5 (${\pm}12.7$) years, and 917 patients (53.5%) were female. The proportion of H. pylori seropositivity was 51.0% (874/1714). The prevalence of FD was 10.3% (176/1714), and the subtypes of postprandial distress syndrome alone, epigastric pain syndrome alone, and postprandial distress syndromeepigastric pain syndrome overlap were 4.8%, 3.0%, and 2.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14-2.21) and education below college level (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01-2.07) were related to FD. Multivariate analysis based on age 60 showed female gender as a significant (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.06-7.94) factor in the group ${\geq}60$ years. Conclusions The prevalence of FD was 10.3% in the health check-up population in Korea. Female sex and education below college level were risk factors for FD. Female sex is a risk factor for FD in old age, underscoring the need for close attention in this age group.

• 미래기술융합논문지
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• 1권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

본 논문은 자기제시와 브랜드 선호도의 관계에서 체면민감성과 사용상황의 조절효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 충남지역에 소재한 대학교의 학생들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 우선 공적 사용 상황에서든 사적 사용상황에서든 상징적 브랜드 선호도에 대한 자기제시의 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 반면, 두 가지 상황 모두에서 기능적 브랜드 선호도에 대한 자기제시의 영향은 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 체면민감성의 주효과는 공적 상황에서 기능적 브랜드 선호도에 부적인 영향을 미칠 때만 유의할 뿐 다른 경우에는 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 자기제시와 체면민감성의 상호작용효과를 보면, 공적 상황에서든 사적 상황에서든 체면에 대한 민감성이 상대적으로 낮은 사람들은 자기제시 수준과 무관하게 브랜드 선호도의 변화가 크게 나타나고 있지 않았다. 본 연구는 사용 상황이 공적이든 사적이든 체면민감성은 자기제시와 상호작용을 통하여 브랜드 선호도에 영향을 미침을 밝히고 있다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다.