• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the sequential mediating effects of grit and depression on the relationship between negative parenting style and functional somatic symptoms. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro model 6. Results: The mediating effects of grit and depression between negative parenting style and functional somatic symptoms were significant. A negative parenting style was found to significantly affect functional somatic symptoms going through sequential mediating effects of grit and depression. Conclusion: To alleviate functional somatic symptoms in adolescents, it is necessary to provide interventions for developing grit that could reduce depression.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.728-730
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• 2003

Bond lengths, harmonic vibrational frequencies and dissociation energies of TlAt are calculated at ab initio molecular orbital and density functional theory using effective spin-orbit operator and relativistic effective core potentials. Spin-orbit effects estimated from density functional theory are in good agreement with those from ab initio calculations, implying that density functional theory with effective core potentials can be an efficient and reliable methods for spin-orbit interactions. The estimated $R_e$, $ω_e$ and $D_e$ values are 2.937 ${\AA}$, 120 $cm^{-1}$, 1.96 eV for TlAt. Spin-orbit effects generally cause the bond contraction in Group 13 elements and the bond elongation in the Group 17 elements, and spin-orbit effects on Re of TlAt are almost cancelled out. The spinorbit effects on $D_e$ of TlAt are roughly the sum of spin-orbit effects on $D_e$ of the corresponding element hydrides. Electron correlations and spin-orbit effects are almost additive in the TlAt molecule.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.190-205
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption of health functional foods according to age group. We surveyed 300 subjects with quota sampling aged 10 to 50 and over. The rate of consumption of health functional foods by users was substantial (52.7%). Consumers of health functional foods showed higher scores for interest in health (3.97 vs 3.49, P<0.001) and knowledge of health functional foods (3.79 vs 3.30, P<0.001) than non-consumers of health functional foods. Regarding consumers of health functional foods, the number (P<0.01) and types (P<0.05) of health functional foods, reasons for taking (P<0.05), motivations for buying (P<0.05), periods of taking (P<0.001), cost per month (P<0.01), observance of instruction (P<0.01), and effectiveness (P<0.01) were significantly different according to age group. For non-consumers of health functional foods, reasons for not-taking (P<0.01) and types of health functional foods to be planned (P<0.001) were different according to age group. For consumers and non-consumers, problems (P<0.01) andimprovements (P<0.001) for health functional foods showed significant differences according to age group. The majority of subjects (85.4%) answered that heath functional foods had no side-effects. Reported side effects were inappetence (6.6%), constipation (2.6%), and headache (2.0%). In conclusion, differentiated strategies and specialized education programs according to age group might be needed for promoting adequate consumption and preventing side-effects of health functional foods.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.66-78
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• 2010

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly-encountered clinical problem and often result in a chronic pain and severe functional deficits. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on the descending pain and the recovery of the locomotor function that follows sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Method: In order to assess the effects of acupuncture on the descending pain and functional recovery, we investigated the walking track analysis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression in the sciatic nerve, and on the expressions of c-Fos and nitric oxide synthase in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region resulting from sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Results: Acupuncture treatment at Huantiao (GB30), Yanglingquan (GB34), and Weizhong (BL40) facilitated functional recovery. C-Fos and nitric oxide synthase expressions in the brain and BDNF and TrkB expressions in the sciatic nerve were decreased by acupuncture treatment. The most potent effects of acupuncture were observed at the GB30 acupoint. Conclusion: It is possible that acupuncture can be used for pain control and functional recovery from sciatic nerve injury.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2013

Motilitone$^{(R)}$ (DA-9701) is a new herbal drug that was launched for the treatment of functional dyspepsia in December 2011 in Korea. The heterogeneous symptom pattern and multiple causes of functional dyspepsia have resulted in multiple drug target strategies for its treatment. DA-9701, a compound consisting of a combination of Corydalis Tuber and Pharbitidis Semen, has being developed for treatment of functional dyspepsia. It has multiple mechanisms of action such as fundus relaxation, visceral analgesia, and prokinetic effects. Furthermore, it was found to significantly enhance meal-induced gastric accommodation and increase gastric compliance in dogs. DA-9701 also showed an analgesic effect in rats with colorectal distension induced visceral hypersensitivity and an antinociceptive effect in beagle dogs with gastric distension-induced nociception. The pharmacological effects of DA-9701 also include conventional effects, such as enhanced gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit. The safety profile of DA-9701 is also preferable to that of other treatments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2795-2798
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• 2011

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 1993

The present study was carried out to determine the effects of cocaine (0.25, 1.0, 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) on the interactions between spontaneously active neurons within ensembles of simultaneously recorded neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (Sl, n= 20) and the ventroposterolateral (VPL, n= 16) thalamic nucleus of awake rats. Spike triggered cross correlation histograms were constructed between pairs of simultaneously recorded neurons. Among 101 neuronal pairs analyzed, 22.7% showed correlations indicative of various functional connections among the cortical cells, two corticothalamic interactions and one thalamocortical excitatory interaction. There were also 15 cofiring activities among SI cortical cells. These functional connectivities appeared to be modulated (weakened, abolished, or strengthened) during the 5 to 30 min following cocaine injection. The effects of saline were tested as a control, but it did not appear to alter the functional connectivities. In general, cocaine-induced changes of the functional interactions were mainly due to the concomitant alterations of the uncorrelated background discharges. These results suggest that the biphasic effects of cocaine on the spontaneously established neural networks among the SI cortical and the VPL thalamic cells of conscious rat were mainly indirect. However, various changes of the functional interactions by different doses of cocaine appeared to be a possible neural network mechanism for the cocaine induced modulation of afferent somatosensory transmission.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of functional ingredients with supplementation as a bulking agent in composting of swine manure. Treatments were T1 & T5 ; Swine mature+Vermiculite, T2 & T6 ; Swine manure+Perlite, T3 & T7 ; Swine manure+Vermiculite+Perlite, T4 & T8 ; Swine manure+Bark. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 0 of composting, T5, T6, T7 and T8 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 3 of composting. Functional ingredients were Fermkito and Yucca. During the composting period, changes of temperature were showed traditionally composting trend. Volatile fatty acids were decreased regardless of treatments in functional ingredients supplementation. Organic matter, T-N and C/N ratio were showed higher bark treatments than other treatments. pH and EC were net differences among the treatments. P$_2$O$_{5}$ and $K_2$O were showed level of 1-3%. In heavy metal, Cr were showed higher in vermiculite treatment than other treatments. In conclusion, vermiculite and perlite treatments were greater composting effects than bark.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scrambler and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The experimental group performed scrambler therapy. The control group performed electrical nerve stimulation therapy. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week, for three weeks. The pain was measured using the numeric rating scale. Functional disability was measured using the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of comparison between the groups, the experimental and control groups showed significant difference for pain, functional disability and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which scrambler therapy was applied, showed a more significant reduction in pain, functional disability and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, scrambler therapy shows positive effects on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.5-23
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• 2014

In order to examine the effects of self-congruity on functional congruity, brand attitude and behavioral intention in name-brand coffee shops, this study attempted to examine the self-congruity in two types which are nonsocial-type SC and social-type SC. The results showed that self-congruity had positive significant effects on functional congruity and nonsocial-type SC influenced to functional congruity more than social-type SC. Also, these two types of self-congruity didn't have direct significant effects on brand attitude. But it had significant effects on brand attitude through the functional congruity. Finally, brand attitude positively impacted on behavioral intention. These findings provide managers in name-brand coffee shops with strategies for implementing more effective brand image building as well as focusing on satisfying customer's functional congruity.