Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.21598/JKPNFA.2021.19.3.383

Comparison of the Effects of Scrambler and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability, and Depression in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain  

Park, Jae-Cheol (Department of Physical Therapy, Chunnam Techno University)
Lee, Dong-Kyu (Department of Physical Therapy, Chunnam Techno University)
Publication Information
PNF and Movement / v.19, no.3, 2021 , pp. 383-390 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scrambler and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The experimental group performed scrambler therapy. The control group performed electrical nerve stimulation therapy. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week, for three weeks. The pain was measured using the numeric rating scale. Functional disability was measured using the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of comparison between the groups, the experimental and control groups showed significant difference for pain, functional disability and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which scrambler therapy was applied, showed a more significant reduction in pain, functional disability and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, scrambler therapy shows positive effects on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain.
Keywords
Chronic low back pain; Depression; Functional disability; Pain; Scrambler therapy;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Marineo G. Inside the scrambler therapy, a noninvasive treatment of chronic neuropathic and cancer pain: from the gate control theory to the active principle of information. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2019; 18:1-17.   DOI
2 Marineo G, Iorno V, Gandini C, et al. Scrambler therapy may relieve chronic neuropathic pain more effectively than guideline-based drug management: results of a pilot, randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2012;43(1):87-95.   DOI
3 Raucci U, Tomasello C, Marri M, et al. Scrambler therapy® MC-5A for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Practice. 2016;16(7):E103-E109.   DOI
4 Roland M, Fairbank J. The roland-morris disability questionnaire and the oswestry disability questionnaire. Spine. 2000;25(24):3115-3124.   DOI
5 Will JS, Bury DC, Miller JA. Mechanical low back pain: prevention. American Family Physician. 2018;98(7): 421-418.
6 Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: A review of three commonly used pain rating scales. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2005;14(7):798-804.   DOI
7 Worldwide M. Evaluating the patient with low back pain. Practitioner. 2015;259(1788):21-24.
8 Park SJ, Lee JH, Lee DJ. The effects of electrical stimulation method on muscle strength, pain, range of motion, fear avoidance-belief in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2017;18(6): 538-546.   DOI
9 Byun HS, Kim GD. Impacts of fatigue, pain, anxiety, and depression on the quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Asian Oncology Nursing. 2012;12(1): 27-34.   DOI
10 Cho SG, Auh Q, Chun YH, et al. Blood flow changes in the masseter muscle and overlying skin following various functional waves of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain. 2009;34(1):115-122.
11 Songjaroen S, Sungnak P, Piriyaprasarth P, et al. Combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation with motor control exercise can improve lumbar multifidus activation in individuals with recurrent low back pain. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):1-9.   DOI
12 Mealy MA, Kozachik SL, Cook LJ, et al. Scrambler therapy improves pain in neuromyelitis optica: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(18):e1900-e1907.   DOI
13 Nguyen C, Boutron I, Zegarra-Parodi R, et al. Effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment vs sham treatment on activity limitations in patients with nonspecific subacute and chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2021;181(5): 620-630.   DOI
14 Sabato AF, Marineo G, Gatti A. Scrambler therapy. Minerva Anestesiologica. 2005;71(7-8):479-482.
15 Tack C. Virtual reality and chronic low back pain. Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology. 2021;16(6): 637-645.   DOI
16 Pachman DR, Weisbrod BL, Seisler DK, et al. Pilot evaluation of Scrambler therapy for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2015;23(4):943-951.   DOI
17 Min YG, Baek HS, Lee KM, et al. Differential response to scrambler therapy by neuropathic pain phenotypes. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):1-9.   DOI
18 Nayback-Beebe A, Panula T, Arzola S, et al. Scrambler therapy treatment: the importance of examining clinically meaningful improvements in chronic pain and quality of life. Military Medicine. 2020;185(Supplement_1): 143-7.   DOI
19 Niv D, Maltsman-Tseikhin A, Lang E. Postherpetic neuralgia: what do we know and where are we heading? Pain Physician. 2004;7(2):239-248.
20 Truini A, Garcia-Larrea L, Cruccu G. Reappraising neuropathic pain in humans-how symptoms help disclose mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2013;9(10): 572-582.   DOI
21 Ricci M, Fabbri L, Pirotti S, et al. Scrambler therapy: what's new after 15 years? The results from 219 patients treated for chronic pain. Medicine. 2019;98(2):e13895.   DOI
22 Galosi E, La Cesa S, Di Stefano G, et al. A pain in the skin. Regenerating nerve sprouts are distinctly associated with ongoing burning pain in patients with diabetes. European Journal of Pain. 2018;22(10):1727-1734.   DOI
23 Baliki MN, Apkarian AV. Nociception, pain, negative moods, and behavior selection. Neuron. 2015;87(3):474-491.   DOI
24 Berninger LE, Smith TJ. Scrambler therapy for incident pain in bone metastases. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2021;121(6):539-542.   DOI
25 Hahn HM, Yum TH, Shin YW, et al. A standardization study of beck depression inventory in korea. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 1986;25(3): 487-502.
26 Lee DK, Kim EK. Effect of pain scrambler therapy on shoulder joint pain and range of motion in patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for the first time. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2016;28(7):2175-2177.   DOI
27 Deyo RA, Dworkin SF, Amtmann D, et al. Report of the NIH Task Force on research standards for chronic low back pain. Physical Therapy. 2015;95(2):e1-e18.
28 Compagnone C, Tagliaferri F. Chronic pain treatment and scrambler therapy: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Acta Biomedica. 2015;86(2):149-56.
29 Joo SY, Cho YS, Cho SR, et al. Effects of pain Scrambler therapy for management of burn scar pruritus: a pilot study. Burns. 2017;43(3):514-519.   DOI
30 Chung SH, Her JG, Ko T, et al. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Korean physical therapists. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013;25(1):55-59.   DOI
31 Leemans L, Elma O, Nijs J, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and heat to reduce pain in a chronic low back pain population: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2021;25(1):86-96.   DOI
32 Kim TH, Cho KH, Park SJ. The effect of joint mobilization with electrotherapy interventions on external rotation and pain in mastectomy patients. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology. 2020;10(5): 188-197.   DOI
33 Ko YK, Lee HY, Lee WY. Clinical experiences on the effect of scrambler therapy for patients with postherpetic neuralgia. The Korean Journal of Pain. 2013;26(1): 98-101.   DOI
34 Lawrence JP, Greene HS, Grauer JN. Back pain in athletes. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2006;14(13):726-735.   DOI
35 Loprinzi C, Le-Rademacher JG, Majithia N, et al. Scrambler therapy for chemotherapy neuropathy: a randomized phase II pilot trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2020;28(3):1183-1197.   DOI
36 Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Non-specific low back pain. The Lancet. 2017;389(10070):736-747.   DOI
37 Marineo G. Untreatable pain resulting from abdominal cancer: new hope from biophysics. Journal of the Pancreas. 2003;4(1):1-10.
38 Van Dillen LR, Lanier VM, Steger-May K, et al. Effect of motor skill training in functional activities vs strength and flexibility exercise on function in people with chronic low Back pain: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurology. 2021;78(4):385-395.   DOI