• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 2023

Yogurt fermentation is known to be beneficial because it provides a low pH and harsh environment for foodborne pathogens and improves organoleptic properties. Additionally, organic acids produced through fermentation have a good effect on the viscosity and gelling properties of yogurt. Several potential health benefits of probiotic and generally recognized as safe strains have been suggested. Yogurt is the preferred vehicle for delivering probiotics to health-conscious consumers. Therefore, manufacturers of probiotic beverages must comply with the relevant regulations. The development of probiotic yogurt begins with the selection of strains with safety and functional properties of probiotics. The selected probiotic strain should be technically suitable for viability and improve organoleptic quality while maintaining the number of bacteria above the standard value during processing and storage conditions. In addition, the efficacy of probiotic strains contained in yogurt should be investigated, confirmed, and approved according to well-designed clinical trials. Although various methods are used to detect probiotic strains, the recently widely used next generation sequencing method can be actively utilized. In the future, more research should be conducted with the latest methods to identify probiotic functions and accurately detect probiotic strains.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2008

BCL-2 family members are essential protein for the regulation of cell death and survival consisting both antiapoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins. In the present study, we designed and cloned a new apoptotic molecule MCL-1ES BH3M coding a modified protein of MCL-1L. Compared to MCL-1L protein, MCL-1ES BH3M lacks the PEST motifs known to be involved in MCL-1L protein degradation and has seven mutated residues in BH3 domain critical for dimerization with BCL-2 family members. Overexpression of MCL-1ES BH3M induced death of different cells, and its cell killing effect was not blocked by forced expression of the pro-survival protein MCL-1L. Expression of MCL-1ES BH3M protein led to the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, suggesting apoptotic cell death, and confocal fluorescent microscopic analyses showed that MCL-1ES BH3M was partially localized in mitochondria. In conclusion, we reported a new apoptotic molecule and determined its cell death activity in cells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2022

The arial parts of Artemisia argyi were extracted with methanol : water (70:30), and the concentrates was partitioned into EtOAc (ethyl acetate), n-BuOH (normal butanol), and H₂O (water) fractions. The repeated silica gel and ODS (octadecyl silica gel) column chromatographies for EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions led to isolation of four flavonoids without any ambiguity based on intensive interpretation of several spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds revealed to (2S)-naringenin (1), 3-methylkaempferol (2), 3,3'-dimethylquercetin (3), and 3,3',4'-trimethylquercetin (4). These four compounds were first isolated from A. argyi through this study. In this study, four compounds isolated from A. argyi showed an increase in glutathione mean and a decrease in glutathione heterogeneity so that the compounds uniformly raised the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Based on these results, it is considered that it can be used as a functional pharmacological material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.107-107
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• 1997

Cytochrome P450 enzymes have been intensively investigated in hepatic tissues and several mammalian cell lines. Compared to most studies about cytochrome P450 isozymes in liver in vivo and hepatic, cell lines in vitro, the study of cytochrome P450IA1 in human breast cancer cells could be very important to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIA1 gene expression and cell growth. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are well characterized to study estrogen and antiestrogen action due to the fact that they contain high level of estrogen receptor and have biological markers characterized. And also MCF-7 cells express high level of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and human cytochrome P450IA1 cDNA was cloned from MCF-7 cells. Ah receptor was characterized in many breast cancer cell lines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as 3-MC induced the expression of CYPIA1 gene and cytochrome P450- dependent monooxygenase activity. We undertook a study to examine the effect of estrogens and other chemicals on the regulation of human CYPIA1 gene expression in MCF-7 cells via RTPCR analysis, that might help us to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIA1 gene expression and MCF-7 cell growth. Expression vector containing the functional 5'-regulatory region of human CYPIA1 fused to the CAT reporter gene was transfected into estrogen receptor positive MCF-T cells or estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 cells. After these cells were treated with various chemicals, RTPCR was carried out to measure both CYPIA1 mRNA and CAT mRNA levels. 1nM 3-MC increased in both P450 and CAT mRNA levels over those of control by two folds in MCF-7 cells but does not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Estrogen or tamoxifen or retinoic acid or chrysin decreased in both P450 and CAT mRNA levels that were induced by 3-MC in MCF-7 when each chemical was administered with 3-MC concomitantly. These results suggested that the level of CYPIA1 gene expression is modulated with estrogen-related molecules and make it possible to speculate that ER is related to CYPIA1 gene expression and cell growth in breast cancer cells. [Supported by grants from the Korean Ministry of Education ]

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to confirm the research characteristics and quality of single-subject literature among domestic studies that applied interactive metronome (IM) intervention. Methods : Regarding literature search, 11 single-subject studies using IM were selected from an online database from January 2011 to June 2022. Moreover, the general characteristics and quality of the research method were analyzed. Results : The qualitative level of the analyzed literature was above the moderate level. However, intervention blindness and reliability showed low compliance. The ABA design accounted for the largest proportion of methods. Most of the study participants had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention, balance, bilateral coordination, and timing were checked as dependent variables. The IM-SFT was used most frequently as an evaluation method. The mediation session applied more than 8-10 interventions for 3-11 weeks. The intervention results in all studies indicated functional improvement after intervention. Conclusion : It might be necessary to expand the application of IM interventions to diverse diseases. In addition, there is a need to study the effect on the participants' quality of life and changes in daily life along with dependent variables such as attention and balance

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cocoa consumption is associated with health benefits due to its high content of polyphenols. However, the effects of short-term cocoa consumption remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effects generated by cocoa consumption (for 7 days) in young adults in normoweight and class II obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Before-and-after study was carried out in normoweight (NW) (n = 15) and class II obesity (CIIO) (n = 15) young adults. The NW and CIIO participants consumed 25 and 39 g of cocoa, respectively, per day for 7 days. The effect of cocoa consumption was evaluated on the lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. Oxidative damage was also examined by assessing the biomarkers of oxidative damage in plasma. In addition, recombinant human insulin was incubated with blood obtained from the participants, and the molecular damage to the hormone was analyzed. RESULTS: Cocoa consumption resulted in decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both groups (P = 0.04), while the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were maintained at the recommended levels. Initially, IR was detected in the CIIO group (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] = 4.78 ± 0.4), which is associated with molecular damage to insulin. Interestingly, intervention with cocoa resulted in improved IR (HOMA = 3.14 ± 0.31) (P = 0.0018) as well as molecular damage to insulin. Finally, cocoa consumption significant decreased the arginase activity (P = 0.0249) in the CIIO group; this is a critical enzymatic activity in the inflammatory process associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term consumption of cocoa improves the lipid profile, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and protects against oxidative damage. Results of this study indicate that cocoa consumption can potentially improve IR and restore a healthy redox status.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2023

To restore the ecological function of contaminated soil and maximize the ecological services provided by the soil, besides the toxicity orrisk caused by pollutants, the functional aspects of the soil ecosystem should be considered. In this study, a method for evaluating the health of cleaned soil was presented, and the applicability of the proposed evaluation method was examined by applying it to soil treated with washing and landfarming. Productivity, habitat, water retention capacity, nutrient cycling, carbon retention capacity, and buffering capacity were used as soil health evaluation indicators. The results showed that the soil health was not completely recovered after remediation, and even in the case of the washed soil, the health was lower than before remediation. On the other hand, there was no significant change in soil quality due to oil pollution, but soil health deteriorated. Unlike the slightly improved soil quality after landfarming treatment, soil health was not completely restored. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that it is desirable to consider both soil quality and health when evaluating the remediation effect. The soil health evaluation method proposed in this study can be usefully utilized for the sustainable use of cleaned soil and to promote ecosystem services.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2023

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) directly affects the survival of patients and can cause long-term sequelae. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the operation of a trauma center in a single tertiary general hospital has improved emergency care and clinical outcomes for patients with TBI. Methods: The participants of this study were all TBI patients, patients with isolated TBI, and patients with TBI who underwent surgery within 24 hours, who visited our level 1 trauma center from March 1, 2012 to February 28, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who visited before and after the operation of the trauma center. A comparative analysis was conducted. Differences in detailed emergency care time, hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were investigated in this study. Results: On comparing the entire TBI patient population via dividing them into the aforementioned two groups, the following results were found in the group of patients who visited the hospital after the operation of the trauma center: an increased number of patients with a good functional prognosis (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively), an increased number of surviving discharges (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively), and a reduction in overall emergency care time (P<0.05, for all item values). However, no significant differences existed in the length of intensive care unit stay, ventilator days, and total length of stay for TBI patients who visited the hospital before and after the operation of the trauma center. Conclusions: The findings confirmed that overall TBI patients and patients with isolated brain injury had improved treatment results and emergency care through the operation of a trauma center in a tertiary general hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2022

The existing method of deriving the fail-safe design requirements for the domestic developed rotary-wing aircraft system may miss the factors that cause critical system function failures, when being applied to the latest integrated avionics system. It is because the existing method analyzes the severity effect of the failures caused by a single item. To solve the issue, we present a systematic analysis procedure for deriving fail-safe design requirements of system architecture by utilizing functional hazard assessment and development assurance level analysis of SAE ARP4754A, international standard for complex system development. To demonstrate that our proposed procedure can be a solution for the aforementioned issue, we set up experimental environments that include common factors that can cause critical function failures of a system, and we conducted a cross-validation with the existing method. As a result, we showed that the proposed procedure can identify the potential critical common factors that the existing method have missed, and that the proposed procedure can derive fail-safe design requirements to control the common factors.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Object : This is a study of ischemic stroke patients designed for comparison Combination therapy of western medical treatment and oriental medical treatment. and western medical treatments alone. Methods : 45 patients were diagnosed by Br-MRI scan as having suffered ischemic stroke. They had entered Kyung-Hee Medical hospital within ten days of attack, between March 2011 and October 2012. Patients were divided into two groups; a group treated with Combination therapy of western medical treatment and oriental medical treatment and other group treated with Western medical treatments. Scandinavian stroke scale and Motricity Index score was checked at admission, 2 weeks or 3 weeks later to assess neurologic improvement and motor function recovery. Results : Comparing the Scandinavian stroke scale and Motricity Index score between baseline and 2 or 3 weeks later, the combination therapy group and western medical treatment group had improved but there was no significance. Conclusions : Combination therapy have more beneficial effect on acute stage of stroke.