• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2024

This research presents dynamical reaction investigation of pore-dependent and nano-thickness beams having functional gradation (FG) constituents exposed to a movable particle. The nano-thickness beam formulation has been appointed with the benefits of refined high orders beam paradigm and nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) comprising two scale moduli entitled nonlocality and strains gradient modulus. The graded pore-dependent constituents have been designed through pore factor based power-law relations comprising pore volumes pursuant to even or uneven pore scattering. Therewith, variable scale modulus has been thought-out until process a more accurate designing of scale effects on graded nano-thickness beams. The motion equations have been appointed to be solved via Ritz method with the benefits of Chebyshev polynomials in cosine form. Also, Laplace transform techniques help Ritz-Chebyshev method to obtain the dynamical response in time domain. All factors such as particle speed, pores and variable scale modulus affect the dynamical response.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2010

As the completion of genome sequencing, large collection of expression data and the great efforts in annotating plant genomes, the next challenge is to systematically assign functions to all predicted genes in the genome. Functional genome analysis of plants has entered the high-throughput stage. The generations and collections of mutants at the genome-wide level form technological platform of functional genomics. However, to identify the exact function of unknown genes it is necessary to understand each gene's role in the complex orchestration of all gene activities in the plant cell. Gene function analysis therefore necessitates the analysis of temporal and spatial gene expression patterns. The most conclusive information about changes in gene expression levels can be gained from analysis of the varying qualitative and quantitative changes of messenger RNAs, proteins and metabolites. New technologies have been developed to allow fast and highly parallel measurements of these constituents of the cell that make up gene activity. We have reviewed currently employed technologies to identify unknown functions of predicted genes including map-based cloning, insertional mutagenesis, reverse genetics, chemical mutagenesis, microarray analysis, FOX-hunting system, gene silencing mutagenesis, proteomics and chemical genomics. Recent improvements in technologies for functional genomics enable whole-genome functional analysis, and thus open new avenues for studies of the regulations and functions of unknown genes in plants.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.173-188
• /
• 2015

We have conducted a comprehensive literature review regarding the chemical constituents and biological activities of Korean black ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), three to nine times-steamed and dried ginseng, which shows strong black color through Maillared browning reaction. It has been reported that some chemically deglycosylated and transformed saponins are obtained from black ginseng as artifacts produced during intensive steaming. They have been known to be ginsenosides Rg3, Rg4, Rg5, Rg6, Rh1, Rh2, Rh4, Rk1 and Rk3, quite different from those of red ginseng, among which ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5 and Rk1 are considered to be major components. And also, black ginseng has been recently found to demonstrate anticancer, recovery from learning and memory damages, hypontensive, antidiabetic, antiobesitic, tonic and antiatopic activities, together with antioxidative and exercise performance improving activities, exhibiting their effects to be a little bit stronger than those of red ginseng. These findings suggest that black ginsng might play an important role in the development of promising functional foods and drugs from the viewpoint of the chemical composition and biological activities of black ginseng with a distinction from those of white and red ginsengs. In this review, the authors will survey and evaluate further functions of black ginseng with a focus on its physicochemical properties and biological activities.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권8호
• /
• pp.1122-1129
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 아로니아, 블랙커런트, 마키베리의 생리활성을 비교하기 위하여 총폴리페놀, 총플라보노이드, 총안토시아닌 함량, DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, FRAP 활성, 환원력, tyrosinase 저해 효과, 아질산염 소거능 등을 측정하였다. 총폴리페놀 함량은 마키베리가 73.66 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높게 나타났고 그다음으로 아로니아 59.26 mg GAE/g, 블랙커런트 43.70 mg GAE/g 순이었다. 총플라보노이드 함량도 같은 경향을 나타내어 마키베리 28.08 mg/g, 아로니아 24.26 mg/g, 블랙커런트 16.82 mg/g 순으로 나타났으며, 총안토시아닌 함량은 마키베리가 12.82 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 아로니아와 블랙커런트가 각각 9.52 mg/g과 8.95 mg/g으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 마키베리는 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능, FRAP, 환원력에서 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었고, 시료 농도 5 mg/mL에서는 양성대조군으로 사용한 ascorbic acid보다 우수한 효과를 보여주었다. 그다음으로는 아로니아가 우수한 활성을 보였으며 블랙커런트는 대부분의 기능성 실험 결과 가장 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 마키베리는 천연 항산화제 및 건강 기능성 식품재료로서의 활용 가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.600-607
• /
• 2005

포도씨을 이용한 고부가가치의 포도씨유 제조기술 개발 및 시제품을 생산하기위해 먼저 일반 재배 및 유기농 재배 포도로부터 각각 수거된 포도씨의 수율, 및 기능성성분(지방산, 피토스테롤, 토코페롤, 총카테킨 및 4가지 카테킨 조성)의 차이를 측정하여 비교하였다. 다음, 용매추출법과 화학적 정제방법에의한 포도씨로부터 고품질의 포도씨유의 제조기술을 개발하고 시제품을 생산하한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반 재배 및 유기농 재배 포도로부터 얻어진 포도씨유 및 추출물의 수율 그리고 기능성성분(지방산, 피토스테롤, 토코페롤, 총카테킨 및 4가지 카테킨류)의 함량을 측정한 후 비교한 결과 대체적으로 일반 재배 및 유기농 재배 포도씨의 기능성성분의 함량에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 건조포도씨(1.0톤)를 볶음처리 후 분쇄하여 노르말-헥산으로 탈지하고 얻은 포도씨 원유를 탈검($0.15\%$ 인산) 및 탈산($20\%$ NaOH 용액) 처리 후 수증기증류 장치($240^{\circ}C$, 2시간, 5 mmHg)를 이용하여 탈색, 탈향 및 탈취공정을 차례로 거치면서 고품질의 포도씨유의 제조기술을 확립하였으며, 아울러 그로부터 최종 포도씨유 제품(50kg, 수율: $5.0\%$/건조 포도씨)을 생산하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.5.1-5.1
• /
• 2010

One of the most important environmental problems is global warming. Global warming is caused by increase in the amounts of water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide and other gases being released into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. It has thus become important to reduce fossil fuel use. Environmentally friendly preparation of functional materials has, therefore, attracted much interest for environmental problems. Furthermore, nature mimetic processes are recently been of great interest as environmentally friendly one. There have been many studies on fabrication of various functional nanocrystals. Among various nanocrystal fabrication techniques, flux growth is an environmentally friendly, very convenient process and can produce functional nanocrystals at temperatures below the melting points of the solutes. Furthermore, this technique is suitable for the synthesis of crystals having an enhedral habit. In flux growth, the constituents of the materials to be crystallized are dissolved in a suitable flux (solvent) and crystal growth occurs as the solution becomes critically supersaturated. The supersaturation is attained by cooling the solution, by evaporation of the solvent or by a transport process in which the solute is made to flow from a hotter to a cooler region. Many kinds of oxide nanocrystals have been grown in our laboratory. For example, zero- (e.g., particle), one- (e.g., whisker and tube) and two-dimensional (e.g., sheet) nanocrystals were successfully grown by flux method. Our flux-growth technique has some industrial and ecological merits because the nanocrystal fabrication temperatures are far below their melting points and because the used reagents are less harmless to human being and the environment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.256-267
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional ingredients of Perilla Frutescens L. Britt extracts and to confirm the possibility of producing PVA nanofibers using extracts. Distilled water, 3% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and ethanol were used as extraction solvents. The electrospinning was carried out at a PVA concentration of 12%, an applied voltage of 10 kV and a tip to collector distance of 15cm. The contents of volatile substances, essential oils, total polyphenols and flavonoids of the extracts were measured to examine the constituents of functional materials. Flavor components and esters were identified in 3% sodium hydroxide and ethanol extracts. The content of polyphenols and flavonoids in ethanol extracts was higher than that of medicinal plants. 1wt.% of Tween 20 was added to disperse the essential oil components of the ethanol extract. Addition of a dispersant made it possible to produce a homogeneous mixture by having some compatibility with the ethanol extracts and the PVA molecule. When the concentration of the ethanol extract was 0.25 and 0.5wt%, relatively uniform PVA nanofiber having an average diameter of 350 to 365nm could be produced. The results of FT-IR, XRD and DSC analysis confirmed that Perilla Frutescens L. Britt ethanol extract was well mixed with PVA molecules and was electrospun.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1109-1114
• /
• 2008

To understand the role of intestinal microflora in the biological effect of functional herbs, which have been used in Korea, Japan, and China as traditional medicines, and suggest new bioactive compounds transformed from herbal constituents, the metabolic activities of the functional herb components (ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, poncirin, hesperidin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin) toward their bioactive compounds (compound K, crocetin, benzaldehyde, genipin, daidzein, ginsenoside Rh1, ponciretin, hesperetin, 18b-glycyrrhetic acid, and baicalein) were measured in fecal specimens. The metabolic activities of these components were $882.7{\pm}814.5$, $3,938.1{\pm}2,700.8$, $2,375.5{\pm}913.7$, $1,179.4{\pm}795.7$, $24.6{\pm}10.5$, $11.4{\pm}10.8$, $578.8{\pm}206.1$, $1,150.0{\pm}266.1$, $47.3{\pm}58.6$, and $12,253.0{\pm}6,527.6\;{\mu}mol/h/g$, respectively. No differences were found in the metabolic activities of the tested components between males and females, although these metabolic activities between individuals are extensively different. The metabolites of functional herb components showed more potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells than nonmetabolites. These findings suggest that intestinal microflora may activate the pharmacological effect of herbal food and medicines and must be the biocatalytic converter for the transformation of herbal components to bioactive compounds.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.442-447
• /
• 2009

참외의 기능성을 규명하기 위해 참외의 부위별 추출물의 라디칼 소거활성 및 항산화 물질 함량을 측정하였다. 참외의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 2mg/mL 농도에서 껍질 부위가 74.7%로 가장 높게 나타났고, ABTS 라디칼 소거능에서도 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 마찬가지로 껍질 부위에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 껍질 부위에서 생체 중 100g 당 각각 134.5mg, 159.1mg으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈고, 다음은 태좌, 과육 순이었다. 비타민 C 함량의 경우 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량과는 다르게 태좌 부위에서 40.7mg으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 라디칼 소거활성과 항산화 물질 간의 상관관계를 조사해 본 결과 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량과 항산화 활성 간에 고도의 상관관계가 나타났고, 비타민 C의 함량과는 다소 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하면 참외껍질 부위에서 라디칼 소거활성과 항산화 성분함량이 가장 높게 나타났고, 참외의 항산화 활성을 나타내는 주요성분은 페놀성물질일 것으로 생각된다. 향후 라디칼 소거활성과 항산화 성분 함량에서 가장 높게 나타난 껍질 부위의 활성성분 규명 등에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제42권10호
• /
• pp.654-659
• /
• 2005

The ceramic paper, which could adsorb VOC's effectively, was made by paper-making method with zeolite and ceramic fiber as main constituents. By this experiment, the optimal composition of the slurry for the ceramic paper formation was established. SEM observation showed that zeolite powder was uniformly dispersed and adhered to the paper by applying inorganic binder. The two type zeolites content in the ceramic paper was 26 wt$\%$ and its BET surface area was 131 $m^{2}$/g. The thickness and the basis weight of the ceramic paper were 0.2 mm and 130 g/$m^{2}$ respectively, and it had sufficient tensile characteristics to withstand tensile stress without tearing during corrugation. The total inorganic content of the paper was 78 wt$ \% $ and organic content was 22 wt$\%$. The equilibrium loading amount of toluene at the toluene at the toluene partial pressure of 0.2 mmHg was 3.2 wt$\%$.