• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This study was conducted to examine the changes of photosynthesis, growth, chlorophyll contents and functional material contents in light intensity and EC concentration of wild baby leaf vegetable, Indian lettuce (Lactuca indica L. cv. 'Sunhyang') in DFT hydroponics. The cultivation environment was 25±1℃ of temperature and 60±5% of relative humidity in growth system. At 14 days after sowing, combination effect of light intensity (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD 100, 250, 500 µmol·m-2·s-1) and EC level (EC 0.8, 1.4, 2.0 dS·m-1) of nutrient solution was determined at the baby leaf stage. The photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of Indian lettuce increased as the light intensity increased. The photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency were highest in PPFD 500-EC 1.4 and PPFD 500-EC 2.0 treatment. The chlorophyll content decreased as the light intensity increased, but chlorophyll a/b ratio increased. Leaf water content and specific leaf area decreased as light intensity increased and a negative correlation (p < 0.001) was recognized. Plant height was the longest in PPFD 100-EC 0.8 and leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight were the highest in PPFD 500-EC 2.0. Anthocyanin and total phenolic compounds were the highest in PPFD 500-EC 1.4 and 2.0 treatment, and antioxidant scavenging ability (DPPH) was high in PPFD 250 and 500 treatments. Considering the growth and functional material contents, the proper light intensity and EC level for hydroponic cultivation of Indian lettuce is PPFD 500-EC 2.0, and PPFD 100 and 250, which are low light conditions, EC 0.8 is suitable for growth.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to report a clinical case of a patient with CIPN (Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy) successfully treated with Korean medicine interventions including acupuncture, herbal medicine and moxibustion. The patient is a female with CIPN who was diagnosed with ascending colon cancer and suffering from paresthesia of extremities after chemotherapy of platinum compounds. The patient was treated mainly with electroacupuncture (Ex-LE 10), indirect moxibustion and herbal medicine (Ucha-Shinki-hwan granule). The clinical outcomes were measured by NCI CTCAE grade, EORTC QLQ-C30 (CIPN20) scale and patient's assessment of symptoms. In this case, the NCI CTCAE grade was improved from II to I. The scores of global health status and functional scale in QLQ-C30 were increased and symptom scale was decreased. Especially, this case shows a noticeable decrease in sensory scale in QLQ-CIPN20. In patient's general assessment, the scale was changed from 10 to 5. Korean medical interventions including acupuncture, herbal medicine and moxibustion could potentially be an effective treatment for CIPN if further researches are conducted.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.107-112
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• 2000

One of the physiologically important ginseng diseases is red-colored phenomena (RCP) that is caused by accumulation of red-colored substances on the epidermis of ginseng roots. Although RCP severely deteriorates the quality of ginseng products, there has been little information on what red-colored substance is and how RCP occurs. Therefore, the heavy losses of cultivators and ginseng industry are suffering by RCP, For this reason, we have investigated with the morphochernical characteristics of RCP to find out main cause of it. The red-colored substances (RS) on the epidermis of red-colored ginseng (RCG) were examined using inverted light microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)and furier transform infrared (FT/IR) spectrometer. Red brown substances were accumulated in the cell wall of the epidermis from early stage to late stage of RCC. Especially, cell wall of the late stage of RCG was covered with the sub-stances with 80~ 130 fm thick. Therefore, the cell wall of RCG cannot protect the ginseng root cells from the mechanical damages, bacteria and fungi. To analyse red substances of roots, RS were isolated from epidermis of RCG and extracted using various solvents. RS is strongly insoluble but it was bleached by oxidizing agents including 12% (v/v) NaOCl. Therefore, RS was Presumed to make up of high chelation power. The proriles of FT/IR spectra or both healthy ginseng (HEG) and RCG showed a significant difference at two wavelength,2857 cm$\^$-1/(C-H) and 1032 cm$\^$-1/(S=O), respectively. Furthermore, absorption peak of 2857cm$\^$-l/ appears on the only epidermis of RCG. The other peak is shown lower absorption rate on the epidermis of RCG than that of healthy ginseng. Also, FT/IR spectra of the mixture of carboxym-ethylcellulose (CMC) and iron (Fe$\^$3+/) were very similar to RCG spectrum profiles. One of a interesting fact is that the contents of phenolic compounds at the epidermis of healthy ginseng were highest. The results of these experiments sup-port the RCP was closely related with the chemical interaction between inorganic elements (Fe) of rhizosphere and organic matters (cellulose, cellobiose, cell sap, etc.) of ginseng roots.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.953-959
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• 2010

We extracted bioactive materials from Codium fragile by enzymatic hydrolysis using four different proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, and Protamex) and seven different carbohydrases (amyloglucosidase (AMG), Celluclast, Dextrozyme, Maltogenase, Promozyme, Termamyl, and Viscozyme), and evaluated their biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and anti-inflammatory effects. All enzymatic hydrolysates showed good DPPH radical scavenging capacities, in particular, Flavourzyme and Promozyme hydrolysates possessed the highest activity. The two hydrolysates also exhibited strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity, and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the two hydrolysates effectively protected DNA damage induced by hydroxyl radical by measuring the conversion of supercoiled DNA to the open circular DNA. All enzymatic hydrolysates also showed high anti-AChE inhibitory activities in a dose-dependent manner, and did not showed any significant cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cells (p<0.05). In addition, the enzymatic hydrolysates significantly (p<0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharide induced-nitric oxide production on RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that the enzymatic extracts from Codium fragile would be good source as an ingredient of functional foods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4416-4422
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• 2014

In the present study, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)were extracted from in Chlamydomonas hedleyi, and their function was investigated regarding to protective capacity against UV radiation and a possibility to be developed into functional suncream including MAAs by using natural compounds. In particulr, we assessed UV protective ability and anti-inflammation of shinorine in human skin cells. As a result, shinorine can protect the skin against damage by the absorption of energy from UV radiation and functions as an anti-wrinkling substrate through a increase of collagen synthesis. These data suggest that shinorine can be utilized not only as a substrate to protect UV radiation, but anti-aging material in cosmetic products.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

Yield, growth characteristics, free radical-scavenging capacities, total phenolic contents and free amino acids contents were determined in Amaranthus species grown in Korea. And this study was aimed to investigate the functional properties of Amaranthus in two regions(Gangneung and Daegwallyeong). Yield ranged from 125 to 465 kg $10a^{-1}$ and RRC 1027 was the highest yield. Amaranthus seed size was very small, average seed weight(1,000 seeds) varied 0.42~0.82 g, especially Kerala Red was the most light weight. In DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, there is no significantly different between growing regions but colored Kerala Red was the highest among varieties. The total amount of phenolic compounds varied from 994 to 1,732 mg/kg. Among amino acids of seeds, the contents were in order of glutamic acid(30.5 mg $100g^{-1}$) > aspartic acid (26.1 mg $100g^{-1}$) > arginine(24.3 mg $100g^{-1}$). The present study shows that South Korea is suitable for the cultivation of Amaranthus. Common grains lack glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine we need for optimal health, but Amaranthus contains these amino acids. Amaranthus is great potential to develop new crop. But for measurement of antioxidant activity, in addition to DPPH method we are looking the other way.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2013

Actinomycetes produce diverse secondary metabolites which have the primary importance in medicine, agriculture and food production, and key to this is their ability to interact with other organisms in natural habitats. In this study, we have investigated the taxonomical and functional diversity of actinomycetes in fecal sample of rhinoceros beetle larvae (Allomyrina dichotoma L.) by using culture-dependent and -independent approaches. For the culture-independent approach, the community DNA was extracted from the sample and 16S rRNA genes of actinomycetes were amplified using actinomycetes-specific PCR primers. Thirty-seven clones were classified into 15 genera and 24 species of actinomycetes. For the culture-dependent approach, 53 strains were isolated from larval feces, of which 27 isolates were selected based on morphological characteristics. The isolates were classified into 4 genera and 14 species, and 24 isolates (89%) were identified as the genus Streptomyces. Many of the representative isolates had antimicrobial activities against plant pathogenic fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, most of the isolates (78%) showed biochemical properties to hydrolyze cellulose and casein. The results demonstrated that diverse and valuable actinomycetes could be isolated from insect fecal samples, indicating that insect guts can be rich sources for novel bioactive compounds.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.540-544
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C contents in peels of 11 commercial fruits commonly consumed in the Republic of Korea. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging methods and reducing power. The peels of plum (Prunus spp.) and golden kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) exhibited the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenolics, while the highest level of ascorbic acid was recorded in the peel of citrus fruit (p<0.05). There were positive correlations between the antioxidant activity assessed by both reducing power and ABTS methods and total polyphenol content ($R^2$=0.6356), suggesting that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to these activities. The results indicate that plum and golden kiwifruit peels can be used as natural antioxidant ingredients and in production of functional foods in the Korean diet.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.795-801
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• 2012

Nanoparticles have received significant attention because of their unusual characteristics including high surface area to volume ratios. Thiol ligand have been used as stabilizers of metal nanoparticles since Brust et al. They reported the preparation method of ligand capped metal nanoparticles by protecting the nanoparticles with a self-assembled monolayer of dodecanethiolate. In this method, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were used as sovents. This study was carried out to replace these VOCs with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). We used two type of ILs to prepare metal nanoparticles. One is a hydrophobic IL, [BMIM][[$PF_6$] (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) purchased from IL maker, C-Tri from Korea and the other one is a hydrophilic one, [BMIM][Cl] (1-Buthy-3-methylimdazolium chloride) sinthesized by us. In the case of preparing Ag and Au nanoparticles using [BMIM][Cl], we didn't use phase transition reagents and ethanol because it has hydrophilic property and preparing Au, Ag nanoparticles using [BMIM][[$PF_6$] the method is as same as Brust et al.'s except using [BMIM][[$PF_6$] instead of organic solvent because it has hydrophobic property. FT-IR and UV-vis, TEM, TGA analysis have been used in an attempt to determine the particle size and verify functional groups. The particle size obtained from TEM was very similar to those obtained by Brust et al. This is a clear example of ligand capped metal nanoparticles prepared using ionic liquids. And the experimental result demonstrated ionic liquids can act as a highly effective medium for the preparation and stabilization of gold and silver metal nanoparticles.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2016

The phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effect of Cirsium japonicum extract were evaluated in this study. High performance liquid chromatography mass analysis showed that C. japonicum was composed of chlorogenic acid, linarin, and pectolinarin. C. japonicum extract showed its antioxidant activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 567 and $130{\mu}g/mL$ by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, respectively. The total antioxidant capacities of C. japonicum via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were 11.32, 100.15, and $12.76{\mu}g/mL$ trolox equivalents, respectively. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of C. japonicum extract was investigated by measuring cell viability via MTT, LDH and DCF-DA assay using $H_2O_2-damaged$ PC12 cells. C. japonicum extract showed neuronal cell protective effects in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that C. japonicum extract has potent antioxidant and neuronal protective effects. Therefore, C. japonicum can be regarded as an effective and safe functional food resource as natural antioxidants, and may decrease the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.