• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is driving major innovation in various areas including engineering, manufacturing, art, education and biosciences such as biochemical engineering, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent advances have enabled 3D printing of biocompatible materials, cells and supporting components into complex 3D functional tissues. Compared with non-biological printing, 3D bioprinting involves additional complexities which require the integration of technologies from the fields of biochemical engineering, biomaterial sciences, cell biology, physics, pharmaceutics and medical science.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.975-980
• /
• 2012

Monacolin K-enriched ganghwayakssuk (Artemisia princeps Pamp.) was developed by fermentation with Monascus sp. Among the 15 Monascus spp. isolated previously from Monascus fermentation products, Monascus pilosus KMU108 produced 2,219 mg/kg of monacolin K during ganghwayakssuk fermentation with no detectable citrinin. The optimum concentrations of ganghwayakssuk and glucose determined from the response surface methodology (RSM) design were 2.2% and 3.8%, respectively. By applying these conditions, the monacolin K productivity was increased to 3,007 mg/kg after 15 days of fermentation. On the other hand, other characteristics such as the total content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity were relatively unchanged. Therefore, Monascus-fermented ganghwayakssuk is an excellent biomaterial for the development of functional foods because of its high level of monacolin K, known to lower cholesterol levels.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.805-808
• /
• 2008

Ginsenosides are responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. In this study, ginsenoside Rh1 and compound K were isolated and purified from fermented ginseng substrate and their anti-allergic effects were assessed in compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock model. The fermented ginseng substrate was extracted by methanol and ginsenoside Rh1 and compound K were efficiently purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep HPLC). Their quality and quantity were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) and HPLC. Ginsenoside Rh1 showed better anti-allergic effects than compound K in compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock model. This study suggested that fermented ginseng extracts with enriched Rh1 may be utilized as a potential biomaterial of functional food for the alleviation of allergic symptoms.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2009

Magnaporthe oryzae, a major cause of rice blast, is one of the most destructive plant fungal pathogens. Secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the infection phase of plant pathogenic fungus plays a key role in the defense mechanism of a plant. ROS causes oxidative damage and functional modification to the proteins in a pathogenic fungus. Methionine, especially, is a major target of ROS, which oxidizes it to methionine sulfoxide. To survive from the attack of ROS, plant pathogenic fungus has antioxidative systems - one example would be methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MSRB), which reverses the oxidative alteration of methionine to methionine sulfoxide. In the present study, identification and molecular characterization of the MSRB gene in M. oryzae KJ201 were investigated. The MSRB gene was amplified by PCR from the M. oryzae KJ201 genomic DNA. The copy number of MSRB in the genome of M. oryzae KJ201 was identified by Southern blot analysis, which revealed that the gene exists as a single copy. To study the molecular function of an MSRB gene, the expression level of the MSRB gene was assayed with hydrogen peroxide treatment by Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR. The expression of the MSRB gene was increased by treatment of hydrogen peroxide, without significant correlation to hydrogen peroxide concentrations. These results indicate that the MSRB gene in M. oryzae KJ201 could contribute to protection against plant defense compounds such as ROS and offer a novel strategy for the control of rice blast.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.1789-1794
• /
• 2011

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells playing key roles in immune sentinels as initiators of T-cell responses against microbial pathogens and tumors. Sarijang, a folk sauce containing extracts of Rhynchosia nulubilis, Ulmus davidiana roots, Allium sativum, and Rhus Verniaiflura bark, has been used as a nonspecific immunostimulant for cancer patients. However, little is known about its immunomodulating effects or their mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether sarijang induces phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs. For this study, murine bone marrow-derived myeloid DCs were cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the generated immature DCs were stimulated with sarijang or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data indicated that sarijang significantly enhanced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) as well as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, as did LPS. The results provide new insight into the immunopharmacology of sarijang and suggest a novel approach to the manipulation of DC for therapeutic application.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 2006

Epidemiological studies have indicated that the ubiquitous consumption of seaweeds is a protective factor against some types of cancer. Previous results showed that the administration of seaweed powder or extract reduced the incidence rate of chemically induced tumorigenesis using in vivo animal model. Recently, we reported that the extracts of Gloiopeltis furcata, a kind of Korean edible seaweed, caused he cell growth inhibition of various human cancer cell lines, among them methanol extract exhibited a relatively strong antiproliferative activity. However, the molecular mechanisms of this seaweed in malignant cells have been poorly studied until now. To elucidate this problem, we investigated the effects of methanol extract of G. furcata (MEGF) on the growth inhibition in several human cancer cell lines, and further we analyzed the effects of this extract were tested on the activity of apoptosis induction in human leukemic cells. The results demonstrated that MEGF treatment resulted in the morphological changes and the growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MEGF potently suppresses the growth of human leukemic U937 cells by induction of apoptosis, which was associated with induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) in a tumor suppressor p53-independent fashion and up-regulation of Fas/FasL system. Further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds that confer the anticancer activity of MEGF. Once such compounds are identified, the mechanisms by which they exert their effects can begin to be characterized.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2008

We investigated several biological activities using the ethanol extract and its fractions from Dictyota coriacea to evaluate the usefulness of its extract as a functional biomaterial. The ethanol extract and n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed dependently inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells. The ethanol extract and its fractions showed inhibitory effect on Tyrosinase and TRP-1 gene transcription but didn't showed inhibitory effect on TRP-2 gene transcription. Also, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions dose-dependently inhibited the NO production in a RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that extract of Dictyota coriacea could be used as functional biomaterial in developing a skin whitening agent having the anti-inflammatory activity.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2008

We investigated several biological activities using the ethanol extract and its fractions from Pimpinella komarovii leaves to evaluate the usefulness of its extract as a functional biomaterial. The ethanol extract showed antioxidant activities, such as DPPH scavenging activity $(IC_{50}=231.8{\mu}g/m{\ell})$. superoxide scavenging activity $(IC_{50}=23.6{\mu}g/m{\ell})$, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity $(IC_{50}=587.8{\mu}g/m{\ell})$. Its EtOAc fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activities among several fractions. The inhibitory effect of ethanol extract on tyrosinase activity was higher than water fraction. When $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of EtOAc fraction was applied, the inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity was much higher (42%) than that of melasolv. The EtOAc fraction also showed higher inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in Melan-a cells. The n-hexane and EtOAc fractions dose-dependently inhibited the NO production in a RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that extract of Pimpinella komarovii could be used as functional biomaterial in developing a skin whitening agent having the antioxidant activity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.654-662
• /
• 2017

Extracellular microvesicles are membranous nano-sized cellular organelles secreted by a variety of cells under normal and pathological conditions and heterogeneous in size ranging from 30 nm to $1{\mu}m$. They carry functional microRNAs that can influence immunity and development. For a particular application of microvesicles, choice of isolation method is particularly important; however, their isolation methods from colostrum in particular have not been described clearly. In this work, differential ultracentrifugation as a conventional method, ultracentrifugation with some modification such as additional precipitations, ultrafiltration, sucrose gradient separation and ExoQuick$^{TM}$ as a commercial reagent were compared. The goal was to compare mainly microvesicular total microRNA yield, distribution and purity among the methods then select the best isolation method for bovine colostrum microvesicles based largely on microRNA yield with the view of applying the vesicles in work where vesicular microRNA cargo is the target bioactive component. Highest yields for vesicular microRNA were obtained using conventional methods and among them, subsequent ultracentrifugation with 100,000 g and 135,000 g conventional method 2 was selected as it had the highest RNA to protein ratio indicating that it pelleted the least protein in relation to RNA an important factor for in vivo applications to assess microvesicle functionalities without risk of contaminating non-vesicular biomaterial. Microvesicles isolated using conventional method 2 were successfully internalized by cells in vitro showing their potential to deliver their cargo into cells in vitro and in vivo in case of functional studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.835-843
• /
• 2022

Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic bacterium that can thrive in harsh environments. This property can be attributed to its unique metabolites that possess strong antioxidants and other pharmacological properties. To determine the potential of D. radiodurans R1 lysate (DeinoLys) as a pharmacological candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we investigated the antiinflammatory activity of DeinoLys in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and a colitis mice model. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMDCs treated with DeinoLys exhibited alterations in their phenotypic and functional properties by changing into tolerogenic DCs, including strongly inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-12p70) and surface molecule expression and activated DC-induced T cell proliferation/activation with high IL-10 production. These phenotypic and functional changes in BMDCs induced by DeinoLys in the presence of LPS were abrogated by IL-10 neutralization. Furthermore, oral administration of DeinoLys significantly reduced clinical symptoms against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, including body weight loss, disease activity index, histological severity in colon tissue, and lower myeloperoxidase level in mice. Our results establish DeinoLys as a potential anti-inflammatory candidate for IBD therapy.