• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.901-906
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• 1995

Studies on the chemical constituents from a Korean wild mushroom, Phellinus ribis, were carried out. A triterpenoid, two peroxysterols, and a chlorobenzene compound were isolated from the hexane soluble fraction of the methanol extract of dried fruiting bodies of the basidomycetes. Those compounds identifed were 3-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid (betulinic acid), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol(ergosterol peroxide), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (dehydroperoxyergosterol), and 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene. Structural studies were carried out on molecular species of a ceramide and cerebroside isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the methanol extract. For ceramide, the major component fatty acids were a-hydroxy fatty acid isomers of $C_{22:00}{\sim}C_{25:00};$ the predominant long-chain bases were trihydroxy sphinganine of $C_{17}{\sim}C_{18}$. The structure of a cerebroside containing mono-sugar was assumed that the long-chain base was $C_{19:2}$ sphingadienine; the major fatty acids were $C_{16}{\sim}C_{15}$ ${\alpha}$-hydroxy fatty acid isomers.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of nutritional and environmental factors on Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelial growth. The longest colony diameter was observed on Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics complete medium plus yeast extract, Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics minimal medium, and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA); however, malt-extract yeast-extract agar, SDA plus yeast extract, yeast-extract malt-extract peptone dextrose agar, SDA, oatmeal agar, and potato dextrose agar showed higher mycelia density. A temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ was optimum and 7.0 was the optimum pH for mycelial growth. Colony diameter was similar under light and dark conditions. Maltose and yeast extract showed the highest mycelial growth among carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The effect of mineral salts was less obvious; however, $K_3PO_4$ showed slightly better growth than that of the other mineral salts tested. Among all nutrition sources tested, complex organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, peptone, and tryptone were best for mycelial growth of O. longissima. Ophiocordyceps longissima composite medium, formulated by adding maltose (2% w/v), yeast extract (1% w/v), and $K_3PO_4$ (0.05% w/v) resulted in slightly longer colony diameter. In vitro mycelial O. longissima growth was sustainable and the production of fruiting bodies could be used for commercial purposes in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1039-1041
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• 2005

Fibrinolytic activities of cultured medium and mycelium from 13 selected culturable mushrooms ranged 0.00-0.16 U and 0.00-0.48 U, respectively. Dry cell weight of Armillaria mellea was 6.50g/100mL, 1.9-5.0 fold higher than other tested mushrooms. Among artificially cultured mushroom fruiting bodies tested, fibrinolytic activity was lowest in Hericium erinaceus (0.17 U) and highest in Pleurotus ferulea (0.94 U).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.312-315
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• 2000

Paecilomyces tenuipes DGUM 32001, an entomopathogenic fungus, was examined to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity against several human cancer cells. The fruiting bodies of P. tenuipes were extracted with methanol and fractioned with some organic solvents i.e. chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The methanol extracts of P. tenuipes showed significant cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines; HeLa, HeLa S3, and A-431. Among the fractions tested, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines. The $IC_{50}$ values of ethyl acetate fraction against HeLa, HeLa S3, and A-431 were 13, 35, and 30 $\mu$g/ml, respectively. However, cytotoxicity might not be due to apoptosis. The methanol extract of cultured mycelia showed high cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2015

Environmental temperature is an important factor that affects the growth of mushrooms. Mushrooms grow well in a certain temperature range, but if mushrooms deviate from the appropriate temperature range, mushrooms growth and development quality will become worse, and even stop growing. In this paper, the status of the mushroom bacteria, the growth of the mycelium, the occurrence of the fruiting bodies and the growth of the fungus were investigated, o as to provide reference for cultivation management technology of mushroom precise cultivation.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2010

Calocybe indica, a tropical edible mushroom, is popular because it has good nutritive value and it can be cultivated commercially. The current investigation was undertaken to determine a suitable substrate and the appropriate thickness of casing materials for the cultivation of C. indica. Optimum mycelial growth was observed in coconut coir substrate. Primordia initiation with the different substrates and casing materials was observed between the 13th and 19th day. The maximum length of stalk was recorded from sugarcane leaf, while diameter of stalk and pileus, and thickness of pileus were found in rice straw substrate. The highest biological and economic yield, and biological efficiency were also obtained in the rice straw substrate. Cow dung and loamy soil, farm-yard manure, loamy soil and sand, and spent oyster mushroom substrates were used as casing materials to evaluate the yield and yield-contributing characteristics of C. indica. The results indicate that the number of effective fruiting bodies, the biological and economic yield, and the biological efficiency were statistically similar all of the casing materials used. The maximum biological efficiency was found in the cow dung and loamy soil casing material. The cow dung and loamy soil (3 cm thick) was the best casing material and the rice straw was the best substrate for the commercial cultivation of C. indica.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2020

Calvatia nipponica, a puffball mushroom (Agaricaceae), is thought to be an aphrodisiac, as this mushroom is traditionally known to improve sexual function in males. As part of the systematic study to determine the bioactive secondary metabolites from C. nipponica responsible for aphrodisiac effects, chemical analysis of methanol (MeOH) extracts of the fruiting bodies of C. nipponica resulted in the isolation of two major compounds: N,N-dimethyl-anthranilic acid (1) and (7Z,10Z)-7,10-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for cumulative dose-dependent relaxation responses to precontracted penile corpus smooth muscle (PCCSM). Results show that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a maximum relaxation effect of 20.33 ± 2.18% and 24.63 ± 3.60%, respectively. These findings indicate that compounds 1 and 2, major components of C. nipponica, could potentially be used to treat erectile dysfunction, functioning as natural aphrodisiacs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.854-860
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• 1999

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified to homogeneity from fruiting bodies of edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes, by ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose FF ion-exchange chromatography, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography, and preparative PAGE. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 54 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, and the enzyme was shown to be consisted of two identical subunits of molecular weight 27 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.9 as determined by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme had optimal pH and temperature of pH 8.0 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide, but inhibited less by cyanide and azide. The native enzyme was found to contain 0.89g-atom of iron, 0.75g-atom of zinc, and 0.46g-atom of copper per mol of enzyme. Analysis of amino acids composition revealed that the SOD from L. edodes contained a relatively large amount of glutamic acid/glutamine, proline, cysteine, isoleucine, and leucine, but only a small amount of aspartic acid/asparagine, tyrosine, and tryptophan when compared to the other iron-containing SODs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1335-1341
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• 2008

The cell wall material from fruiting bodies of Laetporus sulphureus has been suggested as a new alternative to mutan for the mutanase induction in Trichoderma harzianum. Structural analyses revealed that the cell wall fraction from this polypore fungus contained 56.3% of (1$\rightarrow$3)-linked $\alpha$-glucans. When the strain T. harzianum F-340 was grown on a cell wall preparation from L. sulphureus, the maximal enzyme productivity obtained after 3 days of cultivation was 0.71 U/ml. This yield was about 1.8-fold higher than that achieved on mutan, known so far as the best, but expensive and inaccessible, inducer of mutanase production. Cell-wall-induced mutanase showed a high hydrolytic potential in reaction with a dextranase-pretreated mutan, where maximal degrees of saccharification and solubilization of this biopolymer (80% and 100%, respectively) were reached in 3 h at 45$^{\circ}C$. The mutanase preparation was also effective in degradation of streptococcal mutan and its removal from oral biofilms, especially in a mixture with dextranase.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.1 s.72
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• pp.46-52
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• 1995

A lectin was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Lampteromyces japonicus by preparative PAGE and named LJAP (Lampteromyces japonicus antibacterial protein). LJAP was a polymeric protein of more than one hundred kDa consisting of 17-kDa subunits. The amino acid analysis revealed a high content of serine, glycine, and acidic amino acids. LJAP has an excellent antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli, JM 109, K 12, HB 101, and JW 380. By the inhibition assay of the antibacterial activity, a glycoprotein, asialofetuin was confirmed as the best inhibitor. This is the first lectin isolated and characterized its antibacterial and agglutination activities from the family Lampteromyces.