• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.222-229
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• 2016

Corni fructus is often distributed or processed in the form of dried fruit. However, Corni fructus is hard to develop due to its distinctive sour, bitter, and astringent taste. The aim of this study was to develop a puree to broaden the utilization of fresh Corni fructus. Manufacturing and quality characteristics of Sansuyu jam made from puree were investigated. Seeded Corni fructus pulp consisted of 20 to 26% whole fruit. The moisture and sugar contents of pulp were 52~63% and $15{\sim}31^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Sterilized distilled water was added to seeded pulp to achieve a constant solids content in the puree. As the pectin content was low as $0.14{\pm}0.01%$, gelling agent was added to produce jam. The moisture content of the puree increased to 83~88%. The sugar content was reduced to $10^{\circ}Brix$. There was no significant difference in pH. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the puree according to ripening rate at a concentration of 100 ppm were 47.92% and 50.96%, respectively. The preference degree was $5.03{\pm}0.97$ at a ripening ratio of 50:50, 2% pectin, and 0.2% carrageenan. These results imply that Corni fructus pulp puree may be appropriate for development as a natural food product.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

This study analyzed the quality characteristics of the Sansapyun products, which were manufactured by mixing with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30% of Crataegi fructus concentrate and 9% of mung bean starch. The moisture content and pH in Sansapyun decreased significantly(p<0.001) as the concentration of Crataegi fructus concentrate increased. Sweetness increased as the amount of Crataegi fructus concentrate increased in both Before/After cases. As for the L value of the color characteristics of Sansapyun, it turned out that the control group, which had 0% of Crataegi fructus concentrate, was higher. Meanwhile, the a and b values were the strongest with 30% of Crataegi fructus concentrate. As the concentration increased, the hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness all decreased significantly(p<0.001), while adhesiveness became higher as the concentration increased. The preference test showed that the increase of the concentration resulted in the increase of red color, fruity flavor, sour flavor, Chinese (herb) medicine flavor, sour taste, sweetness, Chinese (herb) medicine taste, stickiness, and aftertaste. However, the sleekness, transparency, hardness and springiness decreased as the concentration increased. The survey on the preference showed that the preferences for flavor, taste and overall preference were the highest at the 10% sample group, but the preferences for color and texture were the highest at the 20% sample group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.597-602
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• 1992

To improve utilization of boxthorn (Lycii Fructus), the boxthron and mixed boxthron (Lycii Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus, Corni Fructus, Zizyphi Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Cinnamami Cortex) hot-water extractable concentrates were prepared by vaccum evaporation and its rheological properties were investigated. The rheological properties of concentrates $(20{\sim}50^{\circ}Bx)$ followed power low model and showed a pseudoplastic behavior at the temperature range of $20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. The apparent viscosity of $20^{\circ}Bx$, $30^{\circ}Bx$, $40^{\circ}Bx$ and $50^{\circ}Bx$ boxthron hot-water extractable concentrate was 0.0074 Pa s, 0.0175 Pa s, 0.0431 Pa s and 0.0988 Pa s, that of mixed boxthorn hot-water extractable concentrate was 0.0099 Pa s, 0.0328 Pa s, 0.0720 Pa s and 0.1940 Pa s at $20^{\circ}C$ and 1500 l/s, respectively. The yield stress of boxthron and mixed boxthron hot-water extractable concentrates ranged from 0.045 to 6.253 Pa and from 0.022 to 8.891 Pa, respectively. The activation energy for the flow of boxthron and mixed boxthorn hot-water extractable concentrates increased from 1.6182 to $2.0543{\times}10^7\;J/kg{\cdot}mol$ and from 1.7057 to $2.1462{\times}10^7\;J/kg{\cdot}mol$ with the concentrations of concentrates, respectively.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 2004

Objectives : CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) is known as the substance which delays aging by the antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) on antioxidant enzyme activities such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group (supplied enough water and feeds only, Normal Group), D-galatose administered group(injected D-galatose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, Control Group) and CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) administered group (D-galactose 50mg/kg and CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) extracts 85.0mg/200g 1time/day for 6 weeks, SS Group). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, neutral fat and cholesterol were measured in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Results : There was no significant difference in the level of TBARS in the blood plasma between each experimental group. Red blood cell SOD activities were significantly different in each group. They were significantly decreased in the Control group compared to those of Normal and there was an increasing phenomenon in the SS group compared to the Control group. There was a significant difference in the activities of the red blood cell - glutathione peroxides in each group. There was a significant increase in the SS group compared to the Control group. Red blood cell catalase activities was no significant difference in each group. Plasma total lipid concentration was significantly different in each group. It was significantly increased in the Control group compared with the Normal group and it was decreasing in the SS group compared to the control group. Plasma triglyceride was not significantly different in each group. Plasma total cholesterol and Plasma HDL -cholesterol concentrations in the blood plasma were not significantly different in each group. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxides and increasing the activities of antioxidative(anti aging) enzyme in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

Objectives: CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) is known as the substance which decreases concentration of sarum lipid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) on decreasing concentration of sarum lipid which are triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol in rat high cholesterol diet inducede hyperlipide rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group(supplied enough water and feeds only. Normal Group), high fat diet administered group(AIN-76 high fat diet #100496 used beef tallow for 4 weeks, Control Group) and CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) administered group(AIN-76 high fat diet #100496 used beef tallow and CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) extracts 85.0mg/200g 1time/day for 4 weeks. SS Group). Rats were sacrificed and concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were measured in rat's sarum lipid Results: There was no significant difference in the level of waight between each experimental group(F=0.243, p=0.787, ANOVA test), Concentration of triglyceride has no significant difference in each group(F=0.210, p=0.813, ANOVA test). There was significant increase of total cholesterol in the Control group compared to those of Normal but there was no significant difference in the SS group compared to the Control group(F=5.237, p=0.0l9, ANOVA test). There was a significant increase of HDL-cholesterol in the SS group compared to the Control group and decrease in Control group compared Normal group(F= 11.437, p=0.001, ANDYA test). Concentration of LDL -cholesterol was significantly different in each group(F= 16.377, p=0.0001, ANDYA test). It was significantly increased in the Control group compared with the Normal group and it has no difference in the SS group compared to the control group. TBARS values(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) were significantly different in each group(F=5.242, p=0.0019, ANDYA test). It was significantly increased in the Control group compared with the Normal group and significantly decreased in SS group compared with the Control group. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is considered that CRATAEGII FRUCTUS(山査) is effective in decreaseing concentration of sarum lipid in high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2003

Quality and shelf life of the wet noodle made with 1, 3, 5, and 7% (w/w%) Lycii fructus powder were investigated. Increase in L. fructus power concentration increased the initial pasting temperature and cooking loss, while maximum viscosity, temperature at maximum viscosity, weights and volumes of cooking noodles, and textural properties (hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness) of cooked noodle prepared with composite flour decreased. The sensory evaluation of cooked noodles showed that wet noodles with high quality could be produced by 3% inclusion of L. fructus powder. Bacterial counts of wet noodles made with L. fructus powder were lower than those of the control after storage at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Shelf life of wet noodles during storage at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ extended as the L. fructus powder concentration increased.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2004

Objectives: Rubi Fructus(fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.) composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB. and some medical herbs is known as formula of senescence delay effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Rubi Fructus(fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.) on antioxidant enzyme activity such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group(supplied enough water and feeds only, Normal Group), D-galatose administered group(injected D-galatose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, Control Group) and Rubi Fructus (fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.) administered group(D-galactose 50mg/kg and Rubi Fructus(fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.) extracts 85.0mg/200g 1time/day for 6 weeks, BBJ Group). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, Plasma total lipid, Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were measured in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Results : Plasma TBARS concentrations of all experimental group were not significantly different. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activities of BBJ group was increased, and RBC catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different. RBC GSH-px activities of BBJ group was increased. Plasma total lipid concentration of BBJ group were significantly lower than those of control. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of all experimental group were not signi ficantly different. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is considered that Rubi Fructus(fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.) is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.700-704
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• 2007

In the recent, increased concern has been focused on the pharmacology and clinical utility of herbal extracts and derivatives as a drug or adjunct to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Here we investigated the role of the extract of Anethi Fructus in the expression of inflammatory mediators, surface molecule, and related receptors in vitro. In murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6N mice, water extract of Anethi Fructus increased the production of secretary tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and Nitric oxide (NO), and the expression level of CD14, LPS co-receptor and CD86, co-stimulatory molecule compared to negative natural extract ex vivo. The water extract of Anethi Fructus increased the production of interferon (IFN)-g from splenocytes. Also, water extract of Anethi Fructus increased ConA-induced cell proliferation. These results suggest that water extract of Anethi Fructus may enhance the immune response through immune modulation of macrophage and lymphocytes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

By analysing the benzo(a)pyrene concentration using HPLC-FLD and LC-MS/MS, pollution levels of herbal medicines without permitted benzo(a)pyrene specification were investigated. Average benzo(a)pyrene concentrations were 38.30, 37.46 and 21.22 ㎍/kg for Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Mume Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma, respectively, which are 4 to 7 times higher than maximum permitted benzo(a)pyrene concentration of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata and Rehmanniae Radix, i.e. 5.0 ㎍/kg. Proportion of detected samples exceeding 5.0 ㎍/kg benzo(a)pyrene concentration was 22% for Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Scrophulariae Radix, 44% for Forsythiae Fructus, 67% for Mume Fructus, 100% for Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma, and collectively 29% (36 out of 125 samples) in average. In terms of risk characterization results, human exposure of benzo(a)pyrene were 7.96, 3.49 and 1.61 ng/kg b.w./day and the margin of exposure(MOE) were 1.25 × 10⁴, 2.86 × 10⁴ and 6.20 × 10⁴ for Mume Fructus, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma, respectively. MOE banding of those herbal medicines was categorized to 'low concern'. However, considering that human exposure of benzo(a)pyrene for food is legislated to 1.4~2.5 ng/kg b.w./day, it was urgent to set up the guideline of benzo(a)pyrene in herbal medicines.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of the paper was to study cutting method of Gardeniae frutus, that tends to show symptom of separations in a packing, in accordance with the comparison experiment of quantification and antioxidant effect proceed with the intact Gardeniae fructus(Gf), seed of Gardeniae fructus (Gs) and the pericarp of Gardeniae fructus (Gp) separately. Methods : The Gf, Gs, and Gp were extracted using 80% MeOH, followed by quantizing geniposide contained in each group. A MTT assay was conducted and ROS generation and NO production were measured for comparing its antioxidant effect. Results : As a result of quantizing geniposide contained in the Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, the geniposide content was shown to be the highest in the Gs. MTT assay showed that no cytotoxicity was observed in the groups treated with Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, at a dose of 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. The ROS generation was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gf 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. The NO level was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gp 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. Conclusion : As the geniposide content and antioxidant effect of Gf varies according to its each part, it is recommended that Gf should be distributed as an intact form other than segregation in packing.