• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.31 no.6_1
• /
• pp.471-481
• /
• 2013

Recently, the frequency of debris flow disaster has increased, which is one of the natural disasters during extremely heavy rainfall condition. This paper described the analysis method about deposition characteristics of debris flow using topographic characteristics of debris flow path. First, we observed topographic changes by differencing high- resolution LiDAR DEMs acquired before and after the occurrence of debris flow event. We assumed that deposition on outside of debris flow path was generated by movements due to the inertia of debris flows. Then, we analyzed three topographic characteristics of debris flow path: slope in flow direction, transition angle of flow path, and the net efficiency(L/H) of debris flows defined by the ratio of transport length(L) and elevation difference(H). We applied this method to Umyeon Mountain debris flow event in July 2011. The results showed that deposition on outside of debris flow path due to the inertia of debris flows was significantly related to the transition angle of debris flow path. Also, we figured out that there were more frequent such depositions in locations where the ratio of 'transition angle / (L/H)' is over 8.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.505-516
• /
• 2012

The study applies a hydrologic simulation model, HEC-1 developed by Hydrologic Engineering Center to Daecheong dam watershed for modeling hourly inflows of Daecheong dam. Although the HEC-1 model provides an automatic optimization technique for some of the parameters, the built-in optimization model is not sufficient in estimating reliable parameters. In particular, the optimization model often fails to estimate the parameters when a large number of parameters exist. In this regard, a main objective of this study is to develop Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation based HEC-1 model (BHEC-1). The Clark IUH method for transformation of precipitation excess to runoff and the soil conservation service runoff curve method for abstractions were used in Bayesian Monte Carlo simulation. Simulations of runoff at the Daecheong station in the HEC-1 model under Bayesian optimization scheme allow the posterior probability distributions of the hydrograph thus providing uncertainties in rainfall-runoff process. The proposed model showed a powerful performance in terms of estimating model parameters and deriving full uncertainties so that the model can be applied to various hydrologic problems such as frequency curve derivation, dam risk analysis and climate change study.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 2010

Since the 1990's, a number of ULF geomagnetic disturbance associated with earthquake occurrences have actively been reported, and polarization analysis of geomagnetic fields becomes one of potential candidates to be capable of predicting short-term earthquake. This study develops the modified polarization analysis method based on the previous studies, and analyzes three-component geomagnetic fields obtained at Cheongyang geomagnetic observatory using the developed method. A daily polarization value (the ratio of spectral power of horizontal and vertical geomagnetic field) is calculated with a focus on the 0.01 Hz band, which is known to be the most sensitive to seismogenic ULF radiation. We analyze a total of 10 months of geomagnetic data obtained at Cheongyang observatory, and compare the polarization values with the Kp index and the earthquake occurred in the analysis period. The results show that there is little correlation between the temporal variations of polarization values and Kp index, but remarkable increases in polarization values are identified which are associated with two earthquakes. Comparison the polarization values obtained at Cheongyang and Kanoya observatory indicates that the increases of polarization values at Cheongyang might be due to not global geomagnetic induction but the locally occurred earthquakes. Furthermore, these features are clearly shown in normalized polarization values, which take account in the statistical characteristics of each geomagnetic field. On the basis of these results, polarization analysis can be used as promising tool for monitoring the earthquake-precursory phenomenon.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.18B no.2
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2011

Algorithms for intrinsic images reduce color differences in RGB images caused by the temperature of black-body radiators. Based on the reference light and detecting single invariant direction, these algorithms are weak in real images which can have multiple invariant directions when the scene illuminant is a colored illuminant. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a method of acquiring an intrinsic image by omnidirectional projection of an ROI and a translation of white patch in the ${\chi}$-chromaticity space. Because it is not easy to analyze an image in the three-dimensional RGB space, the ${\chi}$-chromaticity is also employed without the brightness factor in this paper. After the effect of the colored illuminant is decreased by a translation of white patch, an invariant direction is detected by omnidirectional projection of an ROI in this chromaticity space. In case the RGB image has multiple invariant directions, only one ROI is selected with the bin, which has the highest frequency in 3D histogram. And then the two operations, projection and inverse transformation, make intrinsic image acquired. In the experiments, test images were four datasets presented by Ebner and evaluation methods was the follows: standard deviation of the invariant direction, the constancy measure, the color space measure and the color constancy measure. The experimental results showed that the proposed method had lower standard deviation than the entropy, that its performance was two times higher than the compared algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.664-675
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the duties and tasks of pre-service health education teacher in elementary school using DACUM method. DACUM workshop was conducted for the fourth year nursing students located in J province who completed a health teacher teaching course and performed practical training course in elementary school. By carrying out DACUM workshop duties, tasks, task-specific importance, difficulty and frequency were analyzed, and were derived with the knowledges, skills, attitudes, tools, and future prospects on job requirements and characteristics. The derived job analysis information was verified the content validity from 6 field experts in school and 2 professors of education. Based on the result, DACUM chart was developed. DACUM chart was consisted of 6 duties and 24 tasks, knowledges, skills, and attitudes for job performance were derived. The result of study showed that health care in elementary pre-school health education teacher practicum was listed as the most important duty. Teaching and writing skills were presented to practice basically. Because the importance and role of the health teachers in school are considered necessary, it is considered to increase institutional support for the development of health education program and the improvement of educational environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.1009-1019
• /
• 2009

In this research, various characteristics of South Korea's design flood have been examined by deriving appropriate design flood, using data obtained from careful observation of actual floods occurring in selected main watersheds of the nation. 19 watersheds were selected for research in Korea. The various characteristics of annual rainfall were analyzed by using a moving average method. The frequency analysis was decided to be performed on the annual maximum flood of succeeding one year as a reference year. For the 19 watersheds, tests of basic statistics, independent, homogeneity, and outlier were calculated per period of annual maximum flood series. By performing a test using the LH-moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, among applied distributions of Gumbel (GUM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic (GLO) and Generalized Pareto (GPA) distribution was found to be adequate compared with other probability distributions. Parameters of GEV distribution were estimated by L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moment method based on the change in the order of probability weighted moments. Design floods per watershed and the periods of annual maximum flood series were derived by GEV distribution. According to the result of the analysis performed by using variation rate used in this research, it has been concluded that the time for changing the design conditions to ensure the proper hydraulic structure that considers recent climate changes of the nation brought about by global warming should be around the year 2002.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.317-331
• /
• 1990

Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from Fasciola spp, Eurytrema pancreaticum and Calicophoron calicophorum occurred Korean cattle were egamined using modified air-drying method. To compare their phenotype with three different genotypes among Fasciola spp, the adult and egg si2e were measured since they have been known as important taxonomical characters. The results obtained were as followed; Cattle liver fluke, Fasciola spp were classified into three types based on their chromosomal complements such as individual with 2o chromosome(diploid), 30 chromosome(triploid) and 20/30 mosaic constitution(mixoploid). The propotions of appearance of three types were 40.00%, 54.29% and 5.71%, respectively. The frequency of three types in type I which was regarded as F gigantica were 58.82% for diploid, 35.29% for triploid and 5.88% for mixoploid, but in type II which was regarded as F hepatica were 72.2% for triploid, 22.22% for diploid and 5.56% for mixoploid. Egg length of triploid forms was significantly larger than that of diploid forms and egg size of mixoploid forms was similiar to that of triploid forms. Worm size of triploid forms was larger than that of diploid forms and was more similar to that of mixoploid forms, but the statistical data were not significant. Diploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome(m), four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes(sm), five pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes(st), while triploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome, seven pairs of submetacen.tric chromosomes, one pair of subtelocentric chromosome and telocentric chromosome(t), respectively. In mixoploid chromosome, constitution of the chromosomes of diploid or triploid cell was consistent with that of diploid or triploid. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from pancreatic fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum consisted of 13 pairs of homologs(2n=26, n=13). The mitotic and meiotic divisions were observed frequently. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of five pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, three pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes and one pair of telocentric chromosome. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from stomach fluke, Calicvphoron calicophorum consisted of 9 pairs of homologs(2n=18, n=9). The meiotic divisions was frequently observed, but mitotic divisions was rare. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of two pairs of metacentric chromosomes, three pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and four pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Karyotype of Calicophoron calicophorum differed from that of Japanese C calicophorum which was similar to that of Paramphistomum cervi of Korean cattle. Though that of Calicophoron calicophorum of Korean cattle was similar to that of Paramphistomum explanatum of Korean cattle, that have been recognized to be a different species of fluke.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2015

Modern fashion shows the trend of various styles and the period focusing on only product functions is changed to the period focusing on consumer's sensibility. Consumers show different sensitivities and preference by individual at the stage cognizing and recognizing the stimulation of given image and the method of objective measurement based on the fashion sensible vocabularies is necessary to measure fashion sensibility. Therefore, this research is significant to examine differences of preference to classic fashion by generation and awareness for sensible vocabularies and suggest methodology of design sensible evaluation research through the quantitative evaluation objectifying subjective sensibility. For the method of research, precedent theses related to classic, concept and characteristics of classic in books and definition and characteristics by generation were examined, the best 3 domestic portal sites were selected and adjective vocabularies and images related to classic were collected from 2010 to 2014. Among the 206 adjectives collected, vocabularies whose average is more than 3.5 were drawn by 5-point Likert scale for fashion expert group. And, among the total 306 images collected, 21 representative images were selected by preliminary investigation of fashion expert group. For the classic images and vocabularies selected, frequency analysis, factor analysis and variance analysis were conducted by SPSS 19.0. The results of analysis are as follows. Preference to classic fashion image by generation was analyzed. As a result, both of two generations selected classic fashion as the most classic one. The images of the next orders were analyzed. As a result, Y generation selected basic classic fashion image which is casual with high activity as a classic one. Baby boom generation selected ancient classic fashion image, so there were differences in preference for classic by generation. As a factor analysis on classic adjective vocabularies, they could be divided into 5 factors such as basic form, attractive form, traditional form, vintage form and active form and they verified that credibility of all measuring variables for classic sensible vocabularies was achieved. Differences of classic sensible vocabularies by classic fashion image and generation were examined. As a result, generation and classic fashion image made a significant effect on five factors. Therefore, there were differences of the awareness on classic fashion images and sensible vocabularies among the generations and this thesis can be a fundamental material which objectifies subjective sensibility and suggests the methodology of new research.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.32-46
• /
• 2017

Recent rapid urban expansion and crowding of various industrial facilities has affected the features of a significant part of downtown area, resulting in areas having buildings with a wide range of height and the foothills. To compute a velocity pressure exposure coefficient, namely the design wind speed factor, this study defines ground surface roughness by utilizing concentration analysis for the height of each building. After obtaining spatial data by extracting a building layer from digital maps, the study area was partitioned for the concentration analysis and to allow investigation of the frequency distribution of building heights. Concentration analysis by building height was determined with the Variation-to-Means Ratio (VMR) and Poisson distribution analysis using a buildings distribution chart, with statistical significance determined using Chi-square verification. Applying geographic information systems (GIS) with the architectural information made it possible to estimate a velocity pressure exposure coefficient factor more quantitatively and objectively, by including geographic features, as compared to current methods. Thus, this method is expected to eliminate inaccuracies that arise when building designers calculate the velocity pressure exposure coefficient in subjective way, and to help increase the wind resistance of buildings in a more logical and cost-effective way.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.357-367
• /
• 1990

This descriptive study was done to identify factors influencing sexual satisfaction in women who had had a hysterectomy and to compare these with women who had not had a hysterectomy. The purpose was to contribute theoretical understanding on which to base nursing care planning. One group of subjects were 156 women who had had a hysterectomy, between one and 18 months post surgery, living with their spouse, having no complications, and menstruating before surgery. The other group of subjects were 282 healthy women who were living with their husbands and menstruating. The study tool consisted of 108 items including item concerning personal characteristics, characteristics related to the hysterectomy, husband's support, body image, emotions, attitude toward the sexual relationship, knowledge of sexuality, sexual behavior, and sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction was measured by a tool based on Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory. The range of the internal level of the study tool was from. 5208 to .9462. Data collection was done during the period from June 20 to Aug.20, 1989. The same questionnaire was used of data collection for both groups, but a mail survey method was used for the women who had had a hysterectomy, and an interview method was used for the women who had not had a hysterectomy. Data analysis was done using frequency, ratio, mean and S.D. for the characterstics of the subjects and level of sexual satisfaction. t - test or ANOVA was used for the differences between the groups with regard to the general and hysterectomy related characteristics. The relationship between the score for sex life related factors and the level of sexual satisfaction was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation, and the influencing factors on sexual satisfaction were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Mean age and income level were the only general characteristics for the two groups that were significantly different. The mean age, and income level of the group who had had a hysterectomy were 45years, and 1,150,000 won respectively, and for those who had not had a hysterectomy, 41 years and 999,000 won. 2. There was no statistical difference of the sexual satisfaction score between the two groups. 3. There was differences in the factors influencing sexual satisfaction between the two groups. Factors influencing sexual satisfaction for the group who had had a hysterectomy were husband's support (R＝.5793, P＝.000) and the women's Knowledge of sexuality(R＝.6670, P＝.000) (total variance : 33.56). On the other hand, emotional status(R＝.4294, P＝.000), sexual behavior(R＝.4294, P＝.000), husband's support(R＝.5274, P＝.000) and attitude towards sexual relations (R＝.5412, P＝.000) (total variance : 54.12) were the factors influencing sexual satisfaction in the group who had not had a hysterectomy. Since husband's support and sexuality knowledge were identified as factors influencing sexual satisfaction of women who have had a hysterectomy, it can be concluded that, before a woman who has had a hysterectomy is discharged from hospital, nurses should include strategies in the nursing care plan that will promote husband's support and the women's knowledge of sexuality.