• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 1996

Texture-modifying and freeze-thaw stabilizing effects of different wheat gluten and modified starches on surimi based-product were evaluated. The different incorporation manners of wheat gluten and modified wheat starch in surimi gel were also examined to evaluate their effects of textural properties on surimi gel. The addition of wheat gluten reduced the gel strength of surimi, but after freeze-thaw cycle it significantly improved freeze-thaw stability by reducing freexe-thaw expressible moisture and also by preventing rubbery texture development, Gluten-1 incorporated surimi gel showed higher functionality in forming cohesive gel determined by compressive and penetration force as wall as expressible moisture after freeze-thaw cycle. Surimi gel containing modified wheat starch showed better freeze-thaw stability that of modified potato starch. When a preblended mixture of wheat gluten and starch are incorporated into surimi gel, it made gel texture significantly softer as so in high sensory score. The compertition for moisture between gluten and starch is a main reason to show different way of textural modification.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2018

Strength of loess that experienced cyclic freeze and thaw is of great significance for evaluating stability of slopes and foundations in loess regions. This paper takes the frequently encountered loess in the Northwestern China as the study object and carried out three kinds of laboratory tests including freeze-thaw test, direct shear test and SEM test to investigate the strength behaviors of loess after cyclic freeze and thaw, and the correlation with meso-level changes in soil structure. Results show that for loess specimens at four dry densities, the cohesion decreases with freeze-thaw cycles until a residual value is reached and thus an exponential equation is proposed. Besides, little change in the angle of internal friction was observed as freeze-thaw proceeds. This may depend on the varying of soil structure, based on which a clue can be found from the surface morphology and mesoscopic scanning of loess specimens. Clearly we observed significant changes in surface morphology of loess and it tends to aggravate at higher water contents or more cycles of freeze and thaw. Moreover, freeze-thaw cycling leads to obvious changes in the meso-structure of loess including lowering the particle aggregates and increasing both the proportion of fine particles and porosity area ratio. A damage variable dependent on the ratio of porosity area is introduced based on the continuum damage mechanics and its correlation with cohesion is discussed.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2014

찹쌀 전분과 검(XAT, LBG, 및 XAT:LBG) 혼합물의 페이스팅 특성과 이들 페이스트의 점탄특성 및 냉해동 안정성을 조사하여 일반 쌀 전분(20% 수준의 아밀로오스 함유)의 물성을 대체할 수 있으며 낮은 냉해동 안정성을 개선할 수 있는 찹쌀 전분-검 혼합물의 조성을 제시하고자 하였다. 찹쌀 전분은 검(XAT 및 LBG) 및 검 혼합물(XAT:LBG)에 의해 건조중량 대비 19:1의 비율로 대체하여(총 고형분 함량 5%, w/w) 페이스팅 점도 특성을 조사하였을 때 찹쌀 전분-검 혼합물 내의 XAT 농도가 낮아질수록 찹쌀 전분의 페이스팅 온도에 근접하였다. 최고점도는 찹쌀 전분-XAT 혼합물에서 가장 낮았으며 XAT와 LBG를 75:25의 비율의 검 혼합물로 찹쌀 전분을 대체하였을 때(X075L025)가 가장 높았다. 또한 찹쌀 전분-XAT:LBG의 최고점도에서 최종점도 사이의 온도 프로파일 범위에서 찹쌀 전분만을 이용하였을 때보다 높은 수준의 페이스팅 점도를 나타내었다. 찹쌀 전분-검 혼합물 페이스트의 점탄특성은 찹쌀 전분-XAT:LBG (X050L050 및 X025L050) 페이스트들에 한해 5 rad/s의 높은 진동수에서 일반 쌀 전분 페이스트의 저장탄성률과 유사해졌다. 손실탄성률은 모든 찹쌀 전분-검 혼합물 페이스틀이 찹쌀 전분과 일반 쌀 전분들 보다 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 냉해동 안정성과 관련하여 일반 쌀 전분 페이스트에 비해 찹쌀 전분 및 찹쌀 전분-검 혼합물들이 높은 냉해동 안정성을 나타내었다. 이 중 찹쌀 전분-XAT와 찹쌀 전분-XAT:LBG (X075L025)가 7회의 냉해동 순환처리에도 syneresis 현상이 관찰되지 않았다. 모든 결과들을 고려할 때 일반 쌀 전분을 대체할 수 있는 찹쌀 전분-검 혼합물은 XAT와 LBG를 건조중량 비율로 50:50으로 혼합한 검 혼합물을 찹쌀 전분의 건조중량의 5% 수준으로 대체하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.65-77
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• 1999

A portland cement was reinforced by incorporating carbon fiber(CF), silica powder, and impregnating the pores with styrene monomers which were polymerized in situ. The effects of type, length, and volume loading of CF, mixing conditions, curing time and, curing conditions on mechanical behavior as well as freeze-thaw resistance and longer term stability of the carbon-fiber reinforced cement composites (CFRC) were investigated. The composite Paste exhibited a decrease in flow values linearly as the CF volume loadings increased. Tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths all generally increased as the CF loadings in the composite increased. Compressive strength decreased at CF loadings above approx. 3% in CFRC having no impregnated polymers due to the increase in porosity caused by the fibers. However, the polymer impregnation of CFRC improved all the strength values as compared with CFRC having no Polymer impregnation. Tensile stress-strain curves showed that polymer impregnation decreased the fracture energy of CFRC. Polymer impregnation clearly showed improvements in freeze-thaw resistance and drying shrinkage when compared with CFRC having no impregnated polymers.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.991-995
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• 2009

As a principle ingredient in omija-eui, the physicochemical properties of mung bean starch (MBS) paste were investigated and compared to those of rice and corn starch. The amylose and the protein content of MBS were higher than those of rice or corn starch while the total sugar content and the swelling power of MBS were lower. In addition, the clarity of MBS paste was higher than either rice or corn starch paste. Regarding pasting properties, the peak viscosity and cool paste viscosity of MBS were higher than those of either rice or corn starch. During the freeze-thaw cycle, MBS exhibited higher degree of syneresis than corn and rice starch, which decreased with high starch concentration and heating temperature. The paste properties and freeze-thaw stability of MBS showed a potential for improving the quality of omija-eui.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.655-662
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• 2003

Slope stability is an important issue ill civil engineering works or in open pit mines where both economy and efficiency is required. These are the long-term stability problems which depend on the change of physical properties under a certain weather condition. These can also result in progress of weathering which can change mechanical or hydro-geological properties of rock mass considerably. In this study, weathering in nature was simulated by freeze-thaw test and Soxhlet test which represent mechanical and chemical weathering respectively. Measured were elastic wave velocities, absorption rate, volume change. Uniaxial compression strengths before and after the weathering tests were also measured. The change in weight and volume of the specimens were not clearly related to the weathering process, but P, S wave velocities were clearly decreased as weathering progresses. For some class of rocks, P-wave velocity was increased probably because of the saturation due to improved connectivity of the pre-existing pores. Based on the test results, stability of the slopes were analyzed using FLAC$\^$2D/. Due to the reduced strength parameters, the factors of safety were decreased for the selected sites.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2011

각기 다른 치환도를 가진 초산 고구마전분 페이스트의 유동특성 및 투과도 그리고, 이들 전분 겔의 냉.해동안정성 및 강도가 치환도의 함수로 분석되었다. 유동특성 측정 결과 power law 모델식과 Casson 모델식에 잘 적용되었으며, 높은 shear-thinning 거동을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특정한 온도 범위($25{\sim}70^{\circ}C$)에서 전분 페이스트의 겉보기 점도($\eta_{a,100}$)의 온도 의존성은 Arrhenius 모델식에 잘 적용되었으며 초산 고구마전분이 천연전분에 비해 더 낮은 온도 의존성을 나타내었다. 전분 페이스트 이수현상 측정에서는 초산화에 의해 이수현상이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 치환도가 증가할수록 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 겔 강도 측정에서도 초산화에 의해 겔 강도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 치환도가 증가할수록 겔 강도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 페이스트 투과도(% T) 측정에서 초산전분은 천연전분 보다 투과도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.626-631
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• 1993

쑥의 첨가로 물결합능력, 팽윤력, 용해도는 모두 증가 하였으며 이는 쑥의 이런 성질이 쌀가루보다 크기 때문이었다. 쑥의 첨가로 페이스트의 점도는 상승하였으나, 저장중($25^{\circ}C,\;4^{\circ}C$에서 7일)에는 페이스트와 쑥첨가 페이스트의 점도가 모두 뚜렷하게 변하지 않았다. 겔은 쑥첨가로 더 단단해졌으며 저장중 경도는 쌀가루 겔과 쑥첨가겔이 모두 크게 증가하였고 특히 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우 심하였다. Glucoamylase에 의한 가수분해 방법으로 측정한 페이스트와 겔의 저장중의 호화도는 제조직 후의 $94{\sim}100%$에서 7일 저장 후 $92{\sim}98%$로 감소하였다. 쌀가루 겔의 냉동-해동시 안정성은 쑥에 의해 영향을 별로 받지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1230-1236
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• 2009

Optimum conditions for the freeze-thaw stability (FTS) of mung bean starch (MBS) paste as a main ingredient in omija-eui were investigated. For the optimization of the paste preparation condition, the FTS of MBS prepared by boiling in a shaking water bath (BMSW) or by pressure-cooking in an autoclave (PCMA) were analyzed using a response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, the effects of various additives such as gums, sugars, and emulsifier were evaluated on the FTS of MBS paste prepared under optimal conditions. The predicted maximal FTS of MBS paste prepared by the PCMA method (73%) was higher than that of the paste prepared by the BMSW method (36%). In case of additives, gellan gum and sodium alginate effectively prevented the syneresis of MBS paste in the BMSW method and in the PCMA method, respectively. The use of a fructose fatty acid ester as an emulsifier decreased syneresis in a dose-dependent, while the addition of sugars accelerated syneresis. Consequently, MBS paste for omija-eui preparation may be efficiently prepared by adding sodium alginate and fructose fatty acid ester under the optimal conditions of 4.3% MBS content, $121^{\circ}C$ heating temperature, and $89^{\circ}C$ cooling temperature by pressure-cooking in an autoclave.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권6호통권90호
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• pp.942-949
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• 2005

쌀전분겔의 매트릭스와 구조를 안정화하고 텍스쳐 특성을 개선하기 위하여 멥쌀전분에 다양한 검물질을 혼합하여 겔을 제조하여 형태적, 텍스쳐 특성, 냉동-해동 안정성을 비교하였다. 검물질을 첨가하면 종류에 따라 다르나 쌀전분겔을 조밀하고 균일하여 안정된 매트릭스 갖게 할 수 있었으며 겔란검과 알긴이 효과적이었다. 쌀전분/검질 혼합 겔의 텍스쳐 특성도 검질에 따라 달랐으며 겔란검은 단단하고 알긴은 부드러운 겔을 형성하였다. X-선 회절도에 의하면 쌀전분겔은 V형의 결정형을 나타내며 검을 첨가하였을 때 $2\theta$ = $20^{o}$의 피크가 낮아졌다. 냉동-해동 안정성도 검물질을 혼합하였을 때 증가하였으며 겔란검과 알긴을 첨가한 쌀전분겔이 바람직 하였다.