• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1723-1728
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• 2007

Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), a type of red raspberry, grows wild in Korea and China and its unripe fruit is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of impotence and as a diuretic. RCM was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into for different types. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a RCM extract (ext.) and its fraction (fr.). DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay, total polyphenols contents, total flavonoids contents assay were used to analyze antioxidant activity. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity $(RC_{50}:1.67{\mu}g/ml)$ and total polyphenols contents $(546.25{\mu}g/mg)$ were higher in butanol fraction than in other fr. And total flavonoids contents was higher in ethylacetate fr. $(141.78{\mu}g/mg)$. We applied comet assay to measure the DNA damage in the individual cells and exposed time course at $IC_{50}$. Comet assay is a rapid and sensitive fluorescent microscopic method to examine DNA damage and repair at individual cell level. The butanol fro from RCM significantly induced 54.12%, 57.95% of DNA damage after treated RCM for 8 hr. In conclus

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 1999

Fumonisin B1 is a secondary metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme, a contaminant of corn and corn product. Fumonisin B1 has been shown to be responsible for major toxicological effects of the fungus in rats, horses, and pigs. Fumonisin B1 induced λ DNA fragmentation, which was increased with incubation time, reducing agent NADPH and metal ion (Cu2+). The DNA damage was inhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or mannitol as radical scavenger for free radicals. DNA fragmentation, induced by fumonisin B1 in the presence of 1 mM NADPH and 0.1 mM CuCl2, was inhibited by 100 mM DMSO. By the in vitro reaction of fumonisin B1 with supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA, plasmid DNA was relaxed, eventually linearized in the agarose gel electrphoresis. From rifampicin sensitive E. coli CSH138 in bacterial mutagenesis system, the rifampicin resistant E. coli mutants were obtained by fumonisin B1. These results suggest that fumonisin B1 may be a possible environmental mutagen in bacterial mutagen assay system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2001

The spontaneous frequency of genetic damage and the possible relationship of this damage to total radical-trapping antioxidant potential(TRAP) and antioxidant vitamins, including plasma levels of $\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, cryptoxanthin, retinol, $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol in humans were investigated in 57 subjects using two indices of genetic damage, SCE & HFC frequency. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were weakly correlated with plasma TRAP(r=-0.305, p<0.1 for SCEs: r=-0.297, p<0.1 for HFCs, respectively), but those were strongly negatively correlated with plasma $\beta$-carotence(r=-0.385, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=-0.392, p<0.01 for HFCs) and cryptoxanthin(r=-0.312, p<0.05 for SCEs : r=0.335, p<0.05 for HFCs, respectively) levels in the subjects. However, those DNA damage markers including SCE and HFC did not correlate with either plasma $\alpha$-carotene, $\alpha$-tocopherol or retinol concentrations. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were positively correlated with plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol level(r=0.421, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=0.399, p<0.01 for HFCs, respectively). These findings indicate that increased cytogenetic DNA changes, as determined by SCE and HFC frequencies are possibly associated with generation of free radicals in lymphocytes and decreased plasma antioxidant vitamin($\beta$-carotene and cryptoxanthin) status in the subjects. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 401~08, 2001)

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2006

Oxidative alteration of mitochondrial cytochrome c has been linked to disease and is one of the causes of proapoptotic events. We have investigated the modification of cytochrome c by $H_2O_2$. When cytochrome c was incubated with $H_2O_2$, oligomerization of the protein increased and the formation of carbonyl derivatives and dityrosine was stimulated. Radical scavengers prevented these effects suggesting that free radicals are implicated in the $H_2O_2$-mediated oligomerization. Oligomerization was significantly inhibited by the iron chelator, deferoxamine. During incubation of deoxyribose with cytochrome c and $H_2O_2$, damage to the deoxyribose occurred in parallel with the release of iron from cytochrome c. When cytochrome c that had been exposed to $H_2O_2$ was analyzed by amino acid analysis, the tyrosine, histidine and methionine residues proved to be particularly sensitive. These results suggest that $H_2O_2$-mediated cytochrome c oligomerization is due to oxidative damage resulting from free radicals generated by a combination of the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c and the Fenton reaction of free iron released from the oxidatively-damaged protein.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.683-687
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• 2010

Previous studies have shown that one of the primary causes of increased iron content in the brain may be the release of excess iron from intracellular iron storage molecules such as ferritin. Free iron generates ROS that cause oxidative cell damage. Carnosine and related compounds such as endogenous histidine dipetides have antioxidant activities. We have investigated the protective effects of carnosine and homocarnosine against oxidative damage of DNA induced by reaction of ferritin with $H_2O_2$. The results show that carnosine and homocarnosine prevented ferritin/$H_2O_2$-mediated DNA strand breakage. These compounds effectively inhibited ferritin/$H_2O_2$-mediated hydroxyl radical generation and decreased the mutagenicity of DNA induced by the ferritin/$H_2O_2$ reaction. Our results suggest that carnosine and related compounds might have antioxidant effects on DNA under pathophysiological conditions leading to degenerative damage such as neurodegenerative disorders.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenarnide), a major pungent component of hot pepper, is known to exert antioxidative properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of capsaicin against chemical carcinogen-induced oxidative damage in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighting 230~250 g were treated with chemical carcinogens such as 2-nitropropane (2NP) or n-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) after (or before) the administration of capsaicin at doses of 0.5, 1,5 mg/kg. The level of lipid peroxidation in rat liver was estimated by measuring the amounts of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The degree of oxidative DNA damage was evacuated by measuring a DNA adduct, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in urine. Antioxidative activities of capsaicin and its metabolites in vitro were determined by the measurement of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), a radical quencher. Significant inhibition of 2-NP induced lipid peroxidation was observed in the liver of the rat when treated with capsaicin. MNNG-induced urinary excretion of 8-OHdG was decreased by capsaicin treatment. Capsaicin and its metabolites inhibited net only the formation of free radicals, but also lipid peroxidation in vitro. Our results show that capsaicin may function as a free radical scavenger against chemical carcinogen-induced oxidative cellular damage in vivo. The observed antioxidative activities of capsaicin may play an important role in the process of chemoprevention.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.229-239
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• 1997

The superoxide anion radical$(O_2)$ poses a threat to macromocules and cell organelles of the living cells. This toxicity damage to all groups of proteins results in loss of enzyme function concerned with metabolism and ion transport, and peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol results in a change of permeability characteristics of the membrane, and oxidative of nucleic acids results in genomic damage and thereby cause mutation, potential carcinogenesis and somatic damage that produce cellular aging Superoxide dismutase(SOD) has received substantial attention as a potential therapeutic agent. It has been investigated as a possible agent for the prevention of ontogenesis, the reduction of cytotoxic effect of anticancer drugs, and protection against damage in ischemic tissue. It is suggest that $O_2$ is concerned with cellular aging, thereafter we need to investigate herb that activated to SOD.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.625-629
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• 2011

To investigate the protective effect of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its active compound, delphinidin, we used in vitro and cellular system. The active fraction from eggplant, BuOH fraction, showed protective effect from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in WI-38 fibroblast cells. It suggests that eggplant would have the protective activity from radical-induced oxidative damage and its BuOH fraction would play the crucial role with antioxidative activity. In addition, delphinidin, the active compound from eggplant, exerted the strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect with $IC_{50}$ value of 6.59 ${\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, the cellular oxidative stress was induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in LLC-$PK_1$ cells, while treatment of delphinidin atteunated AAPH-induced oxidative stress as dose-dependent manner. The present study suggests the antioxidative activity of eggplant and delphinidin against free radical-induced oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.511-514
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• 2012

In this study, the comparison of antioxidative effect of the methanol (MeOH) extracts from grains were investigated in vitro radical scavenging system. Ten grains (black rice, rice, barley, wheat, millet, sorghum, glutinous millet, buckwheat, phellines linteus rice and brown rice) were extracted with MeOH. Among the MeOH extracts of grains, sorghum and black rice showed effective scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The $IC_{50}$ values of sorghum and black rice were $47.4{\mu}g/mL$ and $50.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, black rice also exerted the strongest activities on hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) scavenging activity. Furthermore, the MeOH extracts of black rice showed effective and dose dependant scavenging activities of DPPH radical and ${\cdot}OH$. These results indicated that black rice showed strong free radical scavenging activity. It suggested that black rice could be a promising natural antioxidant against free radical-induced oxidative damage.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2013

Bromotopsentin (BSM) is a bisindole alkaloid compound, which is recognized as a metabolite of the marine sponge Spongosorites sp. In this study, the antioxidant activity of BSM was investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, the superoxide radical scavenging (NBT) assay, the lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of BSM. It was found that BSM had stronger scavenging activity on the stable free radical DPPH and superoxide radical than L-ascorbic acid with an $IC_{50}$ value of 62 and 64 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The TEAC value which indicated the total antioxidant capacity of BSM was about 0.8, which was also stronger than L-ascorbic acid. About 1.3 ${\mu}M$ of BSM induced 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 60 nM of BSM exhibited a significant protective activity against DNA strand scission by hydroxyl radical on pBR322 DNA. Taken together, we suggest that BSM possesses strong antioxidant activity, and could be a valuable new addition to the list of anti-aging chemotherapeutic agents.