• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2001

We introduce the new concepts of some fuzzy continuous and closed mappings and study their properties. Also we investigate the properties of fuzzy mildly normal spaces.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.983-986
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• 2004

배경: 원발성 자연기흉의 흉관삽입술의 적응증에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지만, 어떤 크기의 흉관을 삽입할 것인가에 대해서는 특별한 지침이 없는 것으로 생각된다. 한편 최근에는 여러 가지 수술 수기에 대한 보다 최소한의 침습적인 치료방법들이 다양하게 소개되고 연구되는 경향이 있다. 본 교실에서는 이러한 추세에 따라 원발성 자연기흉의 흉관삽입슬에 있어서 기존의 24 Fr. 흉관을 12 Fr. 흉관으로 대신해 새로운 치료 지침에 따른 효용성을 확인하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 원발성 자연기흉으로 진단 받고 흉관삽입술을 시행한 30세 이하의 환자를 대상으로, 2003년 1월부터 2003년 5월까지 24 Fr.흥관삽입술을 시행받은 환자 19예는 A군, 2003년 11월부터 2004년 4월까지 12 Fr.흉관삽입술을 시행받은 환자 20예는 B군으로 각각 분류하여 흉관삽입 시술시간, 흉관 거치기간, 재원일수, 합병증, 수술여부, 재발여부를 후향적인 방법으로 비교 조사하였다. 결과: 두 군 간의 남녀 비는 A군은 16 : 3, B군은 18 : 2였고, 나이는 A군은 21.7$\pm$4.0세, B군은 20.0$\pm$3.7세 였다. 흉관삽입 시술시간은 A군은 21.6$\pm$2.9분, B군은 10.8$\pm$1.9분으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 흉관 거치기간은 A군은 3.8$\pm$1.7일, B군은 4.3$\pm$2.2일이었으며, 재원일수는 A군은 5.6$\pm$9일, B군은 5.2$\pm$1.5일이었다. 흉관 삽입술에 따른 합병증은 두 군에서 모두 없었으며, 기흉의 재발과 지속적인 공기 누출로 수술을 시행 받은 환자는 A군은 6예(35%), B군은 5예(25%)였다. 결과적으로 흉관삽입 시술 시간을 제외하고는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 원발성 자연기흉의 흉관삽입술시 12 Fr. 흉관으로도 24 Fr. 흉관과 비교하여 효용성에 차이가 없다는 점과, 보다 시술이 쉽고 용이하여 시술 시간을 단축할 수 있는 장점이 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.251-254
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• 2001

In this paper, we analyzed the properties change of electric wire when the thermal stress was applied to NFR-8 and FR-PVC 600[V] wire. Messurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating with in a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. Referenced documents were ASTM E662 standard test method for specific Ds genalated by solid materials. The furnace control system shall maintain the required irradiance level under steady-state condition with the chamber door closed of $2.5{\pm}0.04[w/cm^{2}]$ for 20 min. According to the results of the smoke density analysis of NFR-8 and FR-PVC the highest decomposition flaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 25.2 to 37.5 and 51.1 respectively. Nonflaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 100.4 to 112.2 and 126.5 to 398.8. The amount of carbon monoxide generated was found to be much higher in FR-PVC decomposition than in NFR-8 due to incomplete combustion of FR-PVC which has high content of carbon in compound.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.251-254
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• 2001

In this paper, we analysed the properties change of electric wire when the thermal stress was applied to NFR-8 and FR-PVC [600] wire. Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating with in a closed chamber due to nonflamining pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. Referenced documents were ASTM E662 standard test method for specific Ds generated by solid materials. The furnace control system shall maintain the required irradiance level under steady-state condition with the chamber door closed of 2.5${\pm}$0.04[w/$\textrm{cm}^2$] for 20 min. According to the results of the smoke density analysis of NFR-8 and FR-PVC the highest decomposition flaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 7.2 to 77.5 and 51.1 respectively. Nonflaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 100.4 to 112.2 and 126.5 to 398.8. The amount of carbon monoxide generated was found to be much higher in FR-PVC decomposition than in NFR-8 due to incomp1ete combustion of FR-PVC which has high content of carbon in compound.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2007

In this paper, we study on C-closed spaces, SC-closed spaces and related spaces. We show that a sequentially compact SC-closed space is sequential and as corollaries obtain that a sequentially compact space with unique sequential limits is sequential if and only if it is C-closed [7, 1.19 Proposition] and every sequentially compact SC-closed space is C-closed. We also show that a countably compact WAP and C-closed space is sequential and obtain that a countably compact (or compact or sequentially compact) WAP-space with unique sequential limits is sequential if and only if it is C-closed as a corollary. Finally we prove that a weakly discretely generated AP-space is C-closed. We then obtain that every countably compact (or compact or sequentially compact) weakly discretely generated AP-space is $Fr\acute{e}chet$-Urysohn with unique sequential limits, for weakly discretely generated AP-spaces, unique sequential limits ${\equiv}KC{\equiv}C-closed{\equiv}SC-closed$, and every continuous surjective function from a countably compact (or compact or sequentially compact) space onto a weakly discretely generated AP-space is closed as corollaries.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce closure operators [${\cdot}$]c and [${\cdot}$]a on a space and study some relations among [${\cdot}$]c, [${\cdot}$]a and countable tightness. We introduce the concepts of a strongly sequentially closed set and a strongly sequentially open set and show that a space X has countable tightness if and only if every strongly sequentially closed set is closed if and only if every strongly sequentially open set is open. Finally we find a generalization of the weak Fr$\'{e}$chet-Urysohn property which is equivalent to countable tightness.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2008

To assess the relationship between Cd fraction in paddy soils and Cd in polished rice, soils and rice were analyzed at the 3 Cd contaminated paddy fields near closed mines. Major Cd fractions of A field were organically bound (62.6%) and Fe-Mn oxide bound (25.3%) forms. In case of B field, major Cd fractions of B1 field were carbonate bound (46.3%) and Fe-Mn oxide bound (31.6%) form whereas B2 field were residual (54.3%) and carbonate bound (21.8%) form, respectively. It showed a huge difference of Cd fraction each other. 0.1M HCl extractable Cd in soil was positively correlated with Cd in rice. Specially, the ratios of 0.1M HCl extractable Cd against total Cd content in soils were 13.7%, 2.6%, and 0.45% in A, B1, and B2 fields, respectively. These ratio were largely affected with Cd uptake to rice grain. Also, exchangable, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and carbonate bound form, which are partially bioavailable Cd fraction to the plant, were positively correlated with Cd in rice while organically bound and residual form was not correlated. Multiple regression equation was developed with Rice Cd = -0.02861 + 0.07456 FR 1(exchangeable) + 0.00252 FR 2(carbonate bound) + 0.001075 FR 3(Fe Mn oxide bound) - 0.00095 FR 4(organically bound) - 0.00348 FR 5(residual) ($R^2=0.7893^{***}$) considering Cd fraction in soils.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the effects of the fascial distortion model (FDM), foam rolling (FR), and self-stretching (SS) on the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). Methods: Thirty subjects who had no more than 30° of ankle dorsiflexion ROM at the weight-bearing lunge test were recruited in this study. They were divided into three groups: (FDM, FR, and SS), and underwent each intervention for five minutes. Before and after the intervention, the ankle dorsiflexion ROM in the supine (the open-) and standing (the closed-kinetic chain) of the subjects were tested. The changes in the ROM between pre- and post-intervention and among the groups were analyzed. Results: All groups showed increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM after the intervention in both positions. In the position of the open kinetic chain, the changes in the ROM between pre- and post-intervention had significant differences among the groups, and the FDM was higher than the FR and SS. In the position of the closed kinetic chain, the ROM after the interventions and the changes in the ROM had significant differences among the groups, and FDM was higher than the FR (ROM after the intervention, the change in ROM) and SS (the change in ROM). Conclusion: These findings showed that FDM had more efficiency than the FR and SS as FDM had a stronger effect on increasing ankle dorsiflexion in a short, limited time. Clinicians who have limited time to treat their patients, particularly trying to increase ankle dorsiflexion ROM, should consider the application of FDM.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2011

순환식 수경재배에서 배액의 EC, 부피, 관수량은 재사용 양액의 혼합비율을 결정하는 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 적산 일사량 제어법으로 관수할 경우 일일 관수량의 예측은 곤란하며 일반적으로 고정된 혼합비율을 사용한다. 이 경우 새 양액이 고정적으로 투입되어 양분의 조정 효과가 기대되지만, 때때로 배액의 강제배출을 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 적산 일사량 제어법으로 관수하는 순환식 수경재배 조건에서 배액의 혼합비를 고정한 처리구(FR)와 정해진 혼합 용량 내에서 배액의 부피와 EC에 따라 혼합비를 변경하는 처리구(MR)의 재사용 양액 내 양분 조정효과를 비교하여 양수분 이용효율이 높은 혼합방식의 규명에 기여하고자 수행하였다. 배액의 농도 변화를 비교하기 위한 대조구로는 비순환식 수경재배 처리구(OP)를 구성하였다. FR처리구의 배액 혼합 비율은 배액의 희석 EC를 각각1.0, $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 설정하여 혼합처리를 적용하였다. MR 처리구의 경우는 혼합 용량을 1회 관수량을 기준으로 배액의 EC와 부피에 따라 혼합비율이 변경되도록 하였다. 배액의 누적 현상은 FR 1.0 처리구에서 관찰되었으며, FR 2.0과 MR 처리구에서는 배액 누적현상이 나타나지는 않았으나 MR 처리구의 배액 저장량이 FR 2.0 처리구에 비해서 낮게 나타났다. 배액과 재사용 양액 내 $Mg^{2+}:K^+:Ca^{2+}$와 $SO^{2-}_4:NO^-_3:PO^{3-}_4$의 당량 농도 간 비율 변화는 FR, MR 처리구에서 초기비율 대비 비교적 좁은 변화 범위를 나타냈다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce a new property of a topological space which is weaker than sequential compactness and give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a $Fr{\acute{e}}chet$-Urysohn space with the property to be sequentially compact.