• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

농산물 중 bifenazate의 잔류 실태를 조사하기 위하여 HPLC를 사용한 분석법을 개선하였고, LC/MS 분석법을 확립하였다. 개선된 분석법에 대한 직선성과 재현성에 대한 검증을 수행한 결과 bifenazate 0.05~2.5 mg/kg 범위에서 상관계수는 1.0이었고, 정량한계(LOQ)는 0.01 mg/kg이었다. 회수율은 현미(곡류), 강낭콩(콩류), 오렌지(과실류), 들깻잎(채소류), 표고버섯(버섯류)에 대해 0.1 mg/kg 수준에서 82.7~104.1%였고, 0.5 mg/kg에서는 73.1~104.3%였다. 또한 회수율에 대한 상대표준편차(n=3)는 0.2~9.7%였다. 전국 22개 지역에서 수거한 농산물 16품목(쌀, 조, 메밀, 강낭콩, 땅콩, 참깨, 오렌지, 자몽, 키위, 시금치, 들깻잎, 부추, 마늘쫑, 마늘, 생강, 표고버섯) 304건을 대상으로 bifenazate의 잔류량을 조사한 결과 모든 농산물에서 검출되지 않았다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1157-1167
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• 2014

잡곡은 대사성 질환의 예방과 치료에 우수한 기능성 식품소재로 인식되고 있다. 국내산 잡곡들(기장, 황금찰수수, 노랑차조, 율무 및 식용피)을 대상으로 항염증 활성을 비교조사하고자, 이들 잡곡의 80% 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포주 RAW264.7을 지질다당류(LPS)로 자극할 때 생성되는 염증 매개인자인 산화질소(NO)의 생성에 미치는 저해능을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 식용피(Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea) 유래의 에탄올 추출물이 LPS에 의해 유도되는 NO의 생성을 저해하는 항염증 활성에 있어서 가장 우수함을 확인하였다. 식용피의 에탄올 추출물로부터 항염증 관련 성분을 규명하기 위해, 80%에탄올 추출물을 물에 녹인 후 n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH)과 물 분획들로 단계별 분획하고, 각 분획의 항염증 활성을 조사하였다. RAW264.7 세포에 MC 분획($100{\mu}g/ml$)을 전처리하였을 때, LPS처리에 의해 유도되는 iNOS, COX-2, 그리고 친염증성 사이토카인들(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, 및 TNF-${\alpha}$)의 발현이 현저하게 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, LPS처리에 의해 유도되는 p38MAPK, JNK 및 ERK의 활성화의 경우도 MC 분획에 의해 농도-의존적으로 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. HPLC분석을 통해, 식용피 유래 MC 분획의 항염증 활성은 식용피의 MC 분획 속의 주요성분인 kaempferol과 biochanin A에 기인함을 확인하였다. 이상의 연구 결과는 식용피 및 식용피의 MC 분획이 염증성 질환과 이와 관련된 대사성 질환의 예방과 예후개선에 유리한 기능성 식품소재 개발에 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1170-1179
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• 1997

This study was designed to determine blood glucose responses to some cereals produced in Korea. The levels of blood glucose were measured over 2 hours after feeding healthy vounteers with 50g carbohydrate portions. The glycemic index(GI)k and glycemic index-rice(GI-rice) of a food has been defined as : GI=mean of (blood glucose response area of test food/ blood glucose response area of glucose taken by the same indicidual) $\times$100 and GI-rice=mean of (blood glucose response area of test food/blood glucose response area of rice taken by the same individual) $\times$100. The area under the curve is taken to be the area above the fasting value calculated geometrically from blood glucose increments. The GI of barely to glucose as the standard(57$\pm$7) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of other cereals whereas the GI of glutinous rice (110$\pm$8) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other those of cereals. The GI values to rice as the standard were 63 $\pm$6 for barley, 79$\pm$5 for buckwheat, 85$\pm$6 for foxtail millet, 90$\pm$12 for unpolished rice, 100$\pm$0 for rice, 102$\pm$7 for glutinous rice, 106 $\pm$6 for unpolished glutinous rice, 115$\pm$13 for glutinous millet, 116$\pm$13 fro job's tear, and 122 $\pm$ 4 glutinous sorghum. The mean GI-rice was identical to the mean of the adjusted GI values, with a correlation coefficient of r=0.964(p<0.0001). This finding suggests that white rice could be used as standard food for the determination of GI.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.360-378
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• 1998

Imwonshibyukji was a copying manuscript written around 1825, the 27th year of king Soonjo of the Josun Dynasty. It was a massive home encyclopedia of total 52 books and 100 volumes. The unpublished 'Jeongjoji' of its 17-20th volumes analyzed the cooking methods on the steamed rice and gruel and studied the degree of their usefulness and medical values in the light of the cooking process science. The cooking method on the steamed rice was composed of 14 items, and the general introduction outlined 6 kinds of the rice. These were all quoted from Chinese literatures. The 11 items present the methods on the general production of the rice, 2 on the cooking process, and 1 on the preservation. The main material of the rice was rice, and others were naked barley, prosomillet, foxtail millet, glutinous millet, etc. , and the secondary materials were glutinous rice, small red bean, black soybean, potato, bamboo seed, jujube, taro, gaertner, chestnut powder, persimmon power, julib(Zizania caduciflora), mangcho(Erigeron canadensis), namchok(Nandina domestica), licorice root, nitrous, peach, palmicha(schizandra, jinseng, cheonmoondong(Asparagus), and honey are mixed), etc. The literatures quoted in the rice were all 33, in which 23 were Chinese (69.7%) and 10 were Korean (30.3%). In the case of gruel, the cooking methods on the general gruel were described in 41 items, and on the gruel for a medical treatment were in 48 items, in which there was not a cooking method on the gruel but only its medical values were presented. The materials used for the general gruel were approximately 60 kinds: rice, glutinous rice, munbean, job's tears, rye, soybean, black sesame seed, antler of cervidae, chicken, crucian carp, and various medical materials, etc. The gruel was mainly used for protection and medical treatment, and partly for food for hungry people. The literatures quoted in the gruel were total 57, in which 26 were Korean(45.6%), and 31 were Chinese (54.4%). It can be their characteristics that Almost all of the Chinese literatures on the methods of the steamed rice and gruel do not exist.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.137-141
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• 1985

6종의 찰곡류, 즉 찰벼(한강 및 올찰), 찰보리, 차조, 찰수수, 찰옥수수 및 율무에서 전분을 분리하여 그들의 몇가지 이화학적 특성에 관하여 분석 비교하였다. 1. 광학현미경으로 살펴본 전분입자의 크기는 $4.2{\sim}19.0{\mu}$의 범위로서 올찰 4.2, 한강 4.3. 찰보리 14.8, 율무 12.0. 차조 9.6, 찰수수 19.0, 찰옥수수 $13.0{\mu}$이었다. 2. X-선 회절에 의한 결정구조는 A-type이었다. 3. Blue value는 $0.02{\sim}0.08$의 범위였다. 4. Amylopectin분자의 1 segment당 D-glucose 평균 중합도는 $21{\sim}23$이었다. 5. 팽화력은 $180{\sim}280$의 범위로서 차조, 찰보리가 낮은 편이고, 율무, 찰수수, 올찰, 한강 등은 높은 편이다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2005

찹쌀, 찰율무, 찰보리, 차조, 찰기장, 차수수 등의 전분질 원료가 다른 잡곡으로 재래식 고추장을 제조 한 후 경과기간에 따른 이화학적 특성의 변화를 규명하기 위하여 120일간 자연 숙성시키면서 고추장의 품질변화를 측정하였다. 숙성기간에 따라 수분활성도, pH, 아미노태 질소, 색도, 관능검사(점도, 색, 냄새, 맛) 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분활성도의 경우 모두 담금 초기 $0.72{\sim}0.82$ 정도로 찰보리고추장이 가장 낮았고, 차수수고추장이 가장 높았으며, 숙성 120일까지 서서히 감소하여 $0.49{\sim}0.50$에 도달하였다. 2. 고추장의 pH는 담금 초기에 $4.94{\sim}5.02$였으며 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 감소하여 pH $4.32{\sim}4.37$으로 낮아졌다. 3. 고추장의 아미노태질소 함량은 담금 초기엔 $330.9{\sim}340.7\;mg%$로 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 숙성기간으로 보면 찹쌀고추장은 숙성 90일, 찰율무 고추장은 숙성 105일, 찰보리고추장과 찰기장 고추장은 숙성 75일, 차수수 고추장과 차조 고추장은 숙성 60일 후 $351{\sim}381\;mg%$의 최고치를 보였다. 4. 고추장의 색도는 숙성 중 lightness, redness 및 yellowness가 모두 감소하였는데 찰보리고추장이 다른 고추장에 비해서 가장 색도면에서 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 관능건사 결과 점도에서만 찰보리고추장과 다른 고추장 사이에 유의차가 있었고, 색, 향기, 맛은 유의차가 없어 전체적으로 전분질 원료에 따른 품질의 차이는 없었으며 Hunter a값은 육안으로 판정한 주관적 평가의 순위와 높은 상관관계를 보였다.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1999

Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae is the causal pathogen of several hosts including oats corn foxtail millet wheatgrass sugarcane and rice. The pathogen is a seedborne pathogen of rice and known to occur widely in rice growing countries. The pathogen cause inhibition of germination brown stripe on the leaf curling of the leaf sheath and abnormal elongation of the mesocotyl of irce. Bacterial colonies grow slowly and are convex circular and creamy with tan to brown center. The causal baterium is Gram-negative and rod shape with a single polar flagellum Nonfluorescence poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate accumulation and precipitate formation around the colony on the medium are useful in the differentiation of this bacterium from other subspecies of A. avenae as well as nonfluorescent bacteria pathogenic to rice. This bacterium has belonged to the genus of Psdeudomonas but recently was transferred to the new genus Acidovorax on the basis of bacteriological and molecular biological data. However the difference of biochemical characteristics protein profile of the cell and host range among strains should be more clarified. To develop an effective control strategy for this disease understanding of detailed life cycle of the disease ritical environmental factors affecting disease development on each host and relationship to grain discoloration of rice are prerequisite. Although the affected area has been world-widely reported there is on recent progress on the understanding of the bacteriological and ecological characteristics of the causal bacterium and control means of the disease.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.170-177
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to improve the qualities of Saengsik (substitute meal formulated with uncooked cereal powder) such as functionality, safety and sensory preference by using Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The optimum formulation of fermented Saengsik (substitute meal) was verified as $40\%$ of fermented brown rice, $13\%$ of fermented job tears, $5\%$ of yellow soybean, $5\%$ of waxy rice, $5\%$ of sorghum, $3\%$ of Seumok bean, $1\%$ of sesame, $3\%$ of barley, $2\%$ of red bean, $5\%$ of prosomillet, $2\%$ of foxtail millet, $9%$ of black rice, $3\%$ of buckwheat, $1\%$ of chestnut, $2\%$ of pumpkin, $3\%$ of peanut. Fermented Saengsik decreased significantly serum glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. However, serum lipid levels were not affected by fermented Saengsik. In rats fed with high-fat diet, serum triglyceride level was slightly decreased and the contents of liver triglyceride were significantly decreased by supplementation of fermented Saengsik.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권3호통권93호
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• pp.314-336
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• 2006

In this treatise, we investigated the Korean literature of main dishes before the 17th century : ${\ulcorner}Sangayorock{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Sasichanyocho{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Soowonjabbang{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Yongjechongwha{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Dongyoebogam{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Geebongyouseul{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}New-Guwhangchalyo{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Eumshickdimibang{\lrcorner}$,, ${\ulcorner}joobangmoon{\lrcorner}$, and ${\ulcorner}Yorock{\lrcorner}$. Main dishes were classified 19 kinds of rice, 64 kinds of gruel, 6 kinds of thin gruel, 1 kind of Moori, 1 kind of rice-cake soup, 37 kinds of noodles and 20 kinds of dumpling. Rice varieties were brown rice, rice, hulled rice, millet rice, foxtail millet rice, barley rice, sesame rice and flax seed rice. Gruel ingredients were cereal, beans, vegetables, nuts or seeds, medical plants or hardy wild plants, poultry, pork's kidney, dog's liver or oyster, clam and/or milk Rice-cake soup was 'Tangbyun' in ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$. Noodles were divided by main flours: wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mung bean flour and other flours. Noodles were made by pressing or cutting method. Pressing method used a mold with a hole. The husk of dumpling was made by wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mixed flour of wheat and buckwheat, sliced fish or meat, and/or a gray mullet. Another special method was 'Sangwha' made by fermentation. Bun stuffing of dumpling used fishes, meat, vegetables, beans, flours and seasonings. Cooking methods of dumpling were boiling, baking, steaming and pan-frying. From this investigation of the Korean main dishes described in the Korean literature before the 17th century, we expect to develop useful recipes for those who are concerned about health and want longevity, and thereby to advance the Korean food culture.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.653-667
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• 2018

This study evaluated the quality characteristics, the presence of polyphenolic compounds, and radical scavenging activity of rice cooked along with various mixed grains (barley, black soybean, adzuki beans, foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum, glutinous rice) by following two different cooking methods (normal and pressure cooker). The amylogram and water characteristics of mixed grains showed significant differences based on the presence of different types of mixed grains. The chromaticity, palatability characteristics, presence of phenol compounds, and radical scavenging activity of rice cooked along with different mixed grains showed significant differences according to the nature of mixed grains. Total polyphenol contents of before cooking, cooked-rice added to mixed grains cooked in the normal cooker and a pressure cooker were 4.46~5.16, 0.58~0.93 and 0.65~0.96 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoid contents were 250.74~548.89, 129.26~207.04 and $127.41{\sim}218.15{\mu}g\;CE/g$, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of before cooking, cooked-rice added to mixed grains cooked in the normal cooker and a pressure cooker was 79.25~181.61, 22.07~53.64 and 7.51~39.97 mg TE/100 g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 203.25~328.24, 47.28~84.94 and 58.27~99.51 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Accordingly, it is necessary to different combinations of mixed grains according to the cooking method at home and grain industry.