• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.581-587
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• 2003

This study was designed to examine the effect of icroencapsulated iron fortified drink yogurt and vitamin C as a bioavailable helper of iron on chemical and sensory aspects during 20 d storage. Coating material was polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS), and ferric ammonium sulfate and vit C were selected as core materials. The highest efficiency of microencapsulation of iron and vit C were 73% and 95%, respectively, with 5:1:50 ratio (w/w/v) as coating to core material to distilled water. Iron fortification did not affect the fermentation time required for the drink yogurt to reach pH 4.2. The addition of uncapsulated iron decreased the pH during storage. TBA absorbance was significantly lower in capsulated treatments than in uncapsulated treatments during storage. In sensory aspect, the yogurt sample added with uncapsulated iron and vit C, regardless of capsulation, showed a significantly high score of astringency, compared with those of control and other groups. A significantly strong sourness was observed in treatment containing capsulated iron and uncapsulated vitamin C at every time interval. The present study provides evidence that microencapsulation of iron with PGMS is effective for iron fortification in drink yogurt.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.722-727
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• 2007

Mucilage containing ${\gamma}-polyglutamic$ acid (PGA) was efficiently generated by the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of soybean grit by Bacillus firmus NA-1. B. firmus NA-1 was shown to be a glutamate-dependent strain for PGA production. The SSF of soybean grit was optimized in order to produce mucilage with a fortification of 5% glutamate, resulting in higher levels of mucilage production (6.14%) and a higher consistency index ($1.1\;Pa\;sec^n$). The sticky mucilage was comprised of 38% PGA, 7% levan, and some biopolymers. With regard to the viscoelastic properties of the mucilage solution, the viscous modulus (G") obtained from soybean grit fortified with 5% glutamate was approximately 64 times higher titan that of the mucilage solution obtained without glutamate. Although the addition of glutamate in the SSF of soybean grit influenced the rate of PGA production, the molecular weight of PGA remained unaltered, and was detected in a range between 1,400-1,440 kDa.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding trace mineralsfortified mixed microbial culture (TMC) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolyte status, nitrogen balance, and trace mineral balance in sheep. Methods: Mixed microbes [0.6 % (v/w) of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces sp.] were cultured with 99 % feedstuffs and 0.4 % trace minerals including zinc and copper for ensiling. Six sheep (a mean body weight of $46.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were fed two diets: a control diet (concentrate mix and rye straw) and an experimental diet (a control diet + 3.1 % TMC). Results: TMC feeding did not induce negative effects on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolytes, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Feeding with TMC increased the intake of trace minerals (p < 0.05) and did not affect absorption of trace minerals in the whole digestive tract. Feeding with TMC increased fecal excretion and absorbable intake, and retention of zinc and copper (p < 0.05) by 71 % and 77 %, respectively. Conclusion: Feeding with TMC resulted in higher zinc and copper bioavailability and retention without any adverse effects on sheep performance.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cranberry power on antioxidant defense system in rats fed an atherogenic diet and injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 5 groups: normal diet+saline (NS), atherogenic diet+saline (AS), atherogenic diet+LPS (AL), atherogenic diet with 5% cranberry powder+LPS (AL-C5), and atherogenic diet with 10% cranberry powder+LPS (AL-C10). Total antioxidant status measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) was significantly reduced by LPS injection (24%) and was restored by the cranberry powder treatment (P<0.05). In addition, the mean level of plasma total phenolics was significantly decreased by LPS injection (P<0.05) and tended to be increased when cranberry powder was incorporated in to the diet. Activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) tended to be lowered by LPS injection and declined further in cranberry powder fortified groups. Overall results indicate that dietary cranberry powder may provide appropriate antioxidants to counter the diminished antioxidant status induced by exposing hypercholesterolemic rats to LPS.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2004

Bacillus strains capable of producing fibrinolytic enzyme were isolated from traditional fermented Korean soybean paste and Japanese fermented soybean (Natto). Among the 16 strains, a selected Bacillus sp. was identified as bacillus firmus, with 80.7％ homology, by API kit analysis. Seed starter or B. firmus NA-1 was prepared with 5％ soymilk prepared from micronized soybean powder. To produce fibrinolytic enzyme by B. firmus NA-1 the liquid culture was performed with NB broth (pH 7.0) fortified with 1％ galactose, 0.1% tryptone, and 0.5% $K_2$HPO$_4$, by shaking with 180 rpm at 37$^{\circ}C$. Fibrinolytic enzyme activity reached the highest value at 7.8 unit/mL (plasmin unit) after fermentation for 72 hr. The crude fibrinolytic enzyme showed higher relative activity in the range of pH 7.0∼9.0. The activity of crude fibrinolytic enzyme was well maintained even after concentration by the vacuum evaporation at 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1993

Fababea에 존재하는 vicine과 convicine은 고온의 열처리에서 안정하였으며, vicine 용액도 약산성(pH5)과 알카리성 pH(pH10)에서 열에 대한 안정성이 높게 나타났다. 반면 산성 pH에서 vicine은 산 가수분해되어 aglycone인 divicine을 형성하며, 생성된 divicine은 매우 불안정하여 쉽게 분해되었다. 효소(${\beta}-glucosodase$)에 의해 vicine을 가수분해시킨 후 생성된 divicine의 산화에 의한 분해 반응 동안(pH5, $80^{\circ}C$), half-life time과 rate constant는 각각 14.35분과 -0.018이었다. 따라서 fababean을 함유한 식품을 가공하는 동안 효소 (${\beta}-glucosidase$)를 처리하여 vicine과 convicine을 가수분해 시키면 이들의 양은 크게 감소될 것이다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2014

Food consumption and conversion efficiency of eri silkworm Samia ricini Donovan were studied during $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ larval instars by feeding castor leaves fortified with 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations of aqueous extracts of cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis. The nutritional indices viz., ingesta, digesta, approximate digestibility (%), reference ratio and efficiency parameters like ECI and ECD were recorded which were significantly high at 400 ppm concentration treated batches of $4^{th}$ instar larvae over control batches. The decline in nutritional efficiency parameters of $5^{th}$ instar treated larvae might be due to higher utilization of the digested food for metabolic activities. Significant difference of ECI to cocoon % and non-significant difference of ECD to cocoon% and shell were observed between the treatments and control. Cyanabacteria feed supplement contains antibiotic and nutritions factors which has reflective effect on the biological parameters in eri silkworm and therefore has greater application in commercial eri silkworm rearing.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2010

Thiosultap은 중국에서 사용되고 있는 nereistoxin계 살충제로 국내에는 등록되지 않아 중국산 농산물 수입시 잔류 농약 안전관리를 위한 시험법 마련이 시급한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현미 중 thiosultap을 염기조건에서 nereistoxin으로 유도체화하여 GC-FPD로 분석하는 시험법을 개발하였다. 산염기 분배를 이용한 정제 조건을 확립하였으며, 확립된 시험법에 의한 정량한계와 직선성을 측정한 결과 각각 0.05 mg $kg^{-1}$과 0.995$(r^2)$이었다. 무처리 현미에 thiosultap 0.5와 2.5 mg $kg^{-1}$을 처리하여 회수율을 측정한 결과는 $96.1{\pm}7.9\sim100.8{\pm}6.1%$로 양호한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2002

비지로부터 두 균주를 순수분리하여 동정한 결과 Ent. faecium LL과 L. rhmnosus LS로 확인되었다. 분리된 균을 대두 미세분말용액에서 발효정도를 알아보기 위하여 pH, 산도, 생균수 및 유기산 함량을 측정하였다 Ent. faecium LL은 대두미세분말 용액에서 발효시 pH 4.9, 산도 0.38%, 생균수 1.8$\times$$10^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$로 젖산생성 및 높은 생균수를 나타내었다. L. rhamnosus LS는 대두미세분말 용액에서는 4.6$\times$$10^{8}$ CFU/mL의 생균수를 나타냈지만 젖산의 생성은 매우 미흡하였다. 그러나 대두미세분말 용액에 당을 첨가하거나 skim milk를 첨가할때 산생성이 급격히 증가되었다. 대두미세분말과 skim milk 4 : 1 혼합액에서 Ent. faecium LL과 L. rhamnosus LS에 의한 젖산발효는 37$^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 안에 curd를 형성하였으며, 각각 0.33% 및 0.77%의 산도와 $10^{8}$ ~$10^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$정도의 생균수를 보였다. HPLC 분석에서 생성된 젖산의 농도는 L. rhamnosus LS가 600 mg%로 Ent. faecium LL의 350 mg%보다 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.947-954
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• 1997

옥수수가루에 건조유제품을 첨가하여 탄산가스의 주입에 의해 반죽의 온도 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 팽화시킨 몇 가지 제품의 물리적 성질과 기계적 에너지 투입량을 분석하였다. 첨가된 유제품은 전지분유, 유청단백질 농축물, 탈지분유, 카제인 나트륨이며, 첨가량은 옥수수가루의 무게비로 10%와 20%를 각각 첨가시켰다. 압출성형기 바렐로 주입되는 가스압력을 0.7 MPa과 1.4 MPa로 조절하여 옥수수가루를 팽화시켰다. 시스템변수인 비기계적 에너지 투입량은 지방의 함량이 높은 전지분유의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 또한 카제인 나트륨의 첨가에 의한 비기계적 에너지의 투입량의 감소도 적었다. 압출성형물의 밀도는 주입압력 0.7 MPa까지는 점차적으로 감소하다가 그 이상의 압력에서는 증가하였다. 가스주입압력 0.7 MPa에서 유제품의 함량이 0, 10, 20%로 증가할수록 밀도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 카제인 나트륨을 첨가했을 때 밀도가 증가하는 정도가 가장 낮았다. 가스주입압력이 0.7 MPa까지 팽화율은 증가하다가 그 이상의 주입압력에서는 감소했지만, 비길이는 계속 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 수분흡착지수는 유제품의 첨가에 의해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 반면에 수분용해지수는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 압출성형시스템을 이용한 유제품을 첨가한 옥수수가루 압출성형물 제조시 최적 가스주입압력은 0.7 MPa이였으며, 전지분유의 첨가는 제한인자가 되었으나, 카제인 나트륨의 첨가에 의하여 유제품의 첨가량을 높일 수 있었다.