• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제22권
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• pp.305-330
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• 1992

This study intends to investigate the processing of the bibliographic relationships in the MARC formats based on the analysis to the related cataloging rules. In the traditional cataloging rules, many methods are used to process the bibliographic relationships(vertical, horizontal, and chronological), including analytics, references, notes, and independent entry. Linking entry fields in the MARC formats have been introduced mainly to process the chronological relationship in the serials, but later expanded, as a chronological in MARC format, to include other relationships applied to all other materials. Comparative analysis on the linking entry suggests that there are rare differences between UNIMARC and USMARC formats except the terminology and display constants, and that it is desirable in the KORMARC and JAPAN MARC to introduce the linking entry more comprehensively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.286-297
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study compared the perception of customers from Korea and the U.S. on the attributes of different formats of menu labeling The specific objectives were 1) to compare the customers' perceived usefulness, ease-of-understanding, clarity, and attractiveness of different formats of menu labeling between Korea and the U.S.; and 2) to compare the customers' use intention to different formats of menu labeling between Korea and the U.S. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A survey was conducted in Korea and the U.S. The participants were allocated randomly to view 1 of the 7 restaurant menus that varied according to the following types of menu labeling formats: (type 1) kcal format, (type 2) traffic-light format, (type 3) percent daily intake (%DI) format, (type 4) kcal + traffic-light format, (type 5) kcal + %DI format, (type 6) traffic-light + %DI format, and (type 7) kcal + traffic-light + %DI format. A total of 279 Koreans and 347 Americans were entered in the analysis. An independent t-test and 1-way analysis of variance were performed. RESULTS: Koreans rated type 4 format (kcal + traffic light) the highest for usefulness and attractiveness. In contrast, Americans rated type 7 (kcal + traffic light + %DI) the highest for usefulness, ease-of-understanding, attractiveness, and clarity. Significant differences were found in the customers' perceived attributes to menu labeling between Korea and the U.S. Americans perceived higher for all the 4 attributes of menu labeling than Koreans. CONCLUSIONS: The study is unique in identifying the differences in the attributes of different formats of menu labeling between Korea and the U.S. Americans rated the most complicated type of menu labeling as the highest perception for the attributes, and showed a higher use intention of menu labeling than Koreans. This study contributes to academia and industry for practicing menu labeling in different countries using different formats.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제22권
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• pp.107-130
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• 2003

본 논문은 2002년 대통령후보초청 TV합동토론회에서 채택된 토론형식(Format)을 비교 평가하였다. 현재 대통령선거운동기간중의 후보초청TV토론은 대통령선거방송토론위원회가 주관한다. 그러나 토론위원회가 방송사와 후보자들의 이해관계를 조정하고, 토론형식을 개발하고 토론회를 준비하는 과정에는 많은 제한이 많다. 이번 대통령선거에서 토론위원회는 후보자간의 1:1 토론과 후보자들이 사전에 질문을 준비하는 것을 허용하였다. 토론위원회는 이를 통해 당선가능성이 있는 유력후보간의 토론을 가능하게 하고 후보자들이 정책토론에 집중하도록 유도하고자 하였다. 그러나 이 같은 후보간의 직접충돌이 허용되는 토론형식은 토론위원회의 기대와 달리 정책 중심의 토론보다는 이미지 중심의 토론이 나타날 가능성이 많은 토론 형식이다. 분석결과 역시 새롭게 도입된 토론형식이 기존토론형식 보다 나은 토론 내용을 보여주지 못하였다. 토론형식에 대한 평가작업 다양하게 이루어져야 한다. 토론형식에 대한 평가는 다음 대통령선거를 준비하는 과정이기 때문이다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

본 연구는 온라인 인터넷쇼핑몰과 오프라인 백화점간 소비자의 반응에 대한 통합적 접근을 시도하여 각 업태별로 쇼핑상황에 따른 쇼핑가치의 조절역할을 분석하는데 중점을 두었다. 오프라인 백화점과 온라인 인터넷쇼핑몰에서의 쇼핑행동 차이를 하나의 틀에서 분석하고 영향요인을 규명함으로서 온ㆍ오프라인 통합의 효과나 멀티채널 전략에 적용할 수 있는 소비자행동의 변화를 파악하였다. 향후에는 단순한 4P's 중심의 마케팅 믹스(marketing mix)전략 보다는 온라인과 오프라인별 소비자의 쇼핑가치를 중심으로 한 고객세분화기준을 적용함으로서 효과적인 채널전략을 수립하는데 초점을 두어야 할 것이다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2010

디지털 세계에서의 지식정보의 접근성은 개인, 직업, 국가의 발전을 위한 핵심인자로 부상하고 있다. 그러나 세계 출판물 가운데 인쇄물을 이용할 수 없는 사람을 위한 대체자료는 5%에 불과하다. 장애인은 자신들이 필요로 하거나 읽고 싶은 자료에 접근할 수 없는 문제를 최대의 장애로 인식하고 있다. 이에 이 연구는 주요 국가(미국, 캐나다, 영국, 스웨덴, 일본, 한국)의 장애인을 위한 대체자료 개발정책(주체와 역할, 재정과 지원, 생산과 배포시스템 등)을 정밀 분석하였다. 그리고 이 예비연구의 결과는 국내에서 대체자료를 생산 배포하기 위한 국가적 계획과 역할모형의 개발을 위한 배경정보로 활용될 것이다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2008

This paper was to examine the salesperson's service that the consumer demands in different types of fashion retailing formats including department store, discount store and outlet store. Data has been collected from June to August in 2005 in Pusan and Seoul on subject of 1000 adult over18 years old and 979 pieces were used to analyze. Data analysis was conducted by factor analysis, regression using the SPSS statistics package program. Services in common in 3 fashion retailing formats were "individual concerning", "kindness, courtesy/customer respect", "quick correspondence/convenience", and "product knowledge". Unique services that consumer demanded for the department store were professional and polite attitude; for the discount store, honesty and convenience for refund and exchange; for the outlet store, wide range of product selection. The results has shown that the part of salesperson's service dimensions influenced the consumer's purchase, repurchasing intention and the level of satisfaction. Therefore fashion marketers need to carefully implicate operation and service management depending on the retailing formats.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.913-927
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• 2010

This study investigates the influence of Likert scale formats such as the number of response categories and the inclusion of a mid-point from a methodological point of view using instruments that measure a fashionmarketing-related subject. Using a self-administered questionnaire, 201 respondents rated their economic clothing shopping orientation on three formats of scales that differed only in the number of response categories (ranging from 5 to 7) from February 8 to February 12, 2010. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank order correlation, t-test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha were used in the analysis. The results are as follows. First, three scale formats were generally suitable for use due to validity and reliability. Second, the response results varied with the number of categories and the inclusion of a mid-point, although the differences were statistically insignificant (with only a few cases that differed). Third, construct validity was more secure in scales with fewer categories, whereas convergent and discriminant validity was generally good in all scale formats. Fourth, reliability coefficients were higher in scales with more categories. Fifth, the number of categories was of greater importance to instrument design than the inclusion of a mid-point. Implications for appropriate scale designs are suggested in this study.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2015

Nigeria's non-government organization (NGO) libraries for the visually impaired has over the years been at the forefront of information services provision to persons with visual impairment. This study adopted a survey research design to investigate use of alternative formats and perceptions of information services to the visually impaired, focusing on two purposively chosen NGO libraries for the visually impaired in Nigeria. Using a complete enumeration approach, data were gathered from 180 users of the libraries through the use of a structured questionnaire with a reliability score (${\alpha}=0.74$). Data from 112 (62.2%) of the 180 administered copies of a questionnaire that were retrieved were analysed. The study found that Braille materials had a high level of utilization ($\bar{x}=4.46$) and were the most frequently utilized (90.9%). Perception of information services by the visually impaired was positive while use of alternative formats was significantly and positively related to users' perception of information services (r = .041; p < 0.05). The study recommends improved transcription and investment in alternative formats and in e-resources. It also recommends collaborations to widen access as well as constant evaluation of services.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2003

인터넷의 급속한 확산으로 디지털콘텐츠가 기하급수적으로 증가하고, 그 종류도 매우 다양해졌다. 분산 네트워크 환경하인 인터넷을 통해 디지털콘텐츠의 식별 및 검색을 용이하게 하기 위해서는 메타데이터의 조직과 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구는 여러 분야에서 다양하게 접근되고 있는 메타데이터 포맷의 데이터 요소를 비교 분석함으로써 상이한 메타데이터 포맷의 상호운용성 확보를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 포괄적으로 모든 영역에서 사용되고 있는 디지털콘텐츠의 메타데이터 포맷으로 Dublin Core, Semantic Header, MARC, IAFA Templates TEI Header를 선정하여 문헌고찰을 통하여 비교분석을 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2008

We investigated how the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) tolerance was degraded by semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-induced chirp for the 10 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ), duobinary NRZ, return-to-zero (RZ), and carrier-suppressed RZ (CS-RZ) modulation formats. The power penalty was calculated as a measure of the system performance due to PMD for a given SOA-induced chirp. Considering only first-order PMD, all modulation formats have a similar PMD tolerance regardless of SOA-induced chirp. On the other hand, when both first- and second-order PMD are considered, the PMD tolerance of all modulation formats with the exception of the CS-RZ modulation format are degraded by SOA-induced chirp. Among all modulation formats considered here, the NRZ modulation format has the PMD tolerance with the highest sensitivity to SOA-induced chirp. When the peak-to-peak chirp induced by SOAs is $0.28{\AA}$, its PMD tolerance is degraded up to 4 dB for a differential group delay (DGD) of 50 ps. However, the PMD tolerance of the CS-RZ modulation format is largely unaffected by SOA-induced chirp.