• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권5호
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• pp.605-618
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• 2022

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) elastic gridshells consist of long continuous GFRP tubes that form elastic deformations. In this paper, a method for the form-finding of gridshell structures is presented based on the interpretable machine learning (ML) approaches. A comparative study is conducted on several ML algorithms, including support vector regression (SVR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), AdaBoost, XGBoost, category boosting (CatBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). A numerical example is presented using a standard double-hump gridshell considering two characteristics of deformation as objective functions. The combination of the grid search approach and k-fold cross-validation (CV) is implemented for fine-tuning the parameters of ML models. The results of the comparative study indicate that the LightGBM model presents the highest prediction accuracy. Finally, interpretable ML approaches, including Shapely additive explanations (SHAP), partial dependence plot (PDP), and accumulated local effects (ALE), are applied to explain the predictions of the ML model since it is essential to understand the effect of various values of input parameters on objective functions. As a result of interpretability approaches, an optimum gridshell structure is obtained and new opportunities are verified for form-finding investigation of GFRP elastic gridshells during lifting construction.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2022

메쉬 반사판 안테나의 성능은 반사판 표면의 형상 오차에 크게 의존하게 된다. FDM(Force Density Method)을 이용하여 반사판 케이블 네트의 형상설계 연구가 수행되고 있다. 하지만 결정된 형상 일부에 반사판 실효면적의 감소가 발생하고, 케이블의 기하학적 비선형을 고려한 변형 해석은 불가능하다. 본 연구에서는 기하학적 특성을 고려한 케이블 네트 형상설계 방법론을 제시하고 설계된 형상의 실효성을 검증한다. 기하학적 비선형성을 고려한 케이블 네트의 유한요소 모델을 개발한다. 경계조건의 하중 변화에 따른 형상변형 해석을 통하여 케이블 네트 형상 설계변수 특성을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2021

This study aims to develop a form-finding algorithm for a single-layered pneumatic membrane. The initial shape of this pneumatic membrane, which is an air-supported type pneumatic membrane, is to find a state in which a given initial tension and internal pneumatic pressure are in equilibrium. The algorithm developed to satisfy these conditions is that a nonlinear optimization problem based on the force method considering the deformed shape is formulated, and, it's able to find the shape by iteratively repeating the process of obtaining a solution of the governing equations. An computational technique based on the Gauss-Newton method was used as a method for obtaining solutions of nonlinear equations. In order to verify the validity of the proposed form-finding algorithm, a single-curvature pneumatic membrane example and a double-curvature air pneumatic membrane example were adopted, respectively. In the results of these examples, it was possible to well observe the step-by-step convergence process of the shape of the pneumatic membrane, and it was also possible to confirm the change in shape according to the air pressure. In addition, the calculation results of the shape and internal force after deformation due to initial tension, air pressure, and self-weight were obtained.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

본 논문은 고유치문제로 정식화된 텐세그러티 구조물의 형상탐색에 대하여 제시하고자 한다. 텐세그러티 구조물의 안정을 위해서는 형상탐색을 수행하여야한다. 형상탐색을 위한 해석 방법은 내력밀도법과 일반역행렬을 이용한 방법, 이 두 가지가 널리 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 새롭게 형상을 탐색하는 방법을 제시하여 텐세그러티 구조물의 자기평형 응력을 얻었다. 제시한 방법은 기존의 방법을 기본으로 한 모든 절점의 평형 방정식을 고유치 문제로 정식화하였다. 이를 증명하기 위해 몇 가지 예제(텐세그러티 구조물)를 기존의 방법과 비교 하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법은 기존의 방법과 같은 결과가 나왔으며, 나아가 해답을 얻는 과정이 훨씬 간단하였다.

• Architectural research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2015

A simple force-finding process based on an optimization technique is proposed for tensegrity structures. For this purpose, the inverse problem of form-finding process is formulated. Therefore, the position vector of nodes and element connectivity information are provided as priori. Several benchmark tests are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the present force-finding process. In particular, the force density distributions of simplex tensegrity are thoroughly investigated with the important parameters such as the radius, height and twisting angle of simplex tensegrity. Finally, the force density distribution of arch tensegrity is produced by using the present force-finding process for a future reference solution.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2018

Architectural fabrics membranes have not only the structural performance but also act as an efficient cladding to cover large areas. Because of the direct relationship between form and force distribution in tension membrane structures, form-finding procedure is an important issue. Ideally, once the optimal form is found, a uniform pre-stressing is applied to the fabric which takes the form of a minimal surface. The force density method is one of the most efficient computational form-finding techniques to solve the initial equilibrium equations. In this method, the force density ratios of the borders to the membrane is the main parameter for shape-finding. In fact, the shape is evolved and improved with the help of the stress state that is combined with the desired boundary conditions. This paper is evaluated the optimum amount of this ratio considering the curvature of the flexible boarders for structural configurations, i.e., hypar and conic membranes. Results of this study can be used (in the absence of the guidelines) for the fast and optimal design of fabric structures.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2017

In this study, an advanced form-finding method of tensegrity unit modules is presented to apply on renovation building. Here a fitness function of maximum natural frequency which can lead to a maximum stiffness status was used for a genetic algorithm. To apply the lightweight pin-jointed structure to the renovation project is more economical over to build new structures. In this paper, two types of tensegrity unit are presented to build expanded structures, and their force densities are shown using the proposed form-finding method. The expanded structures which may influence renovation projects are presented by using the tensegrity units.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.147-151
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• 2003

In this study, we discussed the local buckling behavior of pultruded structural flexural members. Previous works were briefly reviewed and the local buckling behavior of orthotropic box-shape flexural members was discussed. The simplified form of equation for finding the width ratio of plate element of box-shape flexural members in which all plate components buckle simultaneously was proposed and the macro flow-chart for finding local buckling strength of pultruded flexural members was also suggested. To establish the design guide line for the local buckling of pultruded flexural members, further studies need to be performed as follows; the simplified form of solutions for finding the minimum buckling coefficient of orthotropic plate with various loading and boundary conditions including rotationally restrained boundary conditions, the simplified form of equation for calculating the coefficient of restraint provided by the adjacent plate elements.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

막 구조물은 연성의 막에 초기 장력을 주고 외관의 강성을 늘림으로써 외부하중에 안정된 형태를 유지하는 구조물로 두께를 얇게 하여 대공간 구조에 많이 채택된다. 이러한 막 구조는 자유로운 곡선을 표현할 수 있는 특성이 있어, 구조적 형태의 선정은 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 넙스를 기저함수로 하는 비정형 곡면으로 형상을 표현하고, 최적의 곡면 형상 탐색을 위한 대변형 결과값 도출을 위해 기하학적 비선형을 고려한 유한요소해석법을 제안하였다. 또한, 형상 탐색 결과로 나타난 곡면의 형상 근사화의 최소화를 위해 유한 요소망으로 표현된 최종 형상을 다시 넙스로 구현하는 인터페이스 기법을 제안하여, 비정형 막 구조물의 최적 곡면을 표현하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 제약조건이 고려된 텐세그리티 구조물의 형상 탐색 방법에 있어서 기존의 하중법을 특이값 분해로 정식화 한 새로운 하중법을 제안하였다. 텐세그리티 구조물은 형태의 안정성 유지를 위해 프리스트레스가 도입 되어야하며 이를 위하여 형상 탐색이 수행되어 진다. 또한 실제 구조물로서 활용되기 위해서는 제약조건이 고려되어야한다. 기존의 하중법은 어려운 구조적 개념이 필요하지 않아 접근 방법이 쉽지만 많은 수식을 통해 형상 탐색을 수행하여야 하므로 이로인해 수지상의 오류가 발생할 수 있으며 내력 밀도법을 사용하여 형상 탐색을 수행 할 경우 제약조건에 맞는 가상의 부재(Dummy Element)를 찾는 것이 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 하중법에서 사용하던 수식을 특이값 분해로 정식화하여 수치적 오류를 줄일 수 있는 새로운 하중법을 제안하였다.