• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2009

The volatile compounds of dried sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium), an aromatic plant were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) method and identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Selected chiral constituents of sancho oil were characterized by enantiodifferentiation using multidimensional gas chromatograph (MDGC)-MS. A total of 57 compounds were identified and quantified, and the major compounds were identified estragole, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, $\beta$-phellandrenene, and limonene. Among them, estragol (63.9%) was found as the predominantly abundant component of sancho. $\alpha$-pinene and nerolidol, and $\beta$-pinene and linalool were determined to be enantiomerically pure (100%) for their (S)-form and (R)-form, respectively. The enantiomeric composition of limonene in sancho revealed 83.9% purity for the (S)-enantiomer, whereas (E)- and (Z)-rose oxides showed mixtures of both enantiomers. The enantiomeric excess (%) for citronellal was 22.6% with the (R)-enantiomer as major enantiomer. The enantiomeric composition of these compounds can be used as parameter for authenticity control of sancho.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.602-611
• /
• 2013

We have investigated the influence of system composition and preparation conditions on the particle size of vitamin E acetate (VE)-loaded nanoemulsions prepared by PIC(phase inversion composition) emulsification. This method relies on the formation of very fine oil droplets when water is added to oil/surfactant mixture. The oil-to-emulsion ratio content was kept constant (5 wt.%) while the surfactant-to-oil ratio (%SOR) was varied from 50 to 200 %. Oil phase composition (vitamin E to medium chain ester ratio, %VOR) had an effect on particle size, with the smallest droplets being formed below 60 % of VOR. Food-grade non-ionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80) were used as an emulsifier. The effect of f on the droplet size distribution has been studied. In our system, the droplet volume fraction, given by the oil volume fraction plus the surfactant volume fraction, was varied from 0.1 to 0.3. The droplet diameter remains less than 350 nm when O/S is fixed at 1:1. The droplet size increases gradually as the increasing the volume fraction. Particle size could also be reduced by increasing the temperature when water was added to oil/surfactant mixture. By optimizing system composition and homogenization conditions we were able to form VE-loaded nanoemulsions with small mean droplet diameters (d < 50 nm). The PIC emulsification method therefore has great potential for forming nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for food, personal care, and pharmaceutical applications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.1177-1181
• /
• 2003

This study investigated the effects of cod liver oil and chromium picolinate on the serum traits and egg yolk fatty acids and cholesterol content in laying hens. One hundred 45-week old single comb white Leghorn laying hens were assigned randomly to four groups. These groups were: (1) control (soybean oil), (2) 1,000 ppb (${\mu}g/kg$) chromium (organic form chromium picolinate) (Crpic), (3) 3% cod liver oil (CLO), and (4) 1,000 ppb chromium with 3% cod liver oil (CLO+Crpic). The experiment was conducted for 40 days. Results indicated that serum triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol contents in the CLO group and the serum glucose content in the Crpic group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05-0.01). The yolk cholesterol content in the CLO and Crpic groups were also lower than the control group (p<0.01). The lipoprotein profile displayed that in the Crpic group, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group. Meanwhile, low-density lipoprotein+very low-density lipoprotein (LDL+VLDL) and LDL-C+VLDL-C were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control group. Notably, of all four groups, the CLO group displayed a more profound effect on serum traits and lipoprotein (p<0.05-0.001). Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the egg yolks presented that C18:2 in the CLO and Crpic groups was significantly lower (p<0.05-0.001) compare to the control. However, only in the CLO group, C18:3, C20:5 and C22:6 were significantly higher (p<0.001) than the control. Only serum glucose and LDL+VLDL showed the CLO${\times}$Crpic interaction (p<0.05), most parameters did not. Therefore, supplemented chromium picolinate or cod liver oil in the diet of laying hens had beneficial effects. However, when these two factors were combined, there was no interaction with most parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.5939-5944
• /
• 2014

The foam monitor is equipment for extinguishing fires, particularly for oil tankers or cargo areas of the carrying vessel. This equipment is installed on the cargo tank deck. Generally, the projection distance is important for designing an extinguishment. On the other hand, the form monitors in current industry have been designed by trial and error rather than by numerical analysis method. Therefore, the shape design of the new form of monitor is needed. In this study, numerical analysis was performed to determine the projection distance prediction, and experiment results were used to make a comparison with the analysis results. The proposed method was applied to the modified form of a newly designed monitor in a company.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2002

A new model utilizing a transfer function is introduced in the present paper for analizing motion errors of hydrostatic tables. Relationship between film reaction force in a single hydrostatic pad and form error of a guide rail is derived at various spacial frequencies by finite element analysis, and it is expressed as a transfer function. This transfer function clarifies so called averaging effect of the oil film quantitively. For example, it is found that the amplitide of the film reaction farce is reduced as the spacial frequency increases or relative width of the pocket is reduced. Motion errors of a multiple pad table is estimated from transfer function, geomatric relationship between each pads and form errors of a guide rail, which is named as Transfer Function Method(TFM). Calculated motion errors by TFM show good agreement with motion errors calculated by Multi Pad Method, which is considered entire table as an analysis object. From the results, it is confirmed that the proposed TFM is very effective to analyze the motion errors of hydrostatic tables.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2003

A new method using a transfer function is introduced in the present paper for analyzing the motion errors of hydrostatic bearing tables. The relationship between film reaction force in a single-side hydrostatic pad and the form error of guide rail is derived at various spatial frequencies by finite element analysis, and it is expressed as a transfer function. This transfer function clarifies so called 'the averaging effect of an oil film' quantitively. It is found that the amplitude of film force is reduced as the spatial frequency increases or the relative width of the pocket is reduced. The motion errors of a multi pad type table are estimated using a transfer function, the form errors of a guide rail and the geometric relationship between the pads. The method is named as the Transfer Function Method (TFM). The motion errors calculated by the TFM show good agreement with the motion errors calculated by the Multi Pad Method considering the entire table as an analysis object. From the results, it is confirmed that the proposed TFM is very effective to analyze the motion errors of hydrostatic tables.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2003

A new method using a transfer function was proposed in the previous paper for analyzing motion errors of hydrostatic tables. The calculated motion errors by the new method, named as the transfer (unction method (TFM), were compared with the results by the conventional multi pad method, and the validity of the proposed method was theoretically verified. In this paper, the relationship between rail form error and motion errors of a hydrostatic table is examined theoretically in order to comprehand so-called 'the averaging effect of an oil film', and the characteristics of the motion errors in a hydrostatic table is tested. The tested hydrostatic table has three single-side pads in the vertical direction and three pairs of double-sides pads in the horizontal direction. The motion errors are tested for three rails which have different form errors. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results calculated by the TFM, and both results show good agreement. From the results, it is shown that the TFM is very effective to analyze the motion errors of hydrostatic tables.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.272-275
• /
• 1992

Relative content(% weight) of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and crude ashs in seed of korean green tea plant(Camellia simecis L.) are not different from those in seed of sunflower and safflower. However, the Camellia seed contains much higher crude saponin content(12.2%) than that of sesame(0.29%) or peanut(0.63%). It also contains 82% unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid and contains tocopherol $(22\;{\mu}g/g,\;{\alpha}-form\;only)$ that is significantly less than of other oil-seed.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.423-436
• /
• 2012

Unstiffened plates are integral part of all kinds of structures such as ship and offshore oil platforms. Openings are unavoidable and absolutely reduce the ultimate strength of structures. In this study, the finite element analysis package, ABAQUS, is used to analyze the behavior of unstiffened plate with rectangular opening. The rectangular opening form is divided into two cases. In case1, opening depth is constant, but opening width is varied. Meanwhile, in case2 opening width is fixed and opening depth is varied. Besides, for the two different form opening, the effect of plate slenderness parameter (${\beta}$), opening area ratio (AR) and opening position ratio (PR) on the ultimate strength of plate with opening under axial compression are presented. It has been found that the ultimate strength of plate ofcase1is much more sensitive to the plate slenderness parameter (${\beta}$) and opening area ratio (AR) than that of case2. However, for case1, opening position (PR) almost has no effect on the ultimate strength, whereas, regardingcase2, the influence of opening position (PR) depends on the plate slenderness parameter (${\beta}$). Based on nonlinear regression analysis, three design formulae are not only developed but also approved reasonably for the practical engineering design.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.911-916
• /
• 2003

The effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (OF) administration on the biochemical parameters of function in liver tissue and serum of $CCl_4$ treated rats were investigated. Opuntia ficus-indica (200 mg/kg) was administered into rats intraperitoneally for two weeks. $3.3m\ell$ of $CCl_4$$_4$ (50% $CCl_4$ : Olive oil = 1 : 1) was treated to rats on the 14th day and 15th day and they were operated on 15th day. We examined the antioxidative enzymatic activity by measuring the level of AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), GSH (Glutathione reduced form), GSSG (Glutathione oxidezed form), GPx (GSH-peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase) in serum and liver tissue of rats. OFC administered group showed 24.8% of inhibitory effect in AST activity compared to $CCl_4$ -treated abnormal group (CTA). ALT level of OF administered group was decreased by 60.7% to the level of CTA. GSH, GSSG and GPx of OFC administered group were significantly higher than those of CTA group. SOD and CAT in OFC administered group were increased by 28.3% and by 16.9% respectively compared to those of CTA group.