• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2003

The effect studied was that of the feeding of shrimp by-product meal, as a source of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, on growth performance and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in growing pigs kept on small holdings in Central Vietnam. Shrimp by-product meal was exchanged with ruminant meal so that the diets contained either 0, 10 or 20% shrimp byproduct meal in the dry matter. The diets were fed on 6 different small-holder farms. The farmers fed a base diet according to their personal choice, but were instructed as to the use of shrimp by-product and ruminant meal. The diets were fed to the pigs from 70 to 126 days of age. There were three animals per treatment group per farm. The diets without and with 20% shrimp by-product meal on average contained 0.01 and 0.14 g docosahexaenoic acid/MJ of metabolisable energy (ME). Due to the higher contents of ash and crude fiber, the shrimp by-product meal containing diets had lower energy densities than the control diets. Eicosapentaenoic acid was not detectable in adipose tissue; the content of docosahexaenoic acid was generally increased after consumption of shrimp by-product meal. In spite of the concurrent high intakes of ash and crude fiber, the feeding of shrimp by-product meal had a general stimulatory effect on growth performance of the growing pigs. The intake of docosahexaenoic acid or its content in adipose tissue was not related with average daily gain. It is suggested that shrimp by-product meal may contain an unknown growth enhancing factor.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2019

This research presents an improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of composite board (com-ply) made of Oriented Strand Board (OSB) coated with wood veneer of Pine (Pinus merkusii), Avocado (Persea Americana) and Mahogany (Swietenia mahogany). 1.5 mm thick veneers of those three wood types were adhered to the surface of OSB using two adhesive types: epoxy and isocyanate. The adhesive with the glue spread of $250g\;m^{-2}$ applied using single glue line was spread and then cold pressed with the pressure of $15kg\;cm^{-2}$ for 3 hours. The research result showed an improving dimension stability of com-ply, but not found on all parameters of physical property test. The moisture content seemed to be influenced by the com-ply type, yet not related to its thickness swelling, water absorption and linear expansion. The exception took place in the parallel linear expansion when immersed for 2 hours. The highest to the lowest increases of MOE and MOR were consecutively found on OSB coated with wood veneer of Pine, Mahogany and Avocado. However, the increases were statistically insignificant. The highest increasing screw hold power was found at the com-ply type AE (avocado veneer and epoxy adhesive) that was by 28%.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

The study attempts to investigate the causes of Sino-U.S. trade friction in recent years and provides countermeasures accordingly. The import and export volume of two countries, the product structure of China's export, the 337th Act lawsuits related to China, the industries involved in trade friction, and the G-L Index of Sino-U.S. Products are analyzed in detail. The causes of Sino-US trade frictions are discussed from the aspect of mercantilism and trade protectionism, interest groups and governments' trade policies, Chinese product structure, intellectual property protection in China, and performance of Chinese enterprises in litigation. Based on these, countermeasures are put forward. China needs to implement industrial upgrading, increasing the added value of products, and improving intellectual property protection. A trade friction warning system also needs to be constructed. The Chinese government needs to carry out strategic dialogue and international negotiation.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.357-377
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• 2010

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF) of Japan established the aim which exports the agriculture, forestry and Fisheries products amounting to a trillion Yen until 2013 in 2004, endeavoring to realize the aim in strengthening both overseas publicity activities and domestic product system. Such changes means that the Japanese agriculture is exchanging defence into attack and gives a important meaning to our agricultures which have a similar agriculture base as Japan. The countermeasures for agricultural products export promotion by MAFF is greeting a 5th year now and obtains a considerable result in agricultural products exports and the export item. Meantime, There are also opinions that the Japanese agriculture has to make efforts to cut the product cost by a large margin in order to prepares a competitive power. we have to consider the counter-measure which will be able to accommodate harmoniously both of two facts that first, Japanese Export Promotion Strategy for agricultural products is giving a hope in the Japanese rural society which have been considered that remaking will be impossible until now, and secondly, the agricultural reform which the cutting of cost and price of agricultural products will be possible in has to be promoted.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2024

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia is surrounded by large and small islands. Many mangrove plant species are found along the coasts surrounding large and small islands. Besides their conservation value, mangrove plants provide various benefits, including the use of their leaves, fruit, bark, and wood as raw materials in pharmaceutical and other industries. Additionally, mangrove wood is a potential raw material for pulp and paper production. It is essential to study the fiber dimensions of the wood to identify the appropriate characteristics of raw material for pulp and paper. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively analyzed the differences in the wood fiber dimensions of seven mangrove species from the Indramayu Regency, West Java Province, namely Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Sonneratia ovata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Excoecaria agallocha. For this analysis, maceration followed the Forest Product Laboratory guidelines, and preparation followed the Sass method. The fiber length, diameter, and lumen diameter were measured using a light microscope. Based on the values of the length and dimension derivatives, the fibers of these mangrove wood species were grouped into quality classes II or III for use as raw materials for the pulp and paper industry. The wood fibers of H. tiliaceus, A. alba, S. caseolaris, and E. agallocha met the quality class criterion II, whereas wood species fibers of B. gymnorhiza, B. cylindrica, and S. ovata met the quality class criterion III.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2013

Wood-based products market is new growth engine industry of "Green growth policy". Korean government established a law, sustainable use of wood, for expanding wood and wood-based products market in 2012. This study was conducted to seek sustainable measures for conservation and management of valuable natural resources, offer expanding quality assurance services for wood-based products, and explore measures for expanding wood-based products labeling system. Through discussed domestic and overseas trends and literatures that concern wood-based products labeling system and investigated case studies that were presently operational. For expanding quality assurance services of wood-based products, Korea Forest Service operates a wood-based products labeling system in integrated management through variety awareness and specialist assessment for each product. This process will make enhanced wood-based products labeling system expanded gradually. To evolve into $3^{rd}$ party quality assurance services on maturity age of labeling system, public communication will help improve awareness of producer and consumer. appropriate incentive program will attract voluntary participation from woodbased product industry. Producers consider environmental ethics in their business and consumer should exercise their right to know.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.459-471
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• 2019

Several species of Aquilaria and Gyrinops are native to Indonesia and well known as agarwood-producing trees with a high economic value. Their bioactive compounds have a wide spectrum of uses, such as in medicine and cosmetics. These genera have undergone extensive search for novel bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize the endophytic fungi community associated with Aquilaria malaccensis, A. microcarpa, Gyrinops versteegii, and A. crassna trees and investigate their bioactive properties as antioxidant agents and antagonists. A total of 50 fungi were successfully isolated from different tissues of the four species of agarwood-producing trees. Two isolates exhibited strong antioxidant activity, namely, Apodus oryzae (R2MC3A, $IC_{50}$ 60.92 mg/mL) and Diaporthe sp. (P1DS1[C], $IC_{50}$ 76.65 mg/mL). Two isolates, Pestalotiopsis theae (P3BS3[B]) and Curvularia sp. (P2CD3A), showed >75% antifungal activity against pathogenic Fusarium solani. The results revealed that endophytic fungi associated with the studied agarwood-producing trees had potential antioxidant and antifungal activities for further applications in biotechnology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.607-614
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the current status of timber production operation and the effects of the forestry mechanization projects on timber production. In order to increase the domestic timber production, it is necessary to propel forestry mechanization project, improve policy and institution, broaden forest-road network, enlarge the number of forest workers, enhance timber production and supply system, provide forestry machines, establish forest operation system, and train forest workers. In addition, the reestablishment of policy goals, the consistency of policy, and the rearrangement of laws and institution are considered more important. To improve the results and effects of forestry mechanization project, it is necessary to drive of forestry mechanization project, the spread of forestry machines, the cultivation of trainer ability, the development of training materials, and the teaching of field skill. In order to meet timber buyersí preference, timber needs to be produced through whole tree logging operation system. Expanding the proportion of domestic timber among total timber demand in Korea requires price competitiveness, and the supply ability of high quality product from the perspective of length and width.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1987

The U.S. Forest Service administers the world's largest forestry research organization. From its modest beginning in 1876, some 30 years before the United States national forest system was established, the research branch has devoted its effort to meet current and future information needs of the forestry community of the United States, not just for the U.S. Forest Service. The research branch is one of three major administrative units of the U.S. Forest Service. The others being the National Forest System and State and Private Forestry. Currently the National Forest System comprises 155 national forests, 19 national grasslands, and 18 utilization projects located in 44 states. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The National Forest System manages these areas for a large array of uses and benefits including timber, water, forage, wildlife, recreation, minerals, and wilderness. It is through the State and Private Forestry branch that the U.S. Forest Service cooperates and coordinates forestry activities and programs with state and local governments, forest industries, and private landowners. These activities include financial and technical assistance in disease, insect, and fire protection ; plan forestry programs ; improve harvesting and marketing practices ; and transfer forestry research results to user groups. Forestry research is carried out through eight regional Forest Experiment Stations and the Forest Product Laboratory. Studies are maintained at 70 administrative sites, and at 115 experimental forest and grasslands. All of the current sciences that composed modern forestry are included in the research program. These range from forest biology (i. e. silviculture, ecology, physiology, and genetics) to the physical, mathematical, engineering, managerial, and social sciences. The levels of research range from application, developmental, and basic research. Research planning and priority identification is an ongoing process with elements of the research program changing to meet short-term critical information needs(i. e. protection research) to long-term opportunities(i. e. biotechnology). Research planning and priority setting is done in cooperation with National Forest Systems, forest industries, universities, and individual groups such as environmental, wilderness, or wildlife organizations. There is an ongoing review process of research administration, organization, and science content to maintain quality of research. In the U.S. Forest Service the research responsibility is not completed until the new information is being applied by the various user group : I. e. technology transfer program. Research planning and development in the U.S. Forest Service is a dynamic activity. Porgrams for the year 2000 and beyond are now in the planning stage.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2018

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of particle pre-treatment on physical, mechanical, and durability of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) particleboard. The pre-treatments included were immersing in cold water, hot water, and acetic acid solution. After each treatment, the particles were dried up to 3% moisture content. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was used to fabricate particleboards with board size, thickness and density target of 25 cm by 25 cm, 0.80 cm, and $0.70g/cm^3$, respectively. Board pressed at $130^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and $25kg/cm^2$ pressure. The evaluation of particleboard followed the JIS A 5908-2003. Whilist their resistance to subterranean termite test (mass loss, mortality, antifeedant value and feeding rate) refers to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed that all pre-treatments decreased the pH of particles. Overall, all particle immersing treatments resulted of better physical and mechanical properties of particleboard than those of untreated ones. The acetic acid treatment resulted the best physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Based on the mass loss of JFH particleboard, hot water and acetic acid treated particleboards were classified into weak resistance to subterranean attack. The other two treatments were classified into very weak resistance. Hot water treated particleboard provided the highest mortality and antifeedant as much as 87.40% and 34.20%, respectively. Based on antifeedant classification, hot water treated particleboards were classified into moderately strong resistance, while other treatments were categorized into weak resistance. The lowest feeding rate value ($45.30{\mu}g/termite/day$) was attained by hot water treatment.