• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.685-696
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• 2015

This study intends to evaluate visual preference and image for 10 types of forest sceneries which have own distinct characteristics without overlapping each other among 22 types of beautiful forest sceneries based on Korea National Parks. Z scale and paired comparison methods were used to analyze visual preference for forest scenery, and SD scale method was also adopted to assess visual image for forest scenery. Experiments were conducted with 3 different university students groups. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the evaluation results of Z scale (N=70) and paired comparison (N=64) methods show similar visual preference for different types of forest scenery. 'Scenery inside forests' and 'valley and rock' sceneries have the highest level of preference, and 'panorama of ridges', 'ridge of curious rock peaks', and 'waterfall and cliff' also have relatively higher preference level than others. However, 'community of dead trees' has the lowest preference in forest sceneries. Second, the factor analysis outputs of the image scores for beautiful forest scenery types by SD scale (N=66) show 3 factors of 'mysterious charm', 'colorful sense', and 'vividness/variety'. Examined the variables of forest scenery types for each factor, the image of 'mysterious charm' is based on the sceneries of mountain ridges, the image of 'colorful sense' is focused on the sceneries of color-expressed sense of the season, and the image of 'vividness/variety' is based on the sceneries of waterscape and curious rock peaks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.687-695
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify landscape paintings of our ancestors in types and characteristics of beautiful natural scenery. In this study, 629 landscape paintings targeted natural scenery of the Joseon Dynasty period are used and classified into types of natural scenery by main target of paintings. As the results of this study, landscape paintings are classified into mountain, river, sea, city by place drawing painting. The paintings drawn in mountain are classified into a few mountain peaks, many mountain peaks, one mountain peak, curious rock of mountain, valley and waterfall. The paintings drawn in river are classified into river and mountain, river water, scenery of riverside and curious rock of river. The paintings drawn in sea are classified into scenery of seaside and curious rock of sea. And the paintings drawn in city are classified into panoramic view of the town. The type of natural scenery in landscape paintings can be summarized in 3, scenery of mountain peaks, scenery of curious rock peaks and waterspace when combine place drawing painting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 2015

Landscape planning system established in 2007. It is necessary that forest landscape management will be established based on the long-term and wide scope plan for forest management. This study suggested the considering factor while the establishing forest landscape plan for forest characteristics. Forest landscape type was consisted of 4 medium classification(geographical resources, waterscape, forest resources, cultural resources) and 12 small classification(geographical resources: panorama of ridge, ridge of curious rock peaks, waterscape: waterfall, valley, lake, forest resources: crown layer scenery, royal azaleas of main ridge, autumnal tints of ridge slope, flowers in herbaceous plants, inside of forest, forest trail scenery, cultural resources: facilities). This study suggested that consideration on 6 functions of forest in landscape zone planning and forest landscape management plan each classification (main ridge, sense of season, waterscape, rock resources).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.267-277
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• 2021

This study investigates sound, scenery, and soundscape preferences, which are sensory factors that users feel in a healing forest, comparing the difference in recovery by the soundscape. In the barrier-free, wooden walking path of the National Daegwallyeong Healing Forest, a survey site with five different conditions was selected. Users prefer water sounds the most and places with open views for scenery. For the complex sensation of soundscapes, the most preferred is a space where water sounds can be heard, and either a waterfall or an open view can be seen. A profile of mood states test was use to compare users' psychological recovery by the soundscape. It was found that users felt the most positive mood with water sounds and open views. In addition, users' preference for artificial sounds, scenery, and soundscape was the lowest. In the mood state test, it was found that the artificial soundscape incited the most negative emotions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.664-669
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• 2014

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of viewing scenery and walking in the urban forest on physiological relaxation of humans. The experiment was conducted in Hanbat Arboretum located in Daejeon, and the control experiment was conducted in front of Daejeon City Hall. The subjects that participated in the experiment comprised 24 Korean male university students in their 20s (average age, $21.1{\pm}2.5years$), participated in the experiment as the subject, and these subjects were classified into three groups divided into three locations such as the pine forest in Arboretum, the pond in Arboretum, and the city. The subjects sat down and viewed scenery for 10 min, and they then walked for 15 min. Further, physiological changes were measured using indicators such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, and pulse rate. As a result, when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the urban forest, a statistically significant increase in the high frequency (HF) power of HRV and decrease in systolic pressure was observed compared with when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the city. Through this research, it was found that activities like viewing scenery or walking in Arboretum of the city are effective in increasing the physiological relaxation of the city residents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.49-57
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between the landscape organization and evaluating factors to harmonize the buildings with natural landscape using the landscape simulation models (near view less than $100{\cal}m$) controled the distance and obtain some knowledges about the introduction of buildings into the recreation forest. Through this study, the results were summarized as follow ;1) As the distance got to be near, the evaluation of comprehensive scenery and natural quality became low. 2) At the view points according to the distance the clear landscape organization showed a high value of scenery in comparison with the simple landscape organization, 3) As the coniferous forest showed more high value in comparison with the deciduous forest, the forest type surrounding cottage is important factor evaluating the landscape in the recreation forest area.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mood states and concentration of students when they see the natural scenery indoors throughout the Free Semester Program (FSP) of middle school. The subjects were total 180 students comprised of 60 students in the group viewing natural scenery, 60 students in the group viewing urban scenery and 60 students in the control group from the first year of middle school located in Daejeon, and the experiment was carried out from September 3 to October 30, in 2018. The results showed that tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion were decreased and vigor was increased significantly in group viewing natural scenery compared to group viewing urban scenery and the control group. Ratings of 'pleasant,' 'natural,' and 'calm' were increased and concentration was also improved significantly in the group viewing natural scenery compared to the group viewing urban scenery and the control group. This indicates that positive effects can be anticipated on the improvement of mood states and concentration by developing indoor program viewing natural scenery for people who have difficulties in outdoor activities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to review foreign scenic inventory map for the systematic management of natural scenic resources. Several foreign cases were surveyed and analyzed to apply the scenery inventory map in domestic, such as Visual Resource Management(VRM) from United States Bureau of Land Management, Scenery Management System(SMS) from USDA Forest Service and Visual Landscape Inventory(VLI) from British Columbia Ministry of Forest's, that were already established scenery inventory maps. The results are as follows. First, the characteristic of Korean landscape is quite a different from those of north american's, which is much smaller and more complex in topography and land use. So, it would be difficult to apply foreign system directly and we need more researches to our own system. The multi-stepped landscape unit system is highly recommended. Second, scenic quality could be estimated by the pre-built database, such as land forms, vegetation, hydrology and land uses. Historical and cultural attributes should be complemented. Third, existing scenic integrity could be grasped by scenic damage, landscape alteration caused by human activities and land exfoliation. Also, subjective evaluation method should be supplemented by objective criteria through further detailed studies. Finally, about landscape view conditions, landscape control points should be surveyed and established in advance, and viewing distance, viewing frequency, amount of observers and public interests should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

This study was carried out for the purpose of presenting basic data bases for conservation and management measures of Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area in Bongsan. The analysis results of the actual vegetation showed that rate of vegetation cover were composed of 72.3% of Robinia pseudo-acacia Forest, 10.7% of Sorbus alnifoila Forest, and Sorbus alnifoila was founded as a dominant woody plant species in the Core Zone of Bongsan Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area. To investigate the vegetation structure of Sorbus alnifolia Community in Bongsan Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area, twelve $100m^2$ sized plots were set up in Bongsan. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, the communities were divided into the three groups of Sorbus alnifolia Community, Pinus koraiensis Community and Robinia pseudo-acacia Community, To analyze annual diameter growth rate for major tree species, nine sample trees from research plots were measured. Expected ages of Sorbus alnifoila trees were 27~37years, Robinia pseudo-acacia trees were 17~26 years, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Prunus sargentii, and Quercus mongolica trees were 27~38 years. As a result, annual diameter growth rates of Robinia pseudo-acacia and Pinus rigida tended to remarkably decreased, Sorbus alnifoila had the wood on inter-specific competition of the woody plant species. Importance values of Sorbus alnifoila in the three layers of Sorbus alnifoila communities were evenly high.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.116-128
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• 2017

In this study, the original scenery of Baegun-dong Garden in Gangjin was compared with that of the reconstructed site to suggest directions for restoration in the future. The diachronic prototype scenery of the Baegun-dong Garden was derived by integrating the elements of the original and contemporary prototype sceneries from the old poetry series. The old poetry series is comprised of "Baegun-dong 8Yeong(詠)" by Lee Damro(李聃老), "Baegun-dong 10Su(首)" by Song Ikhwi(宋翼輝), "Baegun-dong 12Gyeong (景)" by Jeong Yakyong(丁若鏞), and "Baegun-dong 14Gyeong" by Lee Siheon (李時憲). Guidance for directions for future restoration was suggested through a comparative analysis between the diachronic prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden and the current scenery of the restored site. The research result is as follows. First, the prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden was a harmonic view composed of the camellia forest road, 'Baegun-dong' the letter carved on a rock, a cliff 'Changhabyeok(蒼霞壁)' the red letter written by Jeong Yakyong, paulownia trees, waterfalls and a maple forest. Outside the Byeolseo(別墅), there were a red plum blossom forest, a pine forest, and a bamboo forest, as well as the view of Okpanbong(玉版峯) from Jeongseondae(停仙臺). In the yard, there were Chwimiseonbang(翠微禪房), Jug-gak(竹閣), Pyeongsang(榻), a lotus Bangji(方池), Gogsugeo(曲水渠) and Hwagye(花階). Cranes were even raised in the yard. Second, comparing the diachronic prototype scenery of Baegun-dong Garden with its restored site, following a restoration guide is suggested. There should be more water flow in Baegun-dong Valley and Jug-gak should be restored. 'Changhabyeok' the red letter should be carved on the stone wall. Trees should be controlled for a better view of Okpanbong from Jeongseondae. More trees and plants, such as red plum blossom, pine tree, paulownia trees, azaleas(映山紅), chrysanthemum, orchid, daffodil, and lotus should be planted in the yard. A system of integrated guide boards is also required for effective information transmission for visitors.