• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.240-250
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• 1998

This study is to have attempted to analyze the characteristics of the change in forest landscape pattern of Seoul for 18 years by grasping it through satellite image data on the forest area in Seoul where a rapid change according urbanization and industrialization is going on. On the basis of Landsat MSS data- satellite image data, this writer analyzed the change in the number and size of patch and the mean edge length of each forest land, and the index of patch shape by each year from a landscape -ecological point of view. The results are as follows; First, in the pattern change of the forest patch of Seoul, the highest patch fragmentation area is the forest of the Yangchon-gu district where is decreasing it forest area by 654ha, 511ha, 495ha, 402ha each year from its total size of 742ha in 1979. Second, the change tendency shows that the average forest size decreased at 552.58ha in 1983, 435.03ha in 1988, 396.23ha in 1992, and 379.96ha in 1996. And analysis showed that even in the number of patches, the forest fragmentation phenomenon was presenting by the increase of development disturbance. Third, the mean edge by year was longest at 23,385m in 1979, but it is decreasing continuously. This shows the regular and artificial uniformity of forest landscape by disturbance-effect increase of the built-up development and shows low portion against edge effect by the time-series change like 1979>1983>198>1992>1996. Finally, in the analysis of a shape index indicated by ratio of size and edge, total averages were 2.56, 2.33, 2.17, 2.14, 2.14 each year, so that it is considered that the disturbance and ecological health status against forest landscape can be grasped according to being examined as 1979>1983>1988>1992, 1996 by the time-series change of the landscape.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2008

Recently, reckless exploitation of land resources without much consideration for the environmental value of the land has been witnessed to accommodate the ever-increasing demands for regional development. Fragmentation due to land development is a major reason for the declining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the relationship between the factors of land development and forest fragmentation in 13 watersheds of a metropolitan area and (2) to suggest a forest management plan through the relationship. We carried out a factor analysis to determine explanatory axes of forest fragmentation, and then conducted a correlation analysis between the factor scores and the factor of land development, such as the rate of built-up areas, road density, number of built-up patches, and area of housing developments. The first explanatory axis represented stability of landscape highly related with the rate of the built-up area and road density. The second axis represented the level of fragment highly related with a number of built-up patches. Forest fragmentation patterns of the 13 watersheds were classified for the similarity in forest fragmentation. This study presents the forest management plans including distribution and level of land development and forest conservation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2002

This study tested the usefulness of landscape indices for quantifying forest fragmentation due to linear development projects. Research was carried out in the middle-upper Nakdong River watershed, which has been affected by the expressway building, or national road-widening. Landscape indices were calculated from the forest cover maps before and after road-building using FRAGSTATS 3.1. We could successfully demonstrate the forest fragmentation based on landscape indices; (1) patch size decreased, and edge density and patch density increased (2) roads simplified patch shapes, especially in the larger patches, (3) patch core area size decreased, and core area density increased, (4) the distance increased between the focal patch and each of the other patches within the search radius (=1km) as a result of roads. We suggest several important needs for future researches, including continued investigation of scaling issues, development of indices that measure specific components of spatial pattern, and study of the relationships between forest fragmentation and ecological processes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 2012

Habitat loss and fragmentation are ongoing major anthropogenic impacts on landscapes, which can strongly affect ecosystems, populations and species. The studies on forest fragmentation have been progressed, but the studies on definition of forest fragmentation and their synthetic trend in South Korea still leaves much to be desired. Therefore we set the definition of forest fragmentation and reviewed the related papers. We can give a definition that forest fragmentation is not only a process of spatial landscape transformation, but also a process of ecosystem change by it. The trend of studies on forest fragmentation divided into two fields, landscape and ecosystem changes. Forest fragmentation caused by land change altered the composition and configuration of forest patches. Most studies related on that analyzed the change using landscape index. The effects of forest fragmentation on ecosystem subdivided into three fields : biodiversity, edge effects, and invasive species, but the studies in South Korea is short. The study on relations between forest fragmentation and ecosystem change is necessary to face the Convention on Biological Diversity in South Korea. In addition, the fundamental studies on biodiversity is important to mitigate against forest fragmentation.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2005

파편화와 같은 인위적 교란은 산림생태계의 지속성에 영향을 미치므로, 산림의 양적인 분포뿐만 아니라 구조적인 패턴을 분석하는 것은 산림생태계를 관리하는 기본적인 과정이라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산림생태계의 건전성 평가 및 관리계획 수립을 위한 기초정보를 제공하기 위해 경관지수와 GIS 기법을 활용하여 낙동강 유역에 분포하는 산림구조를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석에 필요한 공간정보는 환경부에서 발행한 토지피복분류도를 이용하여 구축하였으며, 경관지수 상호간 정보의 중복을 배제하기 위하여 Pearson 상관분석을 통해 6개의 지수(LPI, PD, ED, MSI, CPLAND, IJI)를 선정하였다. 경관지수를 이용한 산림경관의 구조적 패턴을 분석한 결과, 낙동강 본류에 분포하는 유역들에서 파편화 정도가 다른 유역에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 낙동상주 유역과 낙동밀양 유역은 산림의 양적인 측면뿐만 아니라 구조적으로도 불안정한 상황을 보이는 것으로 나타났는데, 이들 유역에 대해서는 지역의 환경조건에 부합하는 산림복원 등의 생태적 관리를 위해 현장검증 및 영향인자에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2023

The study aims to identify factors related to landscape structure and socioeconomic characteristics that influence adults' physical activity and health. The study analyzes data from 148,643 respondents from the Korea Community Health Survey conducted in 2021. The study measures various factors, including the frequency of physical activity, stress, depression, and landscape metrics of forest patches. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. Larger forest patches and more irregular shapes are associated with higher levels of physical activity among adults. The percentage and area of the forest patch are associated with fewer mental health complaints. Configuration-related landscape metrics such as shape or arrangement of the forest patch did not show a significant association with physical activity. Overall, the study provides insights into how specific characteristics of forest patches in urban areas may influence physical activity and mental health among adults. It emphasizes the importance of green spaces and their potential positive effects on both physical and mental well-being.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 산림청에서 지정한 '우리나라 100대 명산'에 포함된 국 도립공원 산림과 그 외의 일반산림과의 비교를 통해 산림의 경관구조적 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 산림을 대상으로 100대 명산에 지정된 산림 및 지정되지 못한 산림을 각각 34개씩 선정하고, 각 산림에 대해 FRAGSTATS을 활용하여 경관구조에 따른 공간분석 결과를 경관지수로 계량화한 후, 두 집단 간 경관지수의 비교분석을 통해 산림의 경관인식에 영향을 주는 경관구조적 특징들을 찾고자 하였다. 비교분석에 의한 연구결과 국 도립공원 산림은 대체로 일반산림에 비해 평균경사도가 크고, 해발이 높으며, 지형 기복도가 높은 곳에 위치하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국 도립공원 산림은 대체로 수종분포 특성에 따른 영급패치의 형태, 크기 및 복잡성 등이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 비교분석 결과를 토대로 판단할 때 임분 패치의 평균크기, 경관면적비율, 가장자리밀도 및 다양성 등의 경관구조적 특징들이 산림의 경관인식에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자로 판단된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 각종 환경적 교란이 야기되고 있는 금호강 유역의 경관구조를 정량화, 모니터링하기 위한 경관메트릭스의 적용가능성을 평가하는데 있다. 경관메트릭스는 토지피복지도(1985년, 1999년)의 산림패취만을 대상으로 계산하였다. 최초 사용된 12개 메트릭스는 인자분석을 통해서 전체 변량의 91% 이상 설명하는 3개의 공통인자로 축소되었다. 또한, 다중회귀분석을 사용하여 토지개발이 산림경관구조의 변화에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 산림패치에서 도시지역과 농경지로의 전환은 파편화의 증가를 초래한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 도시지역으로의 전환은 패치면적과 패치크기를 감소시키고, 패치밀도는 증가시켰다($R^2=0.696$, p<0.01). 패치크기의 이질성과 패치모양의 복잡성은 농경지로의 전환에 의해서 감소하였다($R^2=0.405$, p<0.01). 핵심구역과 가장자리의 밀도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 산림의 도시지역과 농경지로의 전환과는 뚜렷한 상호관계를 가지지 않았다. 향후에는 경관구조와 특정한 환경적, 사회경제적 경관기능 사이의 상호관계성을 분석하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2012

The loss of connectivity and fragmentation of forest landscapes are seriously hindering dispersal of many forest-dwelling species, which may be critical for their viability and conservation by decreasing habitat area and increasing distance among habitats. For understanding their environmental impacts, numerous spatial models exist to measure landscape connectivity. However, general relationships between functional connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately measure landscape connectivity in whole landscape and individual patches. We reviewed functional and structural definition of landscape connectivity, explained their mathematical connotations, and applied representative 13 indices in 3 districts of Seoul having fragmented forest patches with tits, the threshold distance was applied 500m by considering the dispersal of tits. Results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that connectivity indices could be divided by measurement methods whether they contain the area attribute with distance or not. Betweenness centrality(BC), a representative index measuring distance and distribution among patches, appreciated highly stepping stone forest patches, and difference of probability of connectivity(dPC), an index measuring including area information, estimated integrated connectivity of patches. Therefore, for evaluating landscape connectivity, it is need to consider not only general information of a region and species' characteristics but also various measuring methods of landscape connectivity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 1997

All landscapes are mosaics of habitat patches of different types. Therefore, there are always edged between habitat patches in a landscape. Forest animal has an important role in vegetation development and maintenance by seed dispersal around forest. Movement of animals depends on the spatially heterogeneous structure and pattern of vegetation landscapes because each animal has special habitats in a landscape. Especially, forast edge with high permeability and prey density is one of the important habitats to the animals. Therefore, understanding the ecological characteristics of the forest edges as a corridor connecting mosaic vegetation patches is necessa교 새 establish the strategies for the nature conservation and sustainable vegetation management. Under this idea, we examined the animal influenced on pine seeds as one of the method of monitoring the animal activity in mosaic vegetation. Man-made mosaic vegetations including open, edge and inner forests were carefully selected in the rural landscape. We carried out predation test on pine seeds during one year. A result was that damages on seed was more significant at forest edge than inner and open forest. Pine seed on seedbeds was mainly attacked by squirrels and mice than birds. Pine seed was damaged by squirrels in different types of vegetation by seasons. Rate of seed predation at forest edge was, in special, higher than that of other sites. According to this results, it is suggested that the relationship between animal behavior and spatial vegetation structure relating to human impact such as the distance from settlement to vegetation appeares to be in the rural vegetation landscape.