• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the functionality of fermented black garlic extracts under various conditions. Black garlic powder was prepared by aging for 0~72 hours at 80℃ depending on relative humidity (RH). It showed the highest antioxidant effects among the samples; the total antioxidant activity of black garlic powders at RH 75%, 84%, and 90% for 72 hours was increased 31.9 times, 28.2 times, and 22.6 times compared with that of the fresh garlic powder, respectively. Also, the alliin content was gradually decreased. S-ally-L-cysteine and S-ethyl-cysteine levels were increased; the highest values were 495.9 ㎍/g and 1,769.7 ㎍/g after aging for 72 hours at RH 75%. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were increased following high fat diet feeding, but the rise was obviously reduced by administration of black garlic extract. The total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride contents in serum were significantly lower in methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet treatment groups than in the positive control group. The concentration was increased following the intake of black garlic and fermented black garlic extracts. Therefore, black garlic extracts could be an ideal material as a dietary supplement in healthy functional foods to improve the effects on fatty liver.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2010

This study attempted to estimate the dietary quality and the food diversity by analyzing the military foodservice menu. To evaluate the dietary quality, an analysis of NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) were carried out. DDS(Dietary Diversity Score), DVS(Dietary Variety Score) and DMGFV(Dairy Product, Meat, Grain, Fruit, Vegetable group) were used for assessment of food diversity. A Can-pro 3.0 and an excel were used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. The results were as follows. The NAR of the 9 nutrients was above the RDAs and MAR was $1.71{\pm}0.19$. For 19 days(61.3%), DDS was 5 and for 12 days(38.7%), DDS was 4. The average of DDS was $4.6{\pm}0.25$. The Fruit & vegetable groups were not often served compared to other groups and especially fresh fruit were not given enough. The average of DVS and DVSS were $22.48{\pm}0.61$ and $29.26{\pm}0.66$ each. The most frequent food pattern was 'DMGFV=11111' which was served for 19 days(61.3%) and second frequent pattern 'DMGFV=11101' was served for 12 days(38.7%). DDS was significantly associated with Vit. C intake and DVS and DVSS was significantly related to Vit. $B_1$ and Vit. $B_2$ intakes. The MAR was significantly correlated with only DVSS. It could be interpreted that DVSS is a useful parameter for evaluating nutrient intakes as previous studies verified. Based on these findings, it can be said that military foodservice was provided with adequate nutrition and diversity. Menu was well composed of various foods which met the nutrition standards, but should provide more fresh fruits for adequate provision of vitamins and minerals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2004

Dietary pattern analysis is important complementary approach for identifying associations between diet and chronic disease. A case-control study was conducted in order to examine dietary patterns and the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Data were collected from both 137 cases with either colorectal cancer or large bowl adenomatous polyps and 134 controls regarding social-demographic characteristics and food intake using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We conducted factor analysis and identified 6 major dietary patterns: 'Well-being diet' characterized by higher intakes of potatoes, yogurt, soybean paste and vegetables, 'Meat & fish', 'Milk & juice', 'Pork & alcohol', 'Rice & kimchi', and 'Coffee & cake'. We calculated factor scores for each participant and examined the associations between dietary patterns and colon cancer risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a relative risk for colon cancer of 0.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 - 0.34) when comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of the 'Well-being' pattern. Significant trends of decreasing risk of colon cancer also emerged with the 'Milk & juice' (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20 - 0.79). In contrast, inverse associations of the risk were found for 'Pork & alcohol' (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.93 - 3.97), 'Coffee & cake' (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.07 - 4.46). For the 'Meat & fish' pattern, the decreased risk of colon cancer was observed in the second tertile, but not in the highest tertile when comparing to the lowest. The 'Rice & kimchi' pattern had a nonsignificant association with the risk. These data suggest that major dietary patterns derived from the FFQ associated with the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Since foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern research in natural eating behavior may be useful for understanding dietary causes of colon cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1985

본조사 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자의 식품섭취균형도 점수는 17점 만점에 평균 11.93점으로 대부분의 영양소가 권장량에 미달된 가능성이 큼을 시사해 주었다. 2) 식사의 질이 불량한 군일수록 대상자의 평균 연령이 높았다(P<0.01). 3) 식사의 질이 불량한 군일수록 자신의 체형을 뚱뚱한 형으로 평가했으며 과체중율이 높았고 자신의 체형에 대해 불만족을 표했다(P<0.01). 4) 식사의 질이 불량한 군일수록 결식율이 높았고 식사가 불규칙적으로 이루어 졌다(P<0.01). 5) 식사의 질이 양호한 군일수록 단백질 식품군에 대한 기호도가 높았다(P<0.05). 6) 식사의 질이 양호한 군일수록 간식 섭취 횟수 (P<0.01)와 인스탄트 식품 이용도(P<0.01)가 높았고 식사시 식품배합을 고려하는 율이 높았다(P<0.05).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.659-667
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• 2001

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore some new therapies to control clinical symptoms of patients with terminal cancer by using external applications. Methods: We investigated some literatures on the external applications for cancer patients and made diagrams. Results: The results are summarized as follows. External applications are one of the traditional oriental medical methods and these are effective for pain control, ascites & pleural effusion and palpitable mass. It has some characteristics which are simple, safe and popular, but we must pay attention carefully to allergic reaction and toxicity in using external applications. The therapeutic portion of external applications are decided by discipline of syndrome and disease differentiation, and the prescriptions are composed of antitumor herb medicines. Conclusions: From the above results, it is expected that external applications are useful to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life(QOL) for patients with terminal cancer who cannot intake foods or medicines.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2001

This study was conducted to provide current information on dietary behaviors and dish preferences of elementary school children and to suggest guidelines for proper dietary behaviors. To accomplish study objectives survey was executed using the questionnaire for 420 fifth and sixth grade school children, chosen from schools in Kangwha-gun and East River District of Seoul. A questionnaire largely consists of categories including general characteristics, dietary behavior and preferences of the subjects for some dishes. Results showed 30％ of the subjects had breakfast irregularly. A majority of the subjects took Korean style dishes of cooked rice and soup for breakfast. fifty-eight percent of subjects had a regular meal time. Imbalanced diet(avoiding specific flood group thereby causing unbalance in nutrient intake) habit group was estimated to be 47.3%. Twenty one percent had a habit of overeating. In choosing the snack, taste was considered to be a more important factor than nutrition. Advertisement of the snack was shown to be one of the Important factors in selecting the snack. The girls were more concerned about weight control than the boys. Also the girls were likely to rely on the diet to control weight since they exercised only in the physical c1ass while the boys exercised regularly. Generally, children liked animal protein containing foods and the preference for vegetables was low. In order to improve overall dietary behavior, systematic nutrition education programs reflecting sex difference should be developed. Dish preference data would be very useful in selecting substitutive dish for the s[hoof lunch menu to improve imbalanced diet. (J Community Nutrition3(2) : 69∼76, 2001)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

This study was conducted to compare the dietary characteristics of middle-aged people with different obesity index or food habits. Questionnaires were collected from 480 subjects in Daejon. The data were analyzed by $X^2$-test and ANOVA. The subjects were distributed into the normal weight group(66.3%), overweight group(18.3%) and underweight(15.4%) based on BMI. Twenty-five percent of males and 23.0% of females in the 50＇s belonged to the overweight group. The least consumed food was milk or milk products among the five basic food groups. The frequency of exercise was low in their daily life. The had better food habits than the males. The overweight group had worse food habits than the normal weight or underweight group. The underweight group ate light meal and ate slowly. The better the subjects had, the more regularly they took breakfast(p＜0.001). The good food habits group were more interested in their dietary life and were more careful in selecting foods for their health than the bad food habits group(p＜0.001). Based on the results of this study, the practical education programs should be focused on more intake of milk or products and on daily exercise for the self-health maintenance of middle-aged people. Also, proper education programs should be developed for males and females in their 50＇s to practice weight control and regularity of meals in their life, and to utilize nutrition knowledge in dietary life. Further research on the comparision of dietary characteristics are needed with consideration of the subjects ratio according to BMI.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

As Korea is moving toward multicultural society, the number of Muslim, whose religion has a great influence on diet-related behaviors, is increasing in Korea. Since the number of immigrants from Indonesia ranks within top ten in Korea and Indonesia is one of the most representative Islamic countries in Asia, understanding the diet-related behaviors and food preferences of Indonesians is needed. This study was conducted to investigate diet-related behaviors, factors affecting the diet-related perceptions, and food preferences of the Indonesians. The subjects included 500 Indonesians dwelling in Jakarta, Indonesia. About ninety % of the subjects in this study were Muslims. They did not eat pork and dog meat for religious reason and they practiced fasting during Ramadan period. Indonesians avoided pineapple, durian, and hot foods during pregnancy and usually ate vegetables and fruits after birth, which seemed to be due to sociocultural influence. Among the subjects, 21.5% were obese and major health problems reported were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Their preference for fried food items might have contributed to health problems. Subjects had meals mostly at home (2.3 times/day) and dined out occasionally (1.2 times/week) at Indonesian restaurants (56.6%) or family restaurants (21.0%). In conclusion, Indonesians had home-based and native food-oriented dietary life with strong religious and sociocultural influence on food choices. Further research on specific nutrient intake analysis is needed to better understand and to improve dietary life of Indonesians in Korea.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in food habits, eating behaviors and food frequency by gender and regions in upper grade elementary school children in Korea. Subjects of this study were 1,211 children, 645 boys and 566 girls, attending 6 elementary schools (4th, 5th and 6th graders). 389 children lived in Seoul and 822 children lived in other regions. Mean height, weight and BMI of subjects were 142.4 cm, 38.7 kg and $18.8\;kg/m^2$ respectively. 70.5% of the subjects had breakfast every day and 12.4% of the subjects skipped breakfast. There were significant differences between boys and girls in causes of skipping breakfast, overeating, meal volume, and duration of meals. Girls showed more desirable eating behavior than boys (p < 0.001). Scores for specific eating behaviors such as unbalanced diet and intake of meats and vegetables were better in girls (p < 0.001), and boys ate meals faster than girls (p > 0.001). There were significant differences between Seoul and other regions in eating behavior. Eating behavior scores of children in other regions were higher than in Seoul (p < 0.01). Children in Seoul had a higher frequency of watching television with meals. Frequency of fruits (p < 0.001), milk products (p < 0.01), and meats (p < 0.05) of children in Seoul were higher than other regions. Otherwise the frequency of simple sugar products of children in other regions was higher than Seoul (p < 0.001). Frequency of green vegetables was higher for girls than boys, and frequency of fast foods was higher for boys than girls. These results showed that in nutrition education programs designed to improve the nutritional health of elementary school children, we need to focus more on differences in the children's food habits and eating behaviors by gender and regions. In consideration of these differences, such educational programs need to have a different emphasis for each gender and regions to serve its specific needs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2014

Approximately 50% of people in the world experience abdominal flatulence after the intake of foods containing galactosides such as lactose or soybean oligosaccharides. The galactoside hydrolyzing enzymes of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-galactosidases have been shown to reduce the levels of galactosides in both the food matrix and the human gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to optimize the production of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-galactosidases of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum RD47 with a basal medium containing whey and corn steep liquor. The activities of both enzymes were determined after culturing at $37^{\circ}C$ at pH 6.0 for 30 h. The optimal production of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-galactosidases was obtained with soybean oligosaccharides as a carbon source and proteose peptone no. 3 as a nitrogen source. The optimum pH for both ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-galactosidases was 6.0. The optimum temperatures were $35^{\circ}C$ for ${\alpha}$-galactosidase and $37^{\circ}C$ for ${\beta}$-galactosidase. They showed temperature stability up to $37^{\circ}C$. At a 1 mM concentration of metal ions, $CuSO_4$ inhibited the activities of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-galactosidases by 35% and 50%, respectively. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, B. longum RD47 may be used for the production of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-galactosidases, which may reduce the levels of flatulence factors.