• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.252-260
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• 2009

According to Article 7 and Annex B of the World Trade Organization(WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS) Measures, WTO members are required to notify their newly established or amended SPS measures that might affect international trade. This study analyzed SPS notifications from 1995 to 2008 to identify international trends for food safety measures. The notifications were collected from the SPS information management system and the official document distribution system of WTO. The 153 WTO members represented 37 developed countries, 84 developing countries and 32 least developed countries. The number of overall notifications was 9,820. The annual notifications increased from 198 in 1995 to 1,264 in 2008. The monthly average notifications were from 44.8 in December to 69.5 in June; however, there were no statistical differences among them. The six leading Members in terms of notification submissions were United States(U.S.), Brazil, New Zealand, Canada, European Community and Korea. Among the regular and emergency notifications, 62.7% notifications were concerned with food safety, followed by animal and plant protections. Among animal protection notifications, 54.8% were emergency situations. Of the 4,821 food safety notifications, 60.4% were from developed countries, and 39.3% were from developing countries. Measures concerning pesticide residues and risk assessments were mainly from developed countries. In contrast, 77.5% of the measures concerning zoonoses were from developing countries. However considering the numbers of developing and developed countries, the average number of measures for each country was similar. Food safety measures were mainly involved pesticide residues followed by food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, labeling. As the overall notifications, zoonosis measures were mainly emergency notifications. Measures concerning pesticide residues, food additives, zoonoses, new regulations, veterinary drugs, and labeling were submitted most often by the U.S., Korea, Albania, U.S., Australia, and U.S., respectively. Identifying the exact trends of food safety measures was complicated by a number of factors. However, WTO notifications might be useful tool in providing a general view of international trends.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.202-218
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• 2015

Many countries have introduced new imported food safety measures, following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. This study was conducted to evaluate the measures contents and effects on food trades values. Eight percent of members were notified the introduced measures to the World Trade Organization. The measures' contents were banning imports, enhancing inspection and adding certification requirement. The covered regions were some prefectures, entire Japan or all affected countries. European Union introduced a measure that subjecting foods originating from 12 prefectures to import at designated ports with required certification. The measures were amended 8 times until March 2014 to apply listed foods from 15 prefectures. The trade value of fishery products and miscellaneous foods were affected. Australia introduced a measure that required additional inspection of dairy, fishery and plants products from 13 prefectures with subsequent amendments. The trade value had no effect in tested foods. Chinese Taipei introduced a temporary import ban for all foods from 6 prefectures. Trade values for fruits were affected. The United States issued an import alert for detention without examination for listed prefectures and goods without introducing new measures. Although no specific products were affected, trade values for all foods were affected.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.196-208
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• 2018

This paper described the contents of the WTO (world trade organization) SPS (world trade organization) Agreement and trends in the WTO SPS provisions such as equivalence, localization, transparency, and risk assessment. The purpose of the WTO SPS agreement is to promote international trade by preventing arbitrary and unreasonable use of SPS measures, which are the rights of a country for the protection of human health and animal and plant health, and by abolishing the non-tariff barriers. To this end, the requirements for implementing the SPS measures taken by the importing country are restricted to those that can scientifically prove to be inevitable for SPS protection. The major provisions in WTO SPS agreement were elaborated to promote international trades. When trade-restricted SPS measures such as prohibition of imports are made, a scientific basis should be provided. Therefore, it is essential to provide scientific evidence based on risk analysis to protect people's health from potentially harmful imported foods.

• Safe Food
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.25-28
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• 2006

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 1997

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.730-737
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to derive practical improvement measures for the food traceability system that could improve food reliability and secure food safety. To this, in our survey May-June, 2019, 567 adult males and females were analyzed for recognition and experience of the food traceability system, measures to improve the system, and intention to make additional payments to improve the system. In the case of a food safety accident, 2.54 of 5 points were given on if the food was recalled or not. Approximately 77.4 percent of the respondents had never seen indication of a food traceability system, and approximately 93.8 percent had no access to, or experience with, using the system. Most respondents said that the food traceability system should be applied to items that need to be applied. As the volume of data that is recorded and managed by the government is recognized as high, improvement is needed. Finally, it was analyzed that the company intends to pay an additional 1.34% on average to expand its food traceability system. A more sophisticated cost analysis is needed to apply the improvements proposed to complement the plans that are acceptable to consumers and the industry.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.134-152
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• 2008

Almost every country around the world has been focusing on food safety in intense and multifaceted ways. The use of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is widely accepted as a food safety management system. This paper investigates the success factors of HACCP practices with reference to the domains of food production, processing and delivery. A literature review of food safety and management articles was conducted. Using the keywords search, the online Emerald Database was used and a total of 102 journal articles were identified between 1994 and 2007. The study examined a list of 20 success factors. Results show that 'food regulations,' 'role of the industry,' 'government policies and interventions,' 'training on food safety and hygiene,' and 'food contamination and/or poisoning' share the spotlight as being the most critical factors for HACCP practices in organisations. Future research could investigate a holistic paradigm that incorporates the success factors and aligns HACCP measures for attaining safety performance goals.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

To prepare measures for practical policy utilization and the control of heavy metals, hazard control related institutions by country, present states of control by country, and present states of control by heavy metals were examined. Hazard control cases by heavy metals in various countries were compared and analyzed. In certain countries (e.g., the U.S., the U.K., and Japan), hazardous substances found in foods (e.g., arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury) are controlled. In addition, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommends calculating the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of individual heavy metals instead of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) to compare their pollution levels considering their toxicity accumulated in the human body. In Korea, exposure assessments have been conducted, and in other countries, hazardous substances are controlled by various governing bodies. As such, in Korea and other countries, diverse food heavy metal monitoring and human body exposure assessments are conducted, and reducing measures are prepared accordingly. To reduce the danger of hazardous substances, many countries provide leaflets and guidelines, develop hazardous heavy metal intake recommendations, and take necessary actions. Hazard control case analyses can assist in securing consumer safety by establishing systematic and reliable hazard control methods.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2011

Though food safety efforts of the government has been increasing, but the health hazards resulting from food does not stop and thus increases consumers' anxiety and distrust of government. For more reliable safety management, developing analysis and intake measurement methods and strengthening regulatory control with strict criteria is necessary. In addition, as not only the known hazards by now, but also unknown but obvious hazards are simultaneously ongoing in current environments, the unified risk management and health assessment for food, health food and medicines from the media is critical. As risks and damage to health may show up after a long time after exposure, preventive measures and strategies for safety control is also needed.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

The primary purpose of present study, to take appropriate measures to prevent occupational accidents in the food service industry, was to evaluate characteristics of working condition and occupational safety and health. In order to fulfill our objective, profession and working environment, safety recognition and education, safety activities, physical conditions and accident experience were surveyed. To collect information and opinion in the field, face-to-face interviews were, using a structured questionnaire, carried out. Also, food service industry's accidents reported by Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency at 2014 were statistically analyzed. In the resulting of analyzing data from a questionnaire survey of food service industry employees, safety/health train and management were increased.