• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.578-592
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• 1997

The use of semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires to estimate dietary intake has become widespread in nutritional epidemiologic studies. It had been suggested that knowledge about a person's usual portion size of each meal in addition to consumption frequency will improve the accuracy of this method. This study was performed to investigate the dietary intake status(nutrient, food, and dish intake) and one portion size of commonly consumed food and dishes to develop a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire that will be used to expore the relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular disease and diet in Korean women after menopause. Intake of food or dish in 123 elderly women were measured by 3-day food records in March to May, 1996. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follow : 1) Calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin E intakes were less adequate than Recommended dietary allowances(RDA). 2) The subjects who consumed more than 20% of the energy from fat were 35% and the subjects consumed dietary cholesterol more than 300mg were 18$\%$. 3) The most frequently consumed foods or dishes by the subjects were Korean cabbage kimchi〉cooked rice, well-milled〉laver〉apple〉strawberry〉mixed rice〉soybean soup. 4) The major dish groups which contributed to most daily nutrient intakes were cooked rice, Korean cabbage kimchi, soybean soup because of large amount and high frequency of intake although they do not contain large amount of most nutrients. 5) One portion size of commomly consumed foods and dishes in elderly women was different from one portion size suggested in the Korean nutrition society. This study provides information for the design of data-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. for Korean elderly women. In addition, they may be useful to health care planners or nutrition educators. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 578-592, 1997)

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.483-496
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of eating alone, meal type, and dietary lifestyles on healthy eating capability of one-person households. We analyzed the mediation effects of weekly frequencies of each meal type taken by one-person households between eating habits such as eating alone and dietary lifestyles of one-person households and healthy eating capability. We also analyzed data from the 2019 Food Consumption Behavior Survey using a sample of 688 one-person households. Factor analysis, latent profile analysis, structural equation model analysis was conducted; direct and indirect effects of independent variables were tested using bootstrap method. The major results were as follows. Frequency of eating alone was about 10 times a week on average; one-person households had home-made meals about 12 times a week, for restaurant meals, 4 times, for delivered/take-out food, 0.39 times, and for other types, 0.44 times. Weekly frequencies of eating alone and meal types taken by one-person households were significantly different among the different socio-demographic groups. Dietary lifestyle was classified into four classes: traditional, health ignorant, food lifestyle ignorant, and balanced. Eating alone and dietary lifestyle had a significant effect on weekly frequency of each meal type. Frequencies of eating alone, balanced dietary lifestyle, and taking home-made meals had a positive direct effect on healthy eating capability, and frequency of taking delivered or take-out food and food consumption ignorant lifestyle had a negative direct effect. Eating alone, balanced and traditional dietary lifestyles had a positive indirect effect through the meal type; however, watching Mug-bang had a negative indirect effect.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.230-247
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the association between awareness of having a chronic disease with food habits and dietary quality among 320 male manufacturing workers in their 40s. Participants were categorized into groups. The first group comprised workers who were aware of having chronic diseases (ACD, n=160) and had been diagnosed with any one or more of the following major chronic diseases: Metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The second group comprised those who had experienced none of the above diseases were classified as a group of people who were a ware of not having chronic diseases (ANCD, n=160). The mean age of the subjects was 44.2 years. The mean weight (P<0.001) and body mass index (BMI; P<0.01) were significantly higher in the ACD than in the ANCD group. The frequency of alcohol consumption and the number of current smokers were not significantly different between the two groups. Dietary attitudes were not significantly different between the two groups. The frequency of egg consumption was significantly higher in the ACD group (P<0.05). Picky eating, vegetable intake, checking nutrition labels, and healthy eating behavior were not significantly different between the two groups. The frequency of exercise was significantly lower in the ACD group compared to the ANCD group (P<0.05). The mean nutrition quotient (NQ) score was 51.9, with no significant difference between the two groups. Based on these results, the awareness of suffering from chronic diseases was not significantly related to dietary attitudes, food habits, and overall dietary quality among production workers. Therefore, there is a need to develop and implement nutrition education programs to inculcate an awareness of health status that can lead to dietary changes.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1997

In order to investigate the dietary intakes and physical characteristics in college women smokers, interviews using questionnaires were done on 33 smokers and 42 nonsmokers residing in seoul area. General living habits, dietary habits, food consumption frequency and nutrient intake by quick estimation were investigated through direct interviews with subjects. Subjects height, weight and blood pressure were measured, and body fat percentage were statistically analyzed using Bio-electrical Impedence Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program ; percentage or mean and standard error were examined for each item, and the significant difference was evaluated by chi-square test or Student's t-test at $\alpha$=0.05. In the analysis of taste and food preference, smokers consumed larger amount of alcohol and coffee than nonsmokers ; they also disliked sweet taste. The results of food consumption frequency data also showed that smokers consumed less fish, milk and fruits but consumed more instant foods than nonsmokers. As a result of anthropometric measurements, height, age, and 패요 fat percentage showed no difference, but there was a significant difference in weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Energy intake in nonsmokers was 1640 ㎉/day(CHO : Pro : Fat=66.0 : 14.7 : 19.3), in smokers. Intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin in smokers were not significantly different from those of nonsmokers.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to examine alcohol consumption rates and the perception of drinking cultures among college students in the Wonju area. An examination of factors such as frequency of drinking, average quantity consumed, and frequency of heavy drinking suggested that the drinking rates were relatively high. Over 70% of subjects drank at least once a week, 66.2% typically drank more than 5 servings at a time, and 19.2% of males and 13.0% of females were heavy drinkers. It was revealed from an AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) assessment that 71.3% of the subjects tested had various levels of alcohol-related problems. These problems were more severe in subjects that were male, selfboarding, or overweight. Alcohol related knowledge was not high because the subjects didn't know or incorrectly recognized some contents such as blood alcohol concentration, the energy content of alcohol, and the empty caloric characteristics of alcohol. Generally male, self-boarding, and overweight persons were not critical of the undesirable characteristics associated with drinking culture. Two opinions that were generally considered to be permissible were: 'Men should be able to drink' and 'Drinking is essential for a smooth human relationship'.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.257-269
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• 2017

본 연구는 2012~2015년 국가 단위 대규모 데이터를 활용하여, 성인 남녀를 대상으로 연령대 (19~39세, 40~64세)로 구분 후 식생활 중 차지하는 비중이 높은 커피의 섭취 종류 및 섭취량 (정량적 식품섭취빈도조사 자료 활용)에 따른 일반사항, 영양소 섭취 상태, 대사적 지표 및 대사증후군 위험률에 대해 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 남성과 여성에서 모두 교육수준이 높을수록 블랙 커피를 섭취하는 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 현재 흡연자 비율은 3-in-1 커피를 1일 2잔 초과하여 섭취하는 군에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 열량 섭취량 및 영양소 섭취 밀도 분석 결과, 열량 섭취량의 경우 블랙 커피 섭취군에 비해 하루에 2회 초과 3-in-1 커피 섭취군에서 높은 결과를 보였으며, 40~64세 성인 남녀의 경우 3-in-1 커피의 섭취가 1일 2잔 초과하는 군에서 식이섬유소, 나이아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 인 및 칼륨과 같은 미량영양소의 섭취 밀도가 낮은 결과를 보였다. 40~64세 남성의 경우 3-in-1 커피를 1일 2잔 초과하여 마시는 경우 교란인자 보정 후 대사증후군 odds ratio가 2.03(95% CI 1.13~3.64)으로 나타나 40~64세 남성에서 3-in-1 커피의 섭취 증가는 블랙 커피 섭취에 비해 대사증후군 위험과 관련이 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 성별과 특정 연령대에서 3-in-1 커피의 섭취 정도와 대사증후군 위험도와의 관련성을 제안할 수 있는 근거자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate attitude and behavior of eating and purchasing seafood in relation to eating pattern at the household level among Korean housewives. Analysis data from 676 housewives in Korea were collected with self-administered questionnaires. The results were as follows: Seventy-three % of the respondents answered that they liked seafood dishes for their taste, good nutrition and health benefit in order, but 3.2% disliked seafoods because of their bad smell, cooking difficulties and high prices. In comparison with the meat dishes, seafoods were considered superior to meat in nutritional value(49.9%), health aspect(46.4%) and taste(42.4%) but seafood stuffs were evaluated inferior to meat in the aspects of preparation process(43.9%), sanitational problems(40.4%) and higher price(35.2%). The favorite fish cooking methods of housewives turned out to be grilling, stewing, eating as raw fish, braising and frying in order. The 74.7% of respondents evaluated that their family preferred seafood dishes, but 37.2% of the subjects prepared seafood dishes 1-2 times a week followed by 3-4 times a week(24.0%), 2-3 times a month(19.6%), once a month(7.4%) and more than once a day(5.3%). The frequency rate of seafood preparation showed significant differences according to the monthly income of the household(p<0.05), the higher the income, the higher the frequency rate. As for the difficulties in preparing seafood dishes, cumbersome processes before cooking(45.4%), high price(10.4%) and sanitational problems of distribution(9.9%) were indicated showing significant differences among the age groups of the subjects(p<0.01). These findings revealed that younger generation housewife group is the major target in promoting seafood consumption at household level. We suggest to develop convenient sale packages and continuing education programs with information about easy handling and preparation of seafoods for the promotion of home cooking.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the preference and perception on fruits especially, focusing on apples and pears served in elementary school lunch programs. The subjects of this study were 1,106 students (504 female and 595 male students)from seven elementary schools in Seoul. The survey was conducted by using self-administered questionnaire from July 10 to July 20, 2006. Based on the frequency analysis results, 45% of respondents ate fruits every day and 42% had fruits 2-3 times per week. Approximately, 53% of respondents indicated their usual time to eat fruits was after dinner and secondly 27% had fruits between lunch and dinner. Majority of respondents chose a watermelon as the most preferred fruits and the first chosen among nine fruits (apple, pear, madarin, strawberry, cherry tomato, watermelon, grape, melon, and peach). Cherry tomato was found as the least preferred fruits by 30% of students, however cherry tomato was most frequently offered fruits in elementary school lunch menu. About 50% students were satisfied with the served fruits in their school lunch program. In addition, most students said that they would have fruits more frequently in their lunch menu. However, one fifth of students addressed that they were not satisfied with the fruits in school lunch program because of kinds of fruits, freshness of fruits, taste of fruits, and quantity of fruits. Almost 71% of students preferred apples. Seventy three percents of students preferred eating apples without peel and 78% of students ate apples as slices of apples. In addition, 61% of students indicated their preference of apple salads. Many students responded they did not eat apples and pears frequently since they do not have a chance to eat them. The implications to increase the chance to eat fruits and promote elementary children's fruits consumption were discussed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1732-1739
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• 2009

본 연구는 일산 지역의 중학생들의 개인 특성 요인(성별, BMI)과 가정 내 환경 요인(어머니 직업 유무, 부모 교육 정도)들이 간식 섭취에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상자의 성별에 따라서 간식 식품군별 섭취 빈도를 조사한 결과, 남학생은 우유 및 유제품(p<0.05), 씨리얼류(<0.05)와 면류(p<0.01)의 섭취가, 여학생은 과자류(p<0.01)와 사탕-초콜릿류(p<0.01)의 섭취가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 대상자를 BMI에 따라서 분류한 결과, 저체중군은 과자류(p<0.05)와 사탕-초콜릿류(p<0.001)의 섭취가 정상체중군 및 과체중군에 비하여 높게 나왔다. 대상자의 어머니가 전업주부인 경우 부모가 준비하는 간식을 섭취하는 비율이 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.001), 과일-과일주스류(p<0.05) 및 우유-요구르트류(p<0.001) 섭취 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 부모의 학력이 높은 군의 조사대상자에서 간식 섭취가 비교적 규칙적이었으나 패스트푸드와 청량음료의 섭취 빈도가 높았다. 본 연구 결과 청소년들의 간식 섭취 및 소비 태도는 성별, BMI, 어머니의 직업 유무와 부모의 교육 정도에 의하여 영향을 받았다. 따라서 청소년들이 간식 섭취 및 소비 태도가 올바른 습관으로 정착되어 성인이 되어서도 건강하고 자주적인 식생활이 가능하도록 다양한 요인을 고려하여 청소년 스스로가 바람직하고 계획성 있는 간식을 구입 및 섭취할 수 있는 태도에 대한 교육뿐만 아니라 어머니의 취업으로 인한 청소년의 간식 섭취의 부정적인 영향을 보완할 수 있는 방안이 개발하고 적용해야 할 것이라고 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to measure changes in the dining out consumption behaviors of the elderly living in Korea. Data on 2,316 and 3,170 elderly aged over 50 years were extracted from the 2001 and 2011 KNHANES(Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys), respectively. The data were analyzed by gender, age, region area, marital status, educational level, household income, economic activity and subjective health status. Frequency of dining out was higher in males between 50~64 years of age, living in metropolitan area, well-educated, high-income, engaged in economic activity and healthy. As a result, these basic data can be used for analyzing the changes in dining out consumption behaviors by sociodemographic characteristics of people aged over 50 years and the elderly in Korea. In the results on the consumption rate of food service in the two groups, 'female' and '65~74 years old' showed the largest increases from 10 years, and thus should be the group that the food service industry focuses on to develop new marketing strategies suitable for the environment.